Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,676 results · Feed
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Medium 6.3
Turboderp-org ExLlamaV3 hash-MoE routing routing.cu routing_sel_norm_kernel out-of-bounds
A weakness has been identified in Turboderp-org ExLlamaV3 up to 1.6.3. The impacted element is the function routing_sel_norm_kernel of the file exllamav3/exllamav3_ext/routing.cu of the component hash-MoE routing. This manipulation of the argument gate.tid2ei…
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Medium 6.3
Turboderp-org ExLlamaV3 NGramEmbedding ngram.cu ngram_dequant out-of-bounds
A security flaw has been discovered in Turboderp-org ExLlamaV3 up to 1.6.3. The affected element is the function ngram_dequant of the file exllamav3/exllamav3_ext/ngram.cu of the component NGramEmbedding. The manipulation of the argument head_bias results in …
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High 7.5
D-Link DIR-878 HNAP SetWanSettings buffer overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DIR-878 1.20B05. Affected by this vulnerability is the function SetWanSettings of the component HNAP Handler. The manipulation of the argument Primary/Secondary results in buffer overflow. The attack may be launch…
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High 7.5
D-Link DIR-878 HNAP SetWanSettings buffer overflow
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DIR-878 1.20B05. Affected is the function SetWanSettings of the component HNAP Handler. The manipulation of the argument ConfigDNS/Primary/ConfigDNS/Secondary leads to buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remot…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-878 HNAP prog.cgi GetCAPTCHAsetting heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-878 1.20B05. This affects the function GetCAPTCHAsetting of the file bin/prog.cgi of the component HNAP Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument uid results in heap-based buffer overflow. The attack can be ini…
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Critical 9.1
TOTOLINK CA300-PoE cstecgi.cgi UploadCustomModule buffer overflow
A vulnerability was detected in TOTOLINK CA300-PoE 6.2c.884. Affected by this issue is the function UploadCustomModule of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument File results in buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The…
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Critical 9.1
TOTOLINK CA300-PoE cstecgi.cgi setWiFiWdsAddConfig buffer overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in TOTOLINK CA300-PoE 6.2c.884. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setWiFiWdsAddConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument ApCliKeyStr leads to buffer overflow. The attack m…
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Critical 9.1
TOTOLINK CA300-PoE cstecgi.cgi setWiFiMultipleConfig buffer overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK CA300-PoE 6.2c.884. This impacts the function setWiFiMultipleConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument Key1Str1 results in buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated re…
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Critical 10.0
Tenda AC19 saveParentControlInfo heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in Tenda AC19 16.03.10.07. Affected by this issue is the function saveParentControlInfo of the file /goform/saveParentControlInfo. This manipulation of the argument deviceId causes heap-based buffer overflow. The attack is possi…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK CA300-PoE cstecgi.cgi setWiFiBasicConfig buffer overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in TOTOLINK CA300-PoE 6.2c.884. This impacts the function setWiFiBasicConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument KeyStr leads to buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. T…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK CA300-PoE cstecgi.cgi setWanConfig buffer overflow
A weakness has been identified in TOTOLINK CA300-PoE 6.2c.884. This affects the function setWanConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Executing a manipulation of the argument pppoeUser/priDns/secDns can lead to buffer overflow. The attack can be launched re…
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Critical 9.1
TOTOLINK CA300-PoE cstecgi.cgi setLanguageCfg buffer overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK CA300-PoE 6.2c.884. The impacted element is the function setLanguageCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument langType results in buffer overflow. The attack can be initiate…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK CA300-PoE cstecgi.cgi setIpQosRules buffer overflow
A vulnerability was determined in TOTOLINK CA300-PoE 6.2c.884. Impacted is the function setIpQosRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. This manipulation of the argument ipStart causes buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The explo…
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Low 3.3
libyal libvmdk Descriptor File libvmdk_descriptor_file.c libvmdk_descriptor_file_read_header out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was detected in libyal libvmdk. Affected by this vulnerability is the function libvmdk_descriptor_file_read_header of the file libvmdk/libvmdk_descriptor_file.c of the component Descriptor File Parser. The manipulation results in out-of-bounds…
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Low 3.5
libyal libvmdk Extent Data File libvmdk_extent_table.c libvmdk_extent_table_get_extent_data_file_path memory corruption
A security vulnerability has been detected in libyal libvmdk up to 3fdd7839758e9f44ef95e1dfccde8552b860a4fc. Affected is the function libvmdk_extent_table_get_extent_data_file_path of the file libvmdk/libvmdk_extent_table.c of the component Extent Data File H…
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Medium 6.3
OpenPPL ppl.nn CUDA Optimizer opt_graph.cc InitQuantization out-of-bounds
A vulnerability has been found in OpenPPL ppl.nn up to bb84dc9952809b3a5a0036858a3d9f68af1c83d5. The affected element is the function OptGraph::InitQuantization of the file src/ppl/nn/engines/cuda/optimizer/opt_graph.cc of the component CUDA Optimizer. Such m…
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High 7.3
101arrowz fflate index.mjs unzipSync memory corruption
A weakness has been identified in 101arrowz fflate up to 0.8.3. This issue affects the function unzipSync of the file esm/index.mjs. This manipulation causes memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made availabl…
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High 7.5
Linksys E5600 Header upload_fw.cgi init_multipart out-of-bounds write
A security flaw has been discovered in Linksys E5600 1.1.0.26. Affected by this issue is the function init_multipart of the file /cgi-bin/upload_fw.cgi of the component Header Parser. The manipulation results in out-of-bounds write. The attack may be launched…
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Medium 5.3
Linksys E5600 JSON Request mesh_login.cgi strcpy out-of-bounds write
A vulnerability was identified in Linksys E5600 1.1.0.26. Affected by this vulnerability is the function strcpy of the file /cgi-bin/mesh_login.cgi of the component JSON Request Parser. The manipulation of the argument username/password/token/source/cn/action…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK A950RG MAC Filter cstecgi.cgi setMacFilterRules stack-based overflow
A flaw has been found in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5268_B20221104. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setMacFilterRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component MAC Filter Handler. This manipulation of the argument addEffect causes stack-ba…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK A950RG Multi-SSID Configuration cstecgi.cgi delWiFiMultipleConfig stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5268_B20221104. Affected is the function setWiFiMultipleConfig/delWiFiMultipleConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Multi-SSID Configuration. The manipulation of the argument wepkey2/w…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK A950RG Basic Wireless Configuration cstecgi.cgi strcpy stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5268_B20221104. This impacts the function strcpy of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Basic Wireless Configuration Handler. The manipulation of the argument wepkey leads to sta…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK A950RG Easy Setup Wizard cstecgi.cgi setAppEasyWizardConfig stack-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5268_B20221104. This affects the function setAppEasyWizardConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Easy Setup Wizard Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument functionType can l…
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Medium 5.0
IrfanView TIFF Wang Annotation heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in IrfanView 4.76.0.0 on Win64. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component TIFF Wang Annotation Handler. Performing a manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow. The attack is possible to b…
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Critical 9.6
Memory corruption in GPU in Google Chrome on on Android prior to 157.0.8103.38 allowed a remote attacker to potentially…
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Critical 9.6
Memory corruption in ANGLE in Google Chrome on on Android prior to 157.0.8103.38 allowed a remote attacker to potential…
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Medium 6.5
Authenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability Leads to Denial-of-Service in HPE Networking VIA
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in HPE Networking VIA that could allow an authenticated low-privileged local user to cause a denial of service. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to interrupt the normal operation of the affected system.
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High 8.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Block and Inline component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Block and Inline component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159.0.1.
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Medium 6.7
In is_valid_header of timed_cache_item.c, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This c…
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Medium 6.2
In deserialize of legacy.rs, there is a possible denial of service due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to lo…
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Medium 4.0
In isValid of ShimConverter.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead …
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High 8.4
In multiple locations, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local …
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High 7.5
In multiple functions of ipphelper.c, there is a possible stack bugger overflow due to a missing bounds check. This cou…
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High 8.4
In __pkvm_load_tracing of trace.c, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could…
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High 7.3
VStarcam O-KAM SuperIPCam P2P Session Teardown SuperIPCam.exe FUN_005a2d44 use after free
A vulnerability was determined in VStarcam O-KAM SuperIPCam 1.3.3.32. Affected by this issue is the function FUN_005a2d44 of the file SuperIPCam.exe of the component P2P Session Teardown. This manipulation causes use after free. The attack can be initiated re…
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High 7.3
VStarcam O-KAM Client DevDll_925.dll FUN_10003EA0 stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in VStarcam O-KAM Client 1.3.3.32. Affected by this vulnerability is the function FUN_10003EA0 in the library DevDll_925.dll. The manipulation results in stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The …
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Critical 10.0
Linksys E8450 portal.cgi strcpy stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Linksys E8450 1.2.00.360516. Affected is the function strcpy of the file /www/cgi-bin/portal.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument hidden_timezone leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. Th…
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WN536AX6-A OpenVPN protocol.csp strcpy stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in WAVLINK WN536AX6-A V260507. This affects the function strcpy of the file /protocol.csp of the component OpenVPN Handler. The manipulation of the argument openvpn_ip results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be launche…
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High 7.5
Ruijie RG-ES205GC Local Firmware Upgrade httpupg.cgi buffer overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Ruijie RG-ES205GC, RG-ES206GC-P, RG-ES208GC, RG-ES210GC-LP and RG-ES210GS-P ESW_1.0(1)B1P48. Impacted is an unknown function of the file httpupg.cgi of the component Local Firmware Upgrade Interface. The manipulation leads to…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-120232 Public exploit
Horizon DataSys Reboot Restore Standard Kernel Driver shield.sys sub_23908 memory corruption
A vulnerability was identified in Horizon DataSys Reboot Restore Standard up to 13.2. The impacted element is the function sub_23908 in the library shield.sys of the component Kernel Driver. Such manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can only be…