Weakness (CWE)
CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
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Architecture and Design
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Source: MITRE CWE-125
2,837 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
MZ Automation lib60870 Out-of-bounds Read
A crafted IEC 60870-5-104 I-frame with a declared object count exceeding what fits in the ASDU body causes InformationObject_ParseObjectAddress to read one byte past the end of the heap-allocated message buffer.
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Medium 6.5
MZ Automation libiec61850 Out-of-bounds Read
The GOOSE subscriber component improperly validates the UTC timestamp field in unauthenticated IEC 61850 GOOSE (EtherType 0x88B8) Layer-2 multicast messages. A specially crafted GOOSE frame containing an undersized timestamp field can trigger a heap out-of-bo…
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Medium 6.5
MZ Automation libiec61850 Out-of-bounds Read
The GOOSE parser contains an off-by-one boundary-handling flaw that can be triggered by a single unauthenticated Layer-2 multicast frame on the process bus. When specific GOOSE message fields are processed, the parser advances its internal buffer position inc…
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Medium 6.5
MZ Automation libiec61850 Out-of-bounds Read
The MMS BER decoder contains a boundary-handling flaw in the processing of certain fields within confirmed-request messages. When a crafted BER-encoded element is received over an established MMS session (TCP port 102), the decoder may advance its internal re…
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Medium 6.5
MZ Automation libiec61850 Out-of-bounds Read
The MMS BER decoder contains a flaw in decoding fixed-width BER fields (boolean/integer): an attacker-supplied length value is not validated, causing a read past the end of a heap buffer. This leads to termination of the MMS service process and a denial-of-se…
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Medium 6.5
MZ Automation libiec61850 Out-of-bounds Read
The GOOSE payload parser contains a boundary handling flaw that can be triggered by a single unauthenticated Layer 2 multicast frame on the process bus. When processing specific payload fields, an attacker controlled inner element length may exceed its enclos…
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Medium 6.5
MZ Automation libiec61850 Out-of-bounds Read
The MMS server connection handler contains a flaw in its processing of BER-encoded request data. When an MMS confirmed request PDU containing an extended BER tag is received over an established session, the decoder may advance its internal buffer incorrectly …
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Medium 6.5
MZ Automation libiec61850 Out-of-bounds Read
The ACSE layer contains a flaw in the processing of AARQ PDUs during MMS connection establishment. When parsing certain fields within the calling AP title, an attacker controlled length value of zero or one may cause the parser to read past the end of a heap …
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Medium 5.3
GoAccess: Out-of-bounds heap read in parse_ios() via crafted User-Agent leads to remote crash/DoS
GoAccess is a real-time web log analyzer and interactive viewer that runs in a terminal in *nix systems or through the browser. Prior to 1.11, the parse_ios() function uses an attacker-controlled keyword-to-OS offset as both the source offset and copy length …
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Medium 5.7
re2: Out-of-bounds heap read in `exec`/`test`/`match` via attacker-influenced `lastIndex` on a non-ASCII subject → uncatchable process crash (DoS)
re2 provides Node.js bindings for Google's RE2 regular expression engine. Prior to 1.25.2, re2 validates lastIndex against the UTF-8 byte length of a subject but uses it as a UTF-16 code-unit offset in exec, test, match, replace, and split, allowing an attack…
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Medium 6.0
A use-after-free in OpenVPN 2.6.0 through 2.6.20 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.4 allows remote authenticated peers to pote…
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Medium 5.1
The Windows interactive service in OpenVPN 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.4 allows remote attackers to cause persistent DNS sta…
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Medium 5.3
Samba: kpasswd service: kpasswd packet that contains malformed asn.1 might cause the server to access 6 bytes of unallocated memory leading server to crash
An out-of-bounds read flaw was found in Samba's Kerberos Key Distribution Center's (KDC) password change (kpasswd) service. When processing malformed ASN.1-encoded Kerberos password change request, Samba server miscalculates the structure size and attempts to…
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Medium 6.5
Pcp: pcp: remote denial of service and information leakage
A flaw was found in the PCP (Performance Co-Pilot) `pmproxy` service. A remote attacker can exploit a vulnerability in the `pmLogLoadInDom()` function by sending a specially crafted request. This bypasses a critical bounds check, which can lead to the `pmprox…
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Medium 4.3
Out of bounds read in WebGL in Google Chrome prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of boun…
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Medium 5.8
Out of bounds read in Media in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a remote attacker who had compromise…
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Medium 5.8
Out of bounds read in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the re…
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Medium 5.3
ImageMagick: Heap Buffer Over-Read in BGR decoder due to mising end-of-file check
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions prior to 7.1.2-27, the BGR decoder does not check for an end-of-file in every location so a crafted image could result in an heap buffer over-read. This…
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Medium 5.5
DWG or DXF File Parsing Out-of-Bounds Read in Autodesk AutoCAD
A maliciously crafted DWG or DXF file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability. A malicious actor can leverage this vulnerability to cause a crash or disclose sensitive information.
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Medium 6.1
DWG or DXF File Parsing Out-of-Bounds Read in Autodesk AutoCAD
A maliciously crafted DWG or DXF file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability. A malicious actor can leverage this vulnerability to cause a crash or disclose sensitive information.
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Medium 6.5
Apache Traffic Server: Out-of-bounds reads while parsing DNS responses
Apache Traffic Server reads out of bounds while parsing DNS answers. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 8.0.0 through 8.1.11, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.14, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.3. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.15 or 10.1.4, whic…
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Medium 6.1
pglogical's apply worker does not sufficiently validate the length of certain fields in incoming replication protocol m…
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Medium 6.1
buffer overruns in libfsimage iso9660 handling
[This CNA information record relates to multiple CVEs; the text explains which aspects/vulnerabilities correspond to which CVE.] The directory and Rock Ridge / SUSP walk in libfsimage's iso9660 driver derives several lengths directly from attacker-controlled …
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, …
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Medium 5.0
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8…
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Medium 5.5
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6, mac…
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Medium 4.6
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6, mac…
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, iOS 27 an…
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Medium 5.5
HDF5 SOHM List Index Heap Buffer Overflow
Heap-based buffer overflow in the SOHM list-index deserialization code in HDF5 through 2.1.1 on all platforms allows attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted HDF5 file whose shared-message list index declares a num_messages count exceeding…
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Medium 5.6
Binutils: gnu binutils: heap-buffer-overflow in linker leads to information disclosure and denial of service
A flaw was found in the GNU Binutils (Binary Utilities) linker. This vulnerability, a heap-buffer-overflow read (CWE-125), occurs when the linker processes a specially crafted 32-bit XCOFF (Extended Common Object File Format) object file. An attacker could ex…
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Medium 6.9
Apache Thrift: c_glib heap out-of-bounds read in transport leftover-bytes path
Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Apache Thrift c_glib bindings. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.24.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.24.0, which fixes the issue.
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Medium 6.5
Libsoup: libsoup: heap buffer over-read via integer underflow in soup_filter_input_stream_read_until()
A flaw was found in libsoup. An unsigned integer underflow in the soup_filter_input_stream_read_until() function causes a heap buffer over-read when parsing multipart HTTP responses. A malicious HTTP server can exploit this by sending a crafted multipart resp…
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Medium 4.6
Out‑of‑bounds Read in GNU coreutils
GNU coreutils uniq is vulnerable to an out‑of‑bounds read due to incorrect handling of multibyte input when the -w (--check-chars) option is used. The find_field() function miscalculates the byte length of characters by repeatedly processing a fixed pointer i…
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Medium 5.3
Gdk-pixbuf: out-of-bounds read in ico parser
A flaw was found in gdk-pixbuf. When parsing a specially crafted ICO file with pixel values that exceed the defined palette range, an out-of-bounds read can occur due to improper bounds checking against the actual palette size. This vulnerability causes heap …
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Medium 4.3
Sbc: sbc: heap out-of-bounds read via crafted sbc audio frame
A flaw was found in the sbc library (BlueZ SBC codec). An off-by-one error in the SBC frame decoder allows a crafted audio payload to trigger a one-byte heap out-of-bounds read. This could allow an adjacent attacker streaming Bluetooth audio to read a single …
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Medium 6.1
libheif Has Heap Buffer Overflow in `Track::get_next_sample_raw_data()` -- OOB Chunk Vector Access
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to version 1.22.0, `Track::init_sample_timing_table()` in `libheif/sequences/track.cc` stores an out-of-bounds chunk index (`m_chunks.size()`) into `m_presentation_timeline` when the number of …
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Medium 6.8
libheif has an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-3949: integer overflow bypass in vvdec_push_data2
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. The fix for CVE-2026-3949 (commit `b97c8b5`, PR #1712) introduced an integer overflow in the very security check it added. The check itself can be bypassed, allowing a crafted HEIF file with a VVC tr…
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Medium 6.9
libde265 has a heap buffer overflow (OOB read) in decode_slice_unit_WPP() via out-of-bounds CtbAddrRStoTS access — libde265 <= v1.0.18
libde265 is an open source implementation of the h.265 video codec. Versions prior to 1.0.19 have a heap buffer overflow (out-of-bounds READ) exists in `decoder_context::decode_slice_unit_WPP()` in `libde265/decctx.cc`. When decoding a WPP (Wavefront Parallel…
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Medium 6.9
libde265 has a heap-buffer-overflow READ in decode_slice_unit_tiles via unvalidated PPS tile geometry
libde265 is an open source implementation of the h.265 video codec. Prior to version 1.0.19, `decoder_context::decode_slice_unit_tiles` (libde265/decctx.cc:920) reads `pps.CtbAddrRStoTS[ctbAddrRS]` at line 966 where `ctbAddrRS = ctbY * ctbsWidth + ctbX` is co…
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Medium 6.3
Data::RoaringBitmap::Shared versions before 0.02 for Perl allow an out-of-bounds read via an unvalidated container offset and cardinality in rb_contains_locked
Data::RoaringBitmap::Shared versions before 0.02 for Perl allow an out-of-bounds read via an unvalidated container offset and cardinality in rb_contains_locked. The attach-time validator rb_validate_header checks the header scalars and region layout against t…