power: supply: core: prevent unregistering a power supply while a callback runs

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

power: supply: core: prevent unregistering a power supply while a callback runs

Once a power supply is registered, its callbacks can immediately start
firing from other contexts, such as external_power_changed() triggered by
the TCPM stack. If a power supply is unregistered while the callback is
still running, the driver data can already be freed when the callback
tries to access it, leading to a use-after-free.

This happens e.g. when the hardware bus carrying the power supply device
malfunctions (e.g. I2C is hogged down by another malfunctioning device)
immediately after the power supply is registered, and thus the core is
still processing the callbacks which were queued up when the driver
starts the removal, leading in some cases to a kernel crash, e.g.:

[ 11.645942] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000005
[ 11.646751] Mem abort info:
[ 11.647006] ESR = 0x0000000096000004
[ 11.647338] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
[ 11.647806] SET = 0, FnV = 0
[ 11.648077] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
[ 11.648356] FSC = 0x04: level 0 translation fault
[ 11.648785] Data abort info:
[ 11.649041] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004, ISS2 = 0x00000000
[ 11.649524] CM = 0, WnR = 0, TnD = 0, TagAccess = 0
[ 11.649981] GCS = 0, Overlay = 0, DirtyBit = 0
[ 11.650390] [0000000000000005] user address but active_mm is swapper
[ 11.650955] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000004 [#1] SMP
[ 11.651460] Modules linked in:
[ 11.651742] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 144 Comm: kworker/1:2 Not tainted 7.2.0-rc6-g62a9297af2cd #1 PREEMPT
[ 11.652553] Hardware name: Flipper One rev. F0B1C2 (DT)
[ 11.653024] Workqueue: events power_supply_changed_work
[ 11.653511] pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[ 11.654135] pc : __power_supply_is_supplied_by+0x18/0x100
[ 11.654624] lr : __power_supply_am_i_supplied+0x40/0xb8
[ 11.655098] sp : ffff80008192bb30
[ 11.655399] x29: ffff80008192bb30 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: 0000000000000000
[ 11.656049] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: 0000000000000000
[ 11.656695] x23: ffff0000c19f4200 x22: ffffdb2232ba4ea8 x21: ffff80008192bc28
[ 11.657344] x20: ffff0000c1eef000 x19: ffff80008192bc18 x18: 00000000a0886e62
[ 11.657991] x17: 000000040044ffff x16: 04500072b5503510 x15: 0000000000000000
[ 11.658639] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000220 x12: 0000000000000000
[ 11.659286] x11: 0000000000000000 x10: ffff0000c1fdb2b0 x9 : ffffdb2232ba5590
[ 11.659934] x8 : 00000000e5b906e6 x7 : ffff0000c2502778 x6 : ffffdb22339793d0
[ 11.660581] x5 : ffff80008192bc18 x4 : ffff0000c19cbca0 x3 : 0000000000000000
[ 11.661228] x2 : ffff0000c1fdaf40 x1 : ffffffffffffffed x0 : ffff0000c1eef000
[ 11.661878] Call trace:
[ 11.662103] __power_supply_is_supplied_by+0x18/0x100 (P)
[ 11.662596] __power_supply_am_i_supplied+0x40/0xb8
[ 11.663040] psy_for_each_psy_cb+0x20/0x40
[ 11.663416] class_for_each_device+0x110/0x150
[ 11.663825] power_supply_am_i_supplied+0x68/0x100
[ 11.664262] bq257xx_external_power_changed+0x58/0x140
[ 11.664733] __power_supply_changed_work+0x60/0x80
[ 11.665170] psy_for_each_psy_cb+0x20/0x40
[ 11.665545] class_for_each_device+0x110/0x150
[ 11.665953] power_supply_changed_work+0x98/0x1b8
[ 11.666382] process_one_work+0x164/0x4c0
[ 11.666758] worker_thread+0x19c/0x320
[ 11.667104] kthread+0x138/0x150
[ 11.667408] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
[ 11.667744] Code: d503233f a9bd7bfd 910003fd a90153f3 (f9400c34)
[ 11.668294] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

Add a read-write semaphore between external_power_changed() and
power_supply_unregister() to prevent the latter from returning (and thus
the driver from freeing its data) while the callback is still running.