Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1289: Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in Input
The product receives an input value that is used as a resource identifier or other type of reference, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input is equivalent to a potentially-unsafe value.
How to prevent it (1 mitigation)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Source: MITRE CWE-1289
54 results · Feed
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Medium 5.9
Improper validation of unsafe equivalence in input could allow an attacker with high privileges to reclaim the ring buf…
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High 8.7
In affected versions of Octopus Server, OIDC token issuer validation was performed inconsistently. This could result in…
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Low 2.6
Contrast 1.21.0 before 1.25.0 Credential Leak via imagepuller Wildcard Registry Selection
Edgeless Systems Contrast from 1.21.0 before 1.25.0 contains a non-deterministic registry selection flaw in imagepuller that can prefer wildcard configuration entries over concrete domain matches. When a pull configuration lists both a concrete domain and its…
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Medium 5.3
webpack-dev-server vulnerable to information disclosure via Host validation bypass in the open-editor endpoint
webpack-dev-server is a development server that provides live reloading for webpack projects. In versions from 5.1.0 before 5.2.7 and in version 6.0.0, the unauthenticated open-editor endpoint validates the Host header with a regular expression meant for brow…
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Medium 6.8
Pydantic AI: SSRF cloud-metadata blocklist bypass via IPv6 zone identifier (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-46678 and CVE-2026-48782)
Pydantic AI is a Python agent framework for building applications and workflows with Generative AI. From 1.56.0 until 1.107.6 and 2.44.0, applications that opt attacker-influenced URLs into local network access through FileUrl with force_download='allow-local…
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Low 3.7
Pydantic AI: web_fetch_tool blocked_domains bypass via a hostname the resolver normalizes differently
Pydantic AI is a Python agent framework for building applications and workflows with Generative AI. From 1.77.0 until 1.107.6 and 2.44.0, the local web_fetch_tool and the WebFetch local fallback compare blocked_domains entries with a URL hostname before both …
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High 8.7
In affected versions of Octopus Server, an authenticated user with permission to modify roles could bypass the protecti…
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Critical 9.2CVE-2026-106445 Public exploit
Handlebars: JavaScript Injection via Own Property Check Bypass
Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. From 3.0.0 until 4.7.10, Handlebars lookupProperty returns Function.prototype.constructor before applying the prototype-access deny list because constructor is an own property of F…
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Medium 4.0
The Playground feature of Zilliz Attu before 3.0.0 allows SSRF (proxying of requests to private IP addresses).
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High 8.1
In JetBrains TeamCity before 2026.2, 2026.1.4, 2025.11.8 administrator account takeover was possible via password reset
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Critical 9.1
WordPress GiveWP plugin <= 4.16.9 - Broken Authentication vulnerability
Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in Input vulnerability in Liquid Web / StellarWP GiveWP allows Authentication Bypass. This issue affects GiveWP: from n/a through 4.16.9.
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High 7.3
Trusted Domain Project OpenDMARC policy.c improper validation of unsafe equivalence in input
A flaw has been found in Trusted Domain Project OpenDMARC up to 1.4.2. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file policy.c of the component Domain Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper validation of unsafe equivalence in…
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Low 3.7
Edgeless Systems Contrast through 1.20.0 Credential Leak via Registry Suffix Matching
Contrast (Edgeless Systems) through 1.20.0 performs unanchored suffix matching when selecting per-registry configuration in the imagepuller. Config.registryFor strips a single trailing dot and then uses strings.HasSuffix(hostname, fqdn) without requiring a DN…
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High 8.7
Improper validation of pod identifier uniqueness in aws-network-policy-agent in Amazon EKS
Improper validation of pod identifier uniqueness in aws-network-policy-agent in Amazon EKS Network Policy Agent before v1.4.0 might allow an authenticated remote user to bypass NetworkPolicy enforcement on co-located pods in other namespaces via crafted pod a…
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Medium 6.3
mpp Tempo keys its pre-broadcast dedup reserve on the caller-supplied transaction encoding, so a re-encoded signed transaction reserves a second slot
Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in Input in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to pass the Tempo duplicate-submission gate twice with one signed transaction. MPP.Methods.Tempo reserves the pre-broadcast dedup slot on the caller-supp…
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Critical 9.9
Server-side request forgery in the Session Manager port forwarding functionality in AWS Systems Manager Agent
A server-side request forgery issue due to improper validation of equivalent address representations in the port forwarding to remote hosts functionality in Amazon AWS Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent) before 3.3.4851.0 on all platforms might allow an authent…
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Medium 4.3
Clickjacking vulnerability in SAPUI5(Frame Options Allowlist)
SAP UI5 does not sufficiently validate the parent frame's origin against the configured allowlist. An unauthenticated attacker could host a malicious page to bypass framing restrictions. If an authenticated victim visits the attacker's page and interacts with…
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Medium 6.0
inets, httpd: Authentication Bypass via Directory Namespace Collapse in httpd mod_auth
The mod_auth module in OTP's inets httpd server, when configured with dets or mnesia authentication backends and multiple directory configuration blocks, collapses all directory blocks into a single shared user/group namespace. A user added to one protected d…
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Medium 6.5
URI versions before 5.36 for Perl encode non-NFC host names to non-standard punycode labels via missing normalization in nameprep
URI versions before 5.36 for Perl encode non-NFC host names to non-standard punycode labels via missing normalization in nameprep. nameprep lowercases each host label but performs no Unicode normalization. IDNA requires a label to be normalized to Form C befo…
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High 7.5
Date::Manip versions through 7.00 for Perl return corrupted dates via non-ASCII decimal digits that pass the numeric range tests in check
Date::Manip versions through 7.00 for Perl return corrupted dates via non-ASCII decimal digits that pass the numeric range tests in check. The parse regexes capture year, month and day with the `\d` shorthand, which on a character string matches the whole Uni…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-47729 Public exploit
Squid: Memory disclosure in FTP gateway
Squid is a caching proxy for the Web. Prior to 7.6, due to an improper validation of syntactic correctness of input in the FTP gateway (src/clients/FtpGateway.cc), Squid is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds read: when a listing entry date in the TypeA or TypeB d…
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Medium 6.9
symfony/polyfill-intl-idn accepts xn-- labels whose Punycode payload decodes to ASCII-only: insecure equivalence
Symfony Polyfill backports PHP features and provides compatibility layers for extensions and functions. From 1.17.1 until 1.38.1, symfony/polyfill-intl-idn accepts xn-- labels whose Punycode payload is empty or decodes to ASCII-only code points because Idn::p…
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Critical 9.3
Aqara OAuth redirect_uri validation bypass
The Aqara Cloud OAuth Authorization Endpoint (open-cn.aqara.com/oauth/authorize) is vulnerable to a redirect bypass due to lax controls on domain matching, which is an instance of "CWE-1289: Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in Input" and has an estim…
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High 7.0
Fedify has an LD-Signature Bypass via JSON-LD Named-Graph Restructuring
Fedify is a TypeScript library for building federated server apps powered by ActivityPub. Prior to versions 1.9.11, 1.10.10, 2.0.18, 2.1.14, and 2.2.3, an attacker can make use of JSON-LD features to restructure a JSON-LD document that would change how Fedify…
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High 7.3
Net::CIDR::Set versions through 0.20 for Perl did not validate network masks
Net::CIDR::Set versions through 0.20 for Perl did not validate network masks. The mask portion of a network mask could contain Unicode digits such as the Arabic-Indic One (U+0661), or non-digits, which were ignored. This could allow network masks to accept la…
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Medium 6.5
Net::CIDR::Set versions through 0.20 for Perl accept non-ASCII IP addresses and netmasks
Net::CIDR::Set versions through 0.20 for Perl accept non-ASCII IP addresses and netmasks. Unicode digits such as the Arabic-Indic One (U+0661) were accepted but not properly parsed as numbers. This could allow network masks to accept larger networks.
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Medium 5.3
Hono: IP Restriction bypasses static deny rules for non-canonical IPv6
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.21, the ip-restriction middleware (hono/ip-restriction) compares incoming IP addresses against configured deny and allow rules using string equality after part…
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Medium 6.5
Starlette has missing Host header validation that poisons request.url.path, bypassing path-based security checks
Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit. Prior to version 1.0.1, the HTTP `Host` request header was not validated before being used to reconstruct `request.url`. Because the routing algorithm relies on the raw HTTP path while `request.url` is rebuil…
KEV Sep 2, 2026 -
Critical 9.6
Invoking failure to reject ASCII-only Punycode-encoded labels in golang.org/x/net/idna
The ToASCII and ToUnicode functions incorrectly accept Punycode-encoded labels that decode to an ASCII-only label. For example, ToUnicode("xn--example-.com") incorrectly returns the name "example.com" rather than an error. This behavior can lead to privilege …
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Medium 6.5
Net::CIDR::Lite versions before 0.24 for Perl does not properly consider extraneous zero characters in CIDR mask values, which may allow IP ACL bypass
Net::CIDR::Lite versions before 0.24 for Perl does not properly consider extraneous zero characters in CIDR mask values, which may allow IP ACL bypass. Mask forms like "/00" and "/01" pass validation and parse to the same prefix as their unpadded value. See a…
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Medium 6.5
Net::CIDR::Lite versions before 0.24 for Perl does not properly validate IP address and CIDR mask inputs, which may allow IP ACL bypass
Net::CIDR::Lite versions before 0.24 for Perl does not properly validate IP address and CIDR mask inputs, which may allow IP ACL bypass. Inputs containing a trailing newline or non-ASCII digit characters pass the validators but are then re-encoded by the pars…
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Low —
webauthn-rs-core/webauthn-authenticator-rs: Origin validation mismatch possible when subdomains are allowed
### Summary `webauthn-rs-core` ([Relying Party][rp]) and `webauthn-authenticator-rs` ([client][]) checked that [an `Origin` in `CollectedClientData`][origin] is valid for [an RP ID][rpid] with [`str::ends_with()`][ends-with], [without checking for a dot (`.`)…
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Medium 5.9
@node-oauth/oauth2-server: PKCE code_verifier ABNF not enforced in token exchange allows brute-force redemption of intercepted authorization codes
@node-oauth/oauth2-server is a module for implementing an OAuth2 server in Node.js. The token exchange path accepts RFC7636-invalid code_verifier values (including one-character strings) for S256 PKCE flows. Because short/weak verifiers are accepted and faile…
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Medium 6.8
DOMPurify has a SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES bypass in RETURN_DOM mode
DOMPurify is a DOM-only cross-site scripting sanitizer for HTML, MathML, and SVG. Starting in version 1.0.10 and prior to version 3.4.0, `SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES` strips `{{...}}` expressions from untrusted HTML. This works in string mode but not with `RETURN_DOM`…
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High 7.5
fastify vulnerable to Body Schema Validation Bypass via Leading Space in Content-Type Header
Impact: Fastify applications using schema.body.content for per-content-type body validation can have validation bypassed entirely by prepending a space to the Content-Type header. The body is still parsed correctly but schema validation is skipped. This is a …
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High 7.1
Mercure has a Topic Selector Cache Key Collision
Mercure is a protocol for pushing data updates to web browsers and other HTTP clients in a battery-efficient way. Prior to 0.22.0, a cache key collision vulnerability in TopicSelectorStore allows an attacker to poison the match result cache, potentially causi…
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Medium 6.3
Axios has a NO_PROXY Hostname Normalization Bypass that Leads to SSRF
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.0 and 0.31.0, Axios does not correctly handle hostname normalization when checking NO_PROXY rules. Requests to loopback addresses like localhost. (with a trailing dot) or [::1] (I…
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High 7.5
Case-sensitive excludedSubtrees name constraints cause Auth Bypass in crypto/x509
When verifying a certificate chain containing excluded DNS constraints, these constraints are not correctly applied to wildcard DNS SANs which use a different case than the constraint. This only affects validation of otherwise trusted certificate chains, issu…
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Medium 6.8
xdg-dbus-proxy has an eavesdrop filter bypass allowing message interception
xdg-dbus-proxy is a filtering proxy for D-Bus connections. Prior to 0.1.7, a policy parser vulnerability allows bypassing eavesdrop restrictions. The proxy checks for eavesdrop=true in policy rules but fails to handle eavesdrop ='true' (with a space before th…
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Critical 9.1
fast-jwt Affected by Cache Confusion via cacheKeyBuilder Collisions Can Return Claims From a Different Token (Identity/Authorization Mixup)
fast-jwt provides fast JSON Web Token (JWT) implementation. From 0.0.1 to before 6.2.0, setting up a custom cacheKeyBuilder method which does not properly create unique keys for different tokens can lead to cache collisions. This could cause tokens to be mis-…