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Weakness (CWE)

CWE-121: Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Variant Draft

The product writes past the end of a buffer that was allocated on the stack.

How to prevent it (5 mitigations)

  1. Operation, Build and Compilation

    Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.

    D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.

  2. Architecture and Design

    Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

  3. Implementation

    Implement and perform bounds checking on input.

  4. Implementation

    Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.

  5. Operation, Build and Compilation

    Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.

    Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.

    For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].

Source: MITRE CWE-121

All Critical High Medium Low Exploited only Public exploit

10 results · Clear filters · Feed

  • High 7.7
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  • Critical 9.6
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  • Critical 9.0
    CVE-2025-22457 Exploited · Ransomware Public exploit EPSS 100%

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  • Critical 9.0
    CVE-2025-0282 Exploited · Ransomware Public exploit EPSS 100%

    A stack-based buffer overflow in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.5, Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.…

    ivanti Connect Secure Policy Secure Neurons for ZTA gateways Network devices
    KEV Jan 8, 2025
  • Critical 10.0
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    KEV Mar 3, 2022
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2021-20038 Exploited · Ransomware Public exploit EPSS 100%

    A Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in SMA100 Apache httpd server's mod_cgi module environment variables allows…

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    KEV Jan 28, 2022
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2020-5735 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 36%

    Amcrest cameras and NVR are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow over port 37777. An authenticated remote attack…

    KEV Nov 3, 2021
  • High 8.4
    CVE-2013-2597 Exploited Public exploit

    Stack-based buffer overflow in the acdb_ioctl function in audio_acdb.c in the acdb audio driver for the Linux kernel 2.…

    KEV Sep 15, 2022
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2008-0015 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 77%

    Stack-based buffer overflow in the CComVariant::ReadFromStream function in the Active Template Library (ATL), as used i…

    KEV Feb 17, 2026
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2009-0927 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 97%

    Stack-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Adobe Acrobat 9 before 9.1, 8 before 8.1.3 , and 7 before 7.1.1 allows …

    KEV Mar 25, 2022