Weakness (CWE)
CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Source: MITRE CWE-125
2,117 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
High 8.7
odhcpd DHCPv6 Short IA_NA/IA_PD Body Stack Disclosure
odhcpd is the DHCPv6, DHCPv4, and router-advertisement server used by OpenWrt. From version 17.01.0 to before version 25.12.3, odhcpd's DHCPv6 IA parser accepts an IA_NA or IA_PD option whose body is shorter than struct dhcpv6_ia_hdr, casts the option header …
-
High 7.1
Open-iscsi: open-iscsi: ipv6 neighbor discovery missing option length validation in iscsiuio allows arp table poisoning
A flaw was found in the iscsiuio component of open-iscsi. The IPv6 Neighbor Discovery handler accesses link-layer address options at a fixed offset without verifying the packet contains them. Additionally, the ARP table is updated unconditionally with attacke…
-
High 7.6
Open-iscsi: open-iscsi: dhcpv4 option parser heap out-of-bounds read in iscsiuio parse_msg
A flaw was found in the iscsiuio component of open-iscsi. The DHCPv4 option parser incorrectly calculates the length of the options data, causing it to read beyond the allocated buffer into adjacent heap memory. An attacker on the same network segment can sen…
-
High 7.1
Pillow: Heap over-read in WMF/EMF rendering via 16-bit dimension truncation (Windows builds)
Pillow is a Python imaging library. Prior to 13.0.0 on Windows, src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py passes unchecked 32-bit WMF or EMF dimensions to the native drawwmf handler in src/display.c. The handler sizes a DIB allocation from 16-bit-truncated bcWidth and bcHeig…
-
High 7.5
Out-of-bounds Read in ntpsec
Out-of-bounds read in NTS extension field parsing in NTPsec ntpd 1.1.4 through 1.2.5 allows a remote attacker to crash the daemon via an NTS Authenticator and Encrypted Extension Fields (AEEF) field with an oversized nonce length.
-
High 7.5
Apache bRPC: Out-of-bounds Read in Multi-stream RPC Response Handling
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the streaming RPC client of Apache bRPC (versions 1.11.0 through 1.17.0) on all platforms. A client that creates multiple streams in a single RPC expects the server response to carry exactly one extra_stream_id f…
-
High 7.5
Apache bRPC: Out-of-bounds Read in URL and Header Lookup Tables on Unsigned-char Platforms
Out-of-bounds reads in URL parsing and case-insensitive header lookup in Apache bRPC before version 1.18.0 on platforms where plain char is unsigned, such as ARM64, allow remote attackers to cause a process crash and denial of service by sending crafted input…
-
High 7.5
Apache bRPC: Integer Underflow and Out-of-Bounds Read in HTTP/2 DATA Frame Parser
Integer underflow and out-of-bounds read in the HTTP/2 server DATA frame parser in Apache bRPC allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause denial of service by sending a malformed DATA frame with the PADDED flag set and a zero-length payload. Root Caus…
-
High 8.7
JITServer: Multiple Denial of Service vulnerabilities via out-of-bounds heap reads during message and reply parsing
In Eclipse OpenJ9 versions up to 0.63.0, the JITServer component is vulnerable to denial of service due to improper boundary checks during protocol message and reply handling. An unauthenticated remote attacker or malicious JITServer can transmit malformed ne…
-
High 8.7
JITServer: Pre-authentication remote crash via integer underflow and out-of-bounds heap read in DataDescriptor deserialization
In Eclipse OpenJ9 versions prior to 0.63.0, the JITServer component fails to perform cross-field validation on attacker-controlled `_size`, `_paddingSize`, and `_dataOffset` fields during `DataDescriptor` message deserialization. An unauthenticated remote att…
-
High 8.2
IBM QRadar SIEM Out-of-bounds Read
IBM QRadar SIEM 7.6.0.0 through 7.6.0.4, and 7.5.0 through 7.5.0 Update Package 16 Interim Fix 001 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service or obtain sensitive information due to an out-of-bounds read.
-
High 8.8
Out of bounds read in ANGLE in Google Chrome on on Android prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to read mem…
-
High 8.8
Out of bounds read in ANGLE in Google Chrome on on Mac prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to read memory …
-
High 8.8
Out of bounds read in ANGLE in Google Chrome on on Windows prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to read mem…
-
High 8.5
Cortex-A7 module data validation checks only the first address of a caller-supplied range
The Cortex-A7 MMU Modules port validates a caller-supplied buffer by translating **one address** — the first byte. The common Module Manager hands its range check the module instance, the start address and the complete byte size; the Cortex-A7 implementation …
-
High 8.7
Out-of-bounds Read via the TLS 1.3 Certificate extensions_length in NetX Secure
A missing bounds check in the TLS 1.3 Certificate-message parser of NetX Secure lets a malicious TLS 1.3 server trigger an unsigned-integer underflow and a subsequent heap out-of-bounds read in any peer that processes a remote Certificate message. It is reach…
-
High 8.7
Out-of-bounds Read via a Zero-length TLS 1.3 Certificate Message in NetX Secure
The TLS 1.3 Certificate-message parser in NetX Secure decrements the message length to skip a context byte without first establishing that the message has a byte to skip. A zero-length Certificate message therefore wraps the unsigned length to `0xFFFFFFFF`, w…
-
High 8.4
PNG decoder: a duplicate IHDR chunk after IDAT resizes the image after allocation, causing a heap out-of-bounds write
The PNG chunk reader has no notion of chunk ordering. It records whether an IDAT has been seen and whether a tRNS has already supplied transparency, but nothing prevents an IHDR being read a second time. A PNG carries exactly one IHDR and it is the first chun…
-
High 8.8
Pillow: TIFF encoder ColorMap plane-size mismatch causes a heap out-of-bounds read
Pillow is a Python imaging library. Prior to 13.0.0, Pillow's TIFF encoder can read beyond a ColorMap buffer when retained TIFF metadata has a plane size inconsistent with BitsPerSample. A small TIFF can be opened normally and then retain a crafted ColorMap t…
-
High 8.8
Pillow: OOB read in TiffDecode.c tile and RGBA paths leaks heap memory into pixels
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 8.1.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow's TIFF tile and RGBA decode paths can read beyond row data produced by libtiff. In _decodeTile and the RGBA unpacker path, when Pillow and libtiff interpret duplicated PhotometricInterpretati…
-
High 7.1
Gimp: gimp: heap out-of-bounds read in xcf text-layer parasite parsing
A flaw was found in GIMP. Opening a crafted XCF with a malformed text-layer parasite can cause a heap out-of-bounds read, disclosing adjacent heap data into layer text and causing denial of service.
-
High 8.8
Numeric truncation in the MPU buffer authorization check in FreeRTOS-Kernel
Numeric truncation of the buffer length in the MPU buffer authorization check in FreeRTOS-Kernel V11.3.0 and V11.3.1 on the Arm Cortex-R82 (Armv8-R AArch64) MPU port might allow, under certain conditions, an unprivileged task on MPU-enabled builds to read or …
-
High 8.7
libIEC61850: Infinite loop and out-of-bounds read in ACSE parseUserInformation when parsing a malformed AARE PDU
libIEC61850 is an open-source implementation of IEC 61850 client and server protocols including MMS, GOOSE, Sampled Values, and R-Session. Prior to 1.6.2, parseUserInformation in src/mms/iso_acse/acse.c checks len for zero before validating the negative bufPo…
-
High 8.2
libIEC61850: Server-side out-of-bounds stack read in association-specific dynamic dataset creation due to reversed StringUtils_copyStringToBuffer arguments
libIEC61850 is an open-source implementation of IEC 61850 client and server protocols including MMS, GOOSE, Sampled Values, and R-Session. Prior to 1.6.2, checkDataSetAccess reverses the source and destination arguments to StringUtils_copyStringToBuffer while…
-
High 7.5
gomarkdown/markdown IsSafeURL panics on short URLs
The package github.com/gomarkdown/markdown is a Go library for parsing Markdown text and rendering as HTML. Prior to 0.0.0-20260724235538-61af6e1e6971, parser.IsSafeURL in parser/parser.go slices url[:nPath] before the len(url) >= nPath guard. A short destina…
-
High 7.0
ISPSoft Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Delta ISPSoft.
-
High 7.0
ISPSoft Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Delta ISPSoft.
-
High 7.5
An issue was discovered in GStreamer gst-plugins-good before 1.28.2. While parsing an MP4 file, the isomp4 plugin's qtd…
-
High 7.5
CVE-2026-101290
A remote attacker may send a specially crafted network packet that causes the affected application to perform an out-of-bounds memory read due to insufficient validation of packet length. This may result in an application crash and a denial-of-service conditi…
-
High 7.0
Memory safety bugs in kqueue copy-on-fork implementation
kqueue_fork_copy_knote() indexed into the child's file descriptor table using a knote's file descriptor number without a bounds check. Because the child's table is copied before knotes are transferred, a concurrent thread in the parent could grow the parent's…
-
High 7.1
HPE NonStop EXPAND - Buffer Overflow vulnerability
A security vulnerability in HPE NonStop EXPAND may cause out-of-bounds memory read resulting in buffer overflow.
-
High 7.3
OpenSIPS rtpproxy rtpproxy_answer out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was determined in OpenSIPS up to 3.6.8/4.0.1. The impacted element is the function rtpproxy_offer/rtpproxy_answer of the component rtpproxy. This manipulation causes out-of-bounds read. The attack may be initiated remotely. Upgrading to versio…
-
High 8.8
Mongoose: ppp_handle_ipv6cp() uses attacker-controlled length without bounds check — OOB read and heap overflow (PPP/PPPoE, MG_ENABLE_IPV6)
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Prior to 7.23, ppp_handle_ipv6cp() in src/l2_ppp.c trusts the 16-bit IPv6CP len field without checking it against the received payload size. On a PPP or PPPoE link using MG_ENABLE_TCPIP and MG_ENABLE_IPV…
-
High 7.5
Mongoose: handle_opt() missing opts[1] > len check — 1-byte OOB read corrupts TCP MSS, silences mg_send() per connection
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Prior to 7.23, the built-in TCP/IP stack enabled by MG_ENABLE_TCPIP in src/net_builtin.c does not reject a TCP option whose declared opts[1] length exceeds the remaining option bytes. In handle_opt(), a …
-
High 7.5
Mongoose: Out-of-bounds Read via length-counter underflow in built-in TLS X.509 DER parser
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Prior to 7.23, the built-in TLS certificate parser selected by MG_TLS_BUILTIN fails to verify that a long-form DER element length fits within the remaining certificate buffer. In mg_der_to_tlv() and mg_d…
-
High 7.5
Mongoose: Unauthenticated remote heap out-of-bounds read in built-in TLS: off-by-one length check in mg_tls_recv_record() underflows recv_len to SIZE_MAX
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Prior to 7.23, the built-in TLS stack selected by MG_TLS_BUILTIN in src/tls_builtin.c accepts a TLS 1.3 record whose decrypted size is exactly the 16-byte authentication tag with no plaintext or ContentT…
-
High 8.7
Out-of-bounds read via an empty signature BIT STRING in NetX Secure X.509 parsing
In Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo versions up to and including 6.5.2.202603, the NetX Secure X.509 parser accepts a certificate whose signature is an empty BIT STRING and records a signature length of 0xFFFFFFFF. A remote peer can present such a certificate during …
-
High 7.1
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: An attacker causes denial of service and information disclosure when Ethernet CFM is enabled
An Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in the cfmd process of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated adjacent-network attacker to crash the daemon and disclose limited process memory via a specific CFM Message sent to a configur…
-
High 7.1
Out-of-bounds read and net_buf length underflow in Zephyr Ethernet L2 when parsing a truncated VLAN header
ethernet_recv() in subsys/net/l2/ethernet/ethernet.c validates only that the first net_buf of a received frame holds a plain 14-byte struct net_eth_hdr. When the ethertype is 0x8100 and VLAN is enabled on the interface, the same buffer is reinterpreted as the…
-
High 7.1
An integer underflow in OpenVPN version 2.7_alpha3 through 2.7.7 on Windows and Android allows remote authenticated ser…