Weakness (CWE)
CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Source: MITRE CWE-125
6,278 results · Feed
-
Medium 6.7
PJSIP: SIP Multipart CID URI Length Underflow
PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C. In 2.16 and earlier, there is an out-of-bounds read when parsing a malformed Content-ID URI in SIP multipart message body. Insufficient length validation can cause reads beyond the…
-
Low 1.7
rust-openssl: Out-of-bounds read in PEM password callback when user callback returns an oversized length
rust-openssl provides OpenSSL bindings for the Rust programming language. From 0.9.0 to before 0.10.78, the *_from_pem_callback APIs did not validate the length returned by the user's callback. A password callback that returns a value larger than the buffer i…
-
Medium 4.3
OpenPrinting CUPS: Heap out-of-bounds read in SNMP supply-level polling leaks stack memory to authenticated users
OpenPrinting CUPS is an open source printing system for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. Prior to 2.4.17, a network-adjacent attacker can send a crafted SNMP response to the CUPS SNMP backend that causes an out-of-bounds read of up to 176 bytes pa…
-
High 8.2
rxrpc: Fix buffer overread in rxgk_do_verify_authenticator()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rxrpc: Fix buffer overread in rxgk_do_verify_authenticator() Fix rxgk_do_verify_authenticator() to check the buffer size before checking the nonce.
-
High 8.1
smb: client: fix OOB reads parsing symlink error response
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb: client: fix OOB reads parsing symlink error response When a CREATE returns STATUS_STOPPED_ON_SYMLINK, smb2_check_message() returns success without any length validation, leaving the syml…
-
High 8.7CVE-2026-33317 Public exploit
OP-TEE: PKCS#11 TA out-of-bounds read and memory disclosure
OP-TEE is a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) designed as companion to a non-secure Linux kernel running on Arm; Cortex-A cores using the TrustZone technology. In versions 3.13.0 through 4.10.0, missing checks in `entry_get_attribute_value()` in `ta/pkcs11/…
-
Medium 6.8
SWUpdate Integer Underflow in Multipart Upload Parser
SWUpdate contains an integer underflow vulnerability in the multipart upload parser in mongoose_multipart.c that allows unauthenticated attackers to cause a denial of service by sending a crafted HTTP POST request to /upload with a malformed multipart boundar…
-
Critical 9.6
Out of bounds read in GPU in Google Chrome on Android prior to 147.0.7727.117 allowed a remote attacker who had comprom…
-
High 7.8
Xorg: xwayland: x.org x server: information exposure and denial of service via out-of-bounds memory access
A flaw was found in the X.Org X server's XKB key types request validation. A local attacker could send a specially crafted request to the X server, leading to an out-of-bounds memory access vulnerability. This could result in the disclosure of sensitive infor…
-
High 8.1
Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix stack-out-of-bounds read in l2cap_ecred_conn_req
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix stack-out-of-bounds read in l2cap_ecred_conn_req Syzbot reported a KASAN stack-out-of-bounds read in l2cap_build_cmd() that is triggered by a malformed Enhanced Credit B…
-
High 7.1
virt: tdx-guest: Fix handling of host controlled 'quote' buffer length
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: virt: tdx-guest: Fix handling of host controlled 'quote' buffer length Validate host controlled value `quote_buf->out_len` that determines how many bytes of the quote are copied out to guest …
-
High 8.1
scsi: ibmvfc: Fix OOB access in ibmvfc_discover_targets_done()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: ibmvfc: Fix OOB access in ibmvfc_discover_targets_done() A malicious or compromised VIO server can return a num_written value in the discover targets MAD response that exceeds max_targe…
-
High 7.8
ext4: validate p_idx bounds in ext4_ext_correct_indexes
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: validate p_idx bounds in ext4_ext_correct_indexes ext4_ext_correct_indexes() walks up the extent tree correcting index entries when the first extent in a leaf is modified. Before access…
-
Medium 4.8
Out-of-bounds read in cache inspection via Lua
A cached crafted response can cause an out-of-bounds read if custom Lua code calls getDomainListByAddress() or getAddressListByDomain() on a packet cache.
-
Low 3.1
Out-of-bounds read in service discovery
A rogue backend can send a crafted SVCB response to a Discovery of Designated Resolvers request, when requested via either the autoUpgrade (Lua) option to newServer or auto_upgrade (YAML) settings. DDR upgrade is not enabled by default.
-
High 7.5
github.com/gomarkdown/markdown: Out-of-bounds Read in SmartypantsRenderer
The package `github.com/gomarkdown/markdown` is a Go library for parsing Markdown text and rendering as HTML. Processing a malformed input containing a < character that is not followed by a > character anywhere in the remaining text with a SmartypantsRenderer…
-
High 8.2
NVIDIA CUDA-Q contains a vulnerability in an endpoint, where an unauthenticated attacker could cause an out-of-bounds r…
-
High 7.5
Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox ESR 140.10, Thunderbird ESR 140.10, Firefox 150 and Thunderbird 150
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird ESR 140.9, Firefox 149 and Thunderbird 149. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary co…
-
High 7.5
Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox ESR 115.35, Firefox ESR 140.10, Thunderbird ESR 140.10, Firefox 150 and Thunderbird 150
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox ESR 115.34, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird ESR 140.9, Firefox 149 and Thunderbird 149. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited…
-
High 7.5
Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 150 and Thunderbird 150
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 149 and Thunderbird 149. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefo…
-
Medium 6.1
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_OI() in ptp-pack.c via malicious PTP ObjectInfo response
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. Versions up to and including 2.5.33 have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in `ptp_unpack_OI()` in `camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c` (lines 530–563). The function validates `len < PTP_oi_SequenceNumber` (i.e., len …
-
Medium 5.2
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_Sony_DPD() FormFlag parsing in ptp-pack.c
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. Versions up to and including 2.5.33 have an out-of-bounds read in `ptp_unpack_Sony_DPD()` in `camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c` (line 842). The function reads the FormFlag byte via `dtoh8o(data, *poffset)` without a p…
-
Medium 5.2
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_Sony_DPD() enumeration count parsing in ptp-pack.c
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. Versions up to and including 2.5.33 have an out-of-bounds read in the PTP_DPFF_Enumeration case of `ptp_unpack_Sony_DPD()` in `camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c` (line 856). The function reads a 2-byte enumeration coun…
-
Medium 5.2
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_DPV() UINT128/INT128 handling in ptp-pack.c
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. Versions up to and including 2.5.33 have an out-of-bounds read in `ptp_unpack_DPV()` in `camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c` (lines 622–629). The UINT128 and INT128 cases advance `*offset += 16` without verifying that 1…
-
Medium 6.1
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_EOS_ImageFormat() and ptp_unpack_EOS_CustomFuncEx() due to missing length parameter in ptp-pack.c
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. In versions up to and including 2.5.33, two functions in camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c accept a data pointer but no length parameter, performing unbounded reads. Their callers in ptp_unpack_EOS_events() have xsize …
-
High 7.1
miniupnpd Integer Underflow SOAPAction Header Parsing
miniupnpd contains an integer underflow vulnerability in SOAPAction header parsing that allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or information disclosure by sending a malformed SOAPAction header with a single quote. Attackers can trigger an out-o…
-
High 8.8
libcoap Out-of-Bounds Read in OSCORE CBOR Unwrap Handling
libcoap contains out-of-bounds read vulnerabilities in OSCORE Appendix B.2 CBOR unwrap handling where get_byte_inc() in src/oscore/oscore_cbor.c relies solely on assert() for bounds checking, which is removed in release builds compiled with NDEBUG. Attackers …
-
High 8.7
xrdp: Pre-authentication out-of-bounds reads in channel parsers
xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions through 0.10.5 have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the pre-authentication RDP message parsing logic. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can trigger this flaw by sending a specially crafted sequence of packet…
-
High 7.7
xrdp: Pre-authentication out-of-bounds reads in RDP capability and channel parsers
xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions through 0.10.5 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability during the RDP capability exchange phase. The issue occurs when memory is accessed before validating the remaining buffer length. A remote, unauthenticated …
-
Medium 6.8
openCryptoki: Memory safety vulnerabilities in BER/DER decoders in asn1.c
openCryptoki is a PKCS#11 library and provides tooling for Linux and AIX. In versions 3.26.0 and below, the BER/DER decoding functions in the shared common library (asn1.c) accept a raw pointer but no buffer length parameter, and trust attacker-controlled BER…
-
Medium 5.0
ONLYOFFICE DocumentServer before 9.3.0 has an untrusted pointer dereference in XLS processing/conversion (via pictFmla.…
-
Medium 6.5
Out of bounds read in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.101 allowed a remote attacker to obtain potentially sen…
-
High 7.5
Out of bounds read in Media in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.101 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to …
-
Medium 5.0
Gimp: gimp: application crashes or information disclosure via crafted icns image files
A flaw was found in GIMP. This vulnerability, a heap buffer over-read in the `icns_slurp()` function, occurs when processing specially crafted ICNS image files. An attacker could provide a malicious ICNS file, potentially leading to application crashes or inf…
-
High 7.8
Adobe Framemaker | Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
Adobe Framemaker versions 2022.8 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability when parsing a crafted file, which could result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute …
-
High 7.1
libsixel: Integer overflow leads to Out-of-bounds Read in img2sixel
libsixel is a SIXEL encoder/decoder implementation derived from kmiya's sixel. Versions 1.8.7 and prior contain an integer overflow leading to an out-of-bounds heap read in the --crop option handling of img2sixel, where positive coordinates up to INT_MAX are …
-
High 7.8
InCopy | Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
InCopy versions 20.5.2, 21.2 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability when parsing a crafted file, which could result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code…
-
High 7.8
Photoshop Desktop | Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
Photoshop Desktop versions 27.4 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability when parsing a crafted file, which could result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute c…
-
High 7.8
Windows Storage Spaces Controller Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Storage Spaces Controller allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
-
Medium 5.5
Windows GDI Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds read in Windows GDI allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.