Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
36 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.7
Memory overflow vulnerability leading to Denial of Service
Vulnerability in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway. This issue affects ADC: before 14.1-73.41, before 13.1-64.28, before 14.1-73.41 FIPS, and before 13.1-37.282; Gateway: before 14.1-73.41 and before 13.1-64.28.
KEV Oct 4, 2026 -
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KEV Aug 26, 2026 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 13, 2026 -
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KEV Feb 12, 2026 -
High 8.8
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KEV Dec 12, 2025 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 20, 2026 -
High 8.2
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KEV Jan 17, 2024 -
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KEV May 23, 2022 -
High 7.8
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KEV Mar 30, 2023 -
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KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
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Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
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KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
High 8.8CVE-2020-16013 Exploited
Inappropriate implementation in V8 in CefSharp
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KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
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KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
High 7.8CVE-2018-4344 Exploited
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KEV Jun 27, 2022 -
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KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
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KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
High 7.8
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KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
High 7.8
Microsoft Outlook 2010 SP2, Outlook 2013 SP1 and RT SP1, and Outlook 2016 allow an attacker to execute arbitrary comman…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
High 7.8
Microsoft Office 2010, SharePoint Enterprise Server 2010, SharePoint Server 2010, Web Applications, Office Web Apps Ser…
KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
High 7.8
Linux distributions that have not patched their long-term kernels with https://git.kernel.org/linus/a87938b2e246b81b4fb…
KEV Sep 9, 2024 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
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KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
High 8.8
A vulnerability in the SNMP implementation of could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a reload of the af…
KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
High 8.8
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KEV Apr 19, 2023 -
High 7.8
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KEV Mar 15, 2022 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 28, 2022 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 28, 2022 -
High 8.2
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KEV Mar 15, 2022 -
High 8.8
OleAut32.dll in OLE in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Window…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
High 8.8
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KEV Mar 28, 2022 -
High 7.8
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KEV Mar 28, 2022 -
High 7.5CVE-2012-2034 Exploited
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KEV Mar 28, 2022