Weakness (CWE)
CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Source: MITRE CWE-125
6,278 results · Feed
-
High 7.1
netfilter: conntrack: add missing netlink policy validations
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: conntrack: add missing netlink policy validations Hyunwoo Kim reports out-of-bounds access in sctp and ctnetlink. These attributes are used by the kernel without any validation. Ex…
-
High —
scaly: Multiple soundness issues in Rust safe APIs
Affected versions contain multiple safe APIs that can trigger undefined behavior: - `Array<T>::index` can perform an out-of-bounds read. - `String::get_length` can perform an out-of-bounds read. - `String::append_character` can perform an invalid write. - `St…
-
Medium 5.3
Electron: Out-of-bounds read in second-instance IPC on macOS and Linux
Electron is a framework for writing cross-platform desktop applications using JavaScript, HTML and CSS. Prior to versions 38.8.6, 39.8.1, 40.8.1, and 41.0.0, on macOS and Linux, apps that call app.requestSingleInstanceLock() were vulnerable to an out-of-bound…
-
High 7.5
Mesop: Unbounded Thread Creation in WebSocket Handler Leads to Denial of Service
Mesop is a Python-based UI framework that allows users to build web applications. From version 1.2.3 to before version 1.2.5, an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability exists in the WebSocket implementation of the Mesop framework. An unauthenticated …
-
High 8.1
Bluetooth: L2CAP: Validate L2CAP_INFO_RSP payload length before access
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: L2CAP: Validate L2CAP_INFO_RSP payload length before access l2cap_information_rsp() checks that cmd_len covers the fixed l2cap_info_rsp header (type + result, 4 bytes) but then rea…
-
High 8.2
netfilter: nf_conntrack_h323: fix OOB read in decode_int() CONS case
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_conntrack_h323: fix OOB read in decode_int() CONS case In decode_int(), the CONS case calls get_bits(bs, 2) to read a length value, then calls get_uint(bs, len) without checking…
-
Critical 9.1
netfilter: nf_conntrack_h323: check for zero length in DecodeQ931()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_conntrack_h323: check for zero length in DecodeQ931() In DecodeQ931(), the UserUserIE code path reads a 16-bit length from the packet, then decrements it by 1 to skip the protoc…
-
High 7.5
Swift Crypto: X-Wing HPKE Decapsulation Accepts Malformed Ciphertext Length
A remote attacker can supply a short X-Wing HPKE encapsulated key and trigger an out-of-bounds read in the C decapsulation path, potentially causing a crash or memory disclosure depending on runtime protections. This issue is fixed in swift-crypto version 4.3…
-
Medium 6.3
An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 1…
-
Medium 4.9
nanomq: Heap-Buffer-Overflow in webhook_inproc.c via cJSON_Parse OOB Read
NanoMQ MQTT Broker (NanoMQ) is an all-around Edge Messaging Platform. Prior to version 0.24.10, in NanoMQ's webhook_inproc.c, the hook_work_cb() function processes nng messages by parsing the message body with cJSON_Parse(body). The body is obtained from nng_…
-
Low 2.1
signalk-server: Arbitrary Prototype Read via `from` Field Bypass
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.24.0, there is an arbitrary prototype read vulnerability via `from` field bypass. This vulnerability allows a low-privileged authenticated user to bypass prototyp…
-
Medium 5.3
LibRaw TIFF/NEF decoders_libraw.cpp nikon_load_padded_packed_raw out-of-bounds
A flaw has been found in LibRaw up to 0.22.0. This affects the function LibRaw::nikon_load_padded_packed_raw of the file src/decoders/decoders_libraw.cpp of the component TIFF/NEF. Executing a manipulation of the argument load_flags/raw_width can lead to out-…
-
High 7.5
An issue was discovered in Mbed TLS 3.x before 3.6.6. An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in mbedtls_ccm_finish() in li…
-
Medium 4.3
Nothings stb TTF File stb_truetype.h stbtt__buf_get8 out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was determined in Nothings stb up to 1.26. The affected element is the function stbtt__buf_get8 in the library stb_truetype.h of the component TTF File Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to out-of-bounds read. The attack can be execute…
-
High 7.8
V-SFT versions 6.2.10.0 and prior contain an out-of-bounds read in VS6ComFile!get_macro_mem_COM. Opening a crafted V7 f…
-
High 7.8
V-SFT versions 6.2.10.0 and prior contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in VS6MemInIF!set_temp_type_default. Open…
-
High 7.8
V-SFT versions 6.2.10.0 and prior contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in VS6ComFile!load_link_inf. Opening a cr…
-
Medium 4.3
Nothings stb TTF File stb_truetype.h stbtt_InitFont_internal out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was found in Nothings stb up to 1.26. Impacted is the function stbtt_InitFont_internal in the library stb_truetype.h of the component TTF File Handler. Performing a manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. Remote exploitation of the attack …
-
High 8.8
Out of bounds read in WebCodecs in Google Chrome prior to 146.0.7680.178 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of…
-
High 8.1
Out of bounds read in WebCodecs in Google Chrome prior to 146.0.7680.178 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of…
-
Medium 6.2
iccDEV: HBO in icAnsiToUtf8()
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. Prior to version 2.3.1.6, there is a heap-buffer-overflow (HBO) in icAnsiToUtf8() in the XML conversion path. The issue is triggered by a crafted ICC profile which ca…
-
Medium 6.2
iccDEV: HBO in CIccApplyCmmSearch::costFunc()
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. Prior to version 2.3.1.6, a heap-buffer-overflow (HBO) in CIccApplyCmmSearch::costFunc() can be triggered via malformed JSON configuration input to the iccApplySearch…
-
Medium 6.9
PJSIP: Heap OOB read in VPX unpacketizer
PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C. Prior to version 2.17, a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in PJSIP's VP9 RTP unpacketizer that occurs when parsing crafted VP9 Scalability Structure (SS) data. Insuffic…
-
Medium 5.9
FreeRDP: ClearCodec Glyph Cache Count Desync - Heap OOB Read
FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.24.2, pixel data from adjacent heap memory is rendered to screen, potentially leaking sensitive data to the attacker. This issue has been patched in version 3.24.2.
-
High 7.1
FreeRDP: Persistent Cache Allocator Mismatch - Heap OOB Read
FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.24.2, there is a heap-buffer-overflow READ vulnerability at 24 bytes before the allocation, in winpr_aligned_offset_recalloc(). This issue has been patched in version 3.24.2.
-
High 8.2
Botan: Heap Buffer Over-read in SM2 Decryption via Undersized C3 Hash Field
Botan is a C++ cryptography library. From version 2.3.0 to before version 3.11.0, during SM2 decryption, the code that checked the authentication code value (C3) failed to check that the encoded value was of the expected length prior to comparison. An invalid…
-
Medium 6.5
nanomq: OOB Read / Crash (DoS) via Malformed MQTT Remaining Length over WebSocket
NanoMQ MQTT Broker (NanoMQ) is an all-around Edge Messaging Platform. Prior to version 0.24.8, NanoMQ’s MQTT-over-WebSocket transport can be crashed by sending an MQTT packet with a deliberately large Remaining Length in the fixed header while providing a muc…
-
Low 3.9
OpenSC: Out of Bounds vulnerability
OpenSC is an open source smart card tools and middleware. Prior to version 0.27.0, feeding a crafted input to the fuzz_pkcs15_reader harness causes OpenSC to perform an out-of-bounds heap read in the X.509/SPKI handling path. Specifically, sc_pkcs15_pubkey_fr…
-
Medium 4.6
BlueKitchen BTstack < 1.8.1 AVRCP Browsing Target GET_FOLDER_ITEMS Handler OOB Read / Undefined Behavior
BlueKitchen BTstack versions prior to 1.8.1 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the AVRCP Browsing Target GET_FOLDER_ITEMS handler that fails to validate packet boundaries and attribute count data. An attacker with a paired Bluetooth Classic connec…
-
Low 3.5
BlueKitchen BTstack < 1.8.1 AVRCP Controller GET_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_*_TEXT Handlers OOB Read
BlueKitchen BTstack versions prior to 1.8.1 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the AVRCP Controller GET_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_ATTRIBUTE_TEXT and GET_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_VALUE_TEXT handlers that allows nearby attackers to read beyond pa…
-
Low 3.5
BlueKitchen BTstack < 1.8.1 AVRCP Controller LIST_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_* Handlers OOB Read
BlueKitchen BTstack versions prior to 1.8.1 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the AVRCP Controller LIST_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_ATTRIBUTES and LIST_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_VALUES handlers that allows attackers to read beyond buffer boundari…
-
Medium 6.5
OpenCC has an Out-of-bounds read when processing truncated UTF-8 input
### Summary OpenCC versions before 1.2.0 contain two `CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read` issues caused by length validation failures in UTF-8 processing. When handling malformed or truncated UTF-8 input, OpenCC trusted derived length values without enforcing the in…
-
Low 3.5
Wazuh authd service (os_auth) Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Wazuh authd contains a heap-buffer overflow vulnerability that allows attackers to cause memory corruption and malformed heap data by sending specially crafted input. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to trigger a denial of service condition, resulting…
-
Low 3.5
Heap buffer overflow in wazuh-authd
Wazuh authd contains a heap-buffer overflow vulnerability that allows attackers to cause memory corruption and malformed heap data by sending specially crafted input. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to trigger a denial of service condition, resulting…
-
High 7.5
OpenFeature evaluation API reads input data with no bounds
The OpenFeature feature toggle evaluation endpoint reads unbounded values into memory, which can cause out-of-memory crashes.
-
Critical 9.8
SiYuan has Arbitrary Document Reading within the Publishing Service
SiYuan is a personal knowledge management system. Prior to version 3.6.2, document IDs were retrieved via the /api/file/readDir interface, and then the /api/block/getChildBlocks interface was used to view the content of all documents. Version 3.6.2 patches th…
-
High 7.1
Denial-of-Service Vulnerability in UPnP Component of TP Link's TL-WR841N
The vulnerability exists in the UPnP component of TL-WR841N v14, where improper input validation leads to an out-of-bounds read, potentially causing a crash of the UPnP service. Successful exploitation can cause the UPnP service to crash, resulting in a Denia…
-
High 7.5
Denial of service in github.com/shamaton/msgpack
The msgpack decoder fails to properly validate the input buffer length when processing truncated fixext data (format codes 0xd4-0xd8). This can lead to an out-of-bounds read and a runtime panic, allowing a denial of service attack.
-
High 7.5
Denial of service in github.com/buger/jsonparser
The Delete function fails to properly validate offsets when processing malformed JSON input. This can lead to a negative slice index and a runtime panic, allowing a denial of service attack.
-
High —
libcrux Panics During Standalone MAC Operations
An incorrect constant for the key length in libcrux-poly1305 caused the standalone MAC function `libcrux_poly1305::mac` to always panic with an out-of-bounds memory access. ## Impact Applications wishing to use libcrux-poly1305 as a standalone MAC would exper…