dm-pcache: validate on-media seg_num against the cache device size

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

dm-pcache: validate on-media seg_num against the cache device size

seg_num is read from the crc32c-only superblock, so whoever supplies the
cache device on a table load (CAP_SYS_ADMIN) controls it. It sizes
cache->segments[] and is the value every later on-media segment id is
bounded against, yet it is never checked against the device. Because
cache_dev->mapping is the direct map of the pmem, CACHE_DEV_SEGMENT() for
a segment id past the device resolves to ordinary kernel memory beyond
the mapping; a new-cache init reaching such an id has cache_seg_init() ->
cache_dev_zero_range() memset() 12 KiB over that memory -- an
out-of-bounds write into the kernel heap at table load. A zero seg_num
makes the segment allocations ZERO_SIZE_PTR.

Reject a seg_num that is zero, larger than the device can hold, or larger
than PCACHE_CACHE_SEGS_MAX before it is used.