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Critical · 9.3 CVE-2026-54496 EUVD-2026-45228GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46

Missing copy constraint in halo2_gadgets variable-base scalar multiplication allows under-constrained base, breaking Orchard Action circuit soundness

Published Jul 17, 2026 · Updated Jul 17, 2026 · Assigned by GitHub_M

Description

ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to zebrad 5.0.0, halo2_gadgets 0.5.0, orchard 0.14.0, zcash_primitives 0.28.0, and zcashd 6.20.0, the variable-base scalar multiplication gadget in halo2_gadgets/src/ecc/chip/mul/incomplete.rs used assign_advice() for the base point without a copy constraint tying it to the actual base, allowing a malicious prover to produce a valid proof for an Orchard Action with an under-constrained base point and bypass the diversified-address-integrity check that binds pk_d, g_d, ivk, the nullifier (nf), and the spend validating key (ak) to the note being spent. This issue is fixed in zebrad 5.0.0, halo2_gadgets 0.5.0, orchard 0.14.0, zcash_primitives 0.28.0, and zcashd 6.20.0.

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
ZcashFoundation zebra < 5.0.0 —
zcash halo2_gadgets < 0.5.0 —
zcash orchard < 0.14.0 —
zcash librustzcash < 0.28.0 —
zcash zcash < 6.20.0 —

Affected packages

EcosystemPackageAffectedFixedRecord
crates.io halo2_gadgets < 0.5.0 0.5.0 GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46
crates.io orchard < 0.14.0 0.14.0 GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46
crates.io zcash_primitives < 0.28.0 0.28.0 GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46
crates.io zebrad < 5.0.0 5.0.0 GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46

References