Weakness (CWE)
CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Source: MITRE CWE-120
3,303 results · Feed
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Critical 9.8
slpd-lite unauthenticated memory corruption
slpd-lite is a unicast SLP UDP server. Any OpenBMC system that includes the slpd-lite package is impacted. Installing this package is the default when building OpenBMC. Nefarious users can send slp packets to the BMC using UDP port 427 to cause memory overflo…
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Medium 6.3
TOTOLINK CA300-PoE cstecgi.cgi loginauth buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK CA300-PoE 6.2c.884. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function loginauth of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument password leads to buffer overflow. The attack can …
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A7000R cstecgi.cgi setWizardCfg buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK A7000R 9.1.0u.6268_B20220504. Affected is the function setWizardCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument ssid leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to la…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A7000R cstecgi.cgi loginauth buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK A7000R 9.1.0u.6268_B20220504. This issue affects the function loginauth of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument password leads to buffer overflow. The att…
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Medium 6.5
A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.6. An app m…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi UploadCustomModule buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function UploadCustomModule of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument File leads to buffer overflow.…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setWiFiAclAddConfig buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function setWiFiAclAddConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument comment leads to buffer overflow. It is p…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setWebWlanIdx buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function setWebWlanIdx of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument webWlanIdx leads to buffer overflow. The at…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setUrlFilterRules buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setUrlFilterRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument url leads to buffer overfl…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setUploadSetting buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. Affected is the function setUploadSetting of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument FileName leads to buffer overflow. It is possi…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setUpgradeFW buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. This issue affects the function setUpgradeFW of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument FileName leads to buffer overflow. The…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setPortForwardRules buffer overflow
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. This affects the function setPortForwardRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument comment leads to buffer overflow. It is possible …
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setParentalRules buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function setParentalRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument startTime/endTime leads to buffer ov…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setMacQos buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setMacQos of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument priority/macAddress leads to buf…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setLanguageCfg buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function setLanguageCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument langType leads to buffer overflow. It is possib…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setIpQosRules buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function setIpQosRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument comment leads to buffer overflow. The attack may b…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi setdeviceName buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. This affects the function setdeviceName of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument deviceMac/deviceName leads to buffer overflow. I…
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High 7.5
Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Tenda AC10 v4 US_AC10V4.0si_V16.03.10.20_cn allows a remote attacker to execute arbitr…
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High 7.5
Buffer Overflow vulnerability in host-host NEUQ_board v.1.0 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via t…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R cstecgi.cgi loginauth buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. Affected by this issue is the function loginauth of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument password/http_host leads to buffer…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3600R getSaveConfig buffer overflow
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. Affected by this vulnerability is the function getSaveConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi?action=save&setting. The manipulation of the argument http_host leads to …
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A3100R getSaveConfig buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3100R 4.1.2cu.5050_B20200504. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function getSaveConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi?action=save&setting. The manipulation of the argument http_host leads to buffer o…
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Critical 9.8
Tenda FH1201 v1.2.0.14 was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability via the mitInterface param…
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High 8.4
Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Assimp versions prior to 5.4.2 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary…
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Critical 9.8
Tenda AC18 V15.03.3.10_EN was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability via the deviceId parame…
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Medium 5.3
Shenzhen Libituo Technology Co., Ltd LBT-T300-T400 v3.2 were discovered to contain a stack overflow via the pin_3g_code…
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Critical 9.8
open5gs v2.6.4 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow. via /lib/core/abts.c.
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Critical 9.8
Certain HP PC products using AMI BIOS – Buffer Overflow
A potential security vulnerability has been identified in certain HP PC products using AMI BIOS, which might allow arbitrary code execution. AMI has released firmware updates to mitigate this vulnerability.
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Critical 9.8
A vulnerability in /goform/SetStaticRouteCfg in the sub_519F4 function in Tenda AX1806 1.0.0.1 firmware leads to stack-…
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Medium 6.5
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: Receipt of a large RPKI-RTR PDU packet can cause rpd to crash
A Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to send specific RPKI-RTR packets resulting in a cr…
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Medium 6.5
Junos OS Evolved: ACX7000 Series: When multicast traffic with a specific (S,G) is received evo-pfemand crashes
A Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input vulnerability in the PFE management daemon (evo-pfemand) of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved on ACX7000 Series allows an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS).When multicast traffi…
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Medium 6.8
An issue was discovered on Renesas SmartBond DA14691, DA14695, DA14697, and DA14699 devices. The bootrom function respo…
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High 7.5
Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 128, Firefox ESR 115.13, Thunderbird 128, and Thunderbird 115.13
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 127, Firefox ESR 115.12, and Thunderbird 115.12. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerabi…
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High 8.6
Firebox Authenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
A buffer overflow in WatchGuard Fireware OS could may allow an authenticated remote attacker with privileged management access to execute arbitrary code with system privileges on the firewall. This issue affects Fireware OS: from 11.9.6 through 12.10.3.
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Medium 6.5
Shenzhen Libituo Technology Co., Ltd LBT-T300-T400 v3.2 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the ApCliSsid p…
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Medium 6.2
zerovec-derive incorrectly uses `#[repr(packed)]`
The affected versions make unsafe memory accesses under the assumption that `#[repr(packed)]` has a guaranteed field order. The Rust specification does not guarantee this, and https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/125360 (1.80.0-beta) starts reordering field…
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Medium 6.2
zerovec incorrectly uses `#[repr(packed)]`
The affected versions make unsafe memory accesses under the assumption that `#[repr(packed)]` has a guaranteed field order. The Rust specification does not guarantee this, and https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/125360 (1.80.0-beta) starts reordering field…
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Medium 6.7
Buffer overflow in Rensas RCAR
Buffer overflow in "rcar_dev_init" due to using due to using untrusted data (rcar_image_number) as a loop counter before verifying it against RCAR_MAX_BL3X_IMAGE. This could lead to a full bypass of secure boot.
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High 7.5
Buffer Overflow Arbitrary Write
Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in Renesas arm-trusted-firmware allows Local Execution of Code. This vulnerability is associated with program files https://github.Com/renesas-rcar/arm-trusted-firmware/blob/…
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High 7.5
Buffer Overflow vulnerability in SILA Embedded Solutions GmbH freemodbus v.2018-09-12 allows a remtoe attacker to cause…