Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
How to prevent it (5 mitigations)
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Implementation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
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Architecture and Design
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
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Implementation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
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Implementation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
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Implementation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
Source: MITRE CWE-1321
307 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.2
Mongoose walks into inherited properties when hydrating, setting, and merging, allowing overwrites of built-in functions (denial of service) and shared schema state
Mongoose is a MongoDB object modeling tool designed to work in an asynchronous environment. Prior to 6.13.12, 7.8.13, 8.24.7, and 9.11.4, Mongoose can descend into inherited properties while loading database documents in init(), setting dotted paths in $__set…
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High 8.4
GraphQL Tools: Prototype pollution in mergeIncrementalResult via non-primitive path segments
GraphQL Tools provides utilities for building, stitching, and mocking GraphQL schemas. From 10.10.1 until 12.0.2, the @graphql-tools/utils mergeIncrementalResult helper passes incrementalResult.path segments to setObjectKeyPath without runtime primitive-type …
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High 7.1
n8n before 2.41.4 and 2.42.1 Prototype Pollution DoS via Workflow History Compaction
n8n before 2.41.4 and 2.42.x before 2.42.1 contains a prototype pollution vulnerability that allows low-privileged users to alter built-in object behaviour by saving workflows with specially named connection keys. Attackers can add keys such as __proto__ to w…
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High 8.3
n8n before 2.43.5 and 2.44.1 Authorization Bypass via Crafted Workflow ID in Data Tables
n8n before 2.43.5 and 2.44.x before 2.44.1 accepts a client-supplied workflow ID and caches each workflow's owner project in memory by that ID, so a crafted ID such as __proto__ makes the Data Table project check match every project. An authenticated member w…
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High 7.2
Highcharts: dotted series.keys paths write to Object.prototype
Highcharts JS is a JavaScript charting library based on SVG. From 6.1.0 until 11.4.9, 12.6.1, and 3.1.0, Highcharts follows dot-separated series.keys paths without filtering each segment. An attacker who controls series.keys and matching point data can use a …
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High 7.2
Highcharts: series column construction writes to Object.prototype
Highcharts JS is a JavaScript charting library based on SVG. From 13.0.0 until 13.1.0, Highcharts builds series data columns by using point option keys directly as column IDs. Own enumerable __proto__ and constructor keys from parsed point objects can therefo…
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High 8.8
toml-node: Prototype pollution: parsing a TOML document can write to Object.prototype
toml-node is a TOML parser for Node.js and the browser. Prior to 5.0.1, toml.parse() can write attacker-controlled properties to Object.prototype because quoteDottedString() in lib/compiler.js produces the same bookkeeping string for distinct quoted key paths…
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High 8.4
Multiple Vulnerabilities in the Highcharts Library Bundled with Vaadin Charts
Vaadin Charts renders charts with the Highcharts library and pins an exact version of it, 9.2.2 in Vaadin 22 to 24 and 12.2.0 in Vaadin 25, so an application cannot remove these vulnerabilities by upgrading Highcharts on its own. Highsoft disclosed several vu…
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High 7.1
ApostropheCMS: Authenticated projection-exclusion prototype-member deletion in @apostrophecms/db-connect causes process-wide denial of service
ApostropheCMS is an open-source Node.js content management system. Prior to 1.1.0 of db-connect and 4.33.0 of ApostropheCMS, an account with view-draft access can submit a projection exclusion path that traverses through a constructor prototype chain to a sha…
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High 7.5
@rvf/set-get before 7.0.4 Prototype Pollution via setPath Inherited Methods
@rvf/set-get before 7.0.4 contains a prototype pollution vulnerability in setPath that allows unauthenticated attackers to overwrite properties of shared built-in functions via inherited Object.prototype methods. Attackers can submit a form field named hasOwn…
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High 7.7
n8n before 2.41.4 and 2.42.1 Prototype Pollution via MCP Workflow-Validation Interpreter
n8n before 2.41.4 and 2.42.x before 2.42.1 contains a prototype pollution vulnerability in the MCP workflow-validation tool, whose interpreter evaluates caller-supplied code in the main process, reads inherited properties, and permits assignment onto shared p…
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High 7.5
Xen Orchestra before 6.9.0 Privilege Escalation via Prototype Pollution in vm.importFromEsxi
Xen Orchestra before 6.9.0 contains an improper access control vulnerability that allows any authenticated user to become global administrator by abusing the unprotected vm.importFromEsxi and vm.importMultipleFromEsxi methods. Attackers can point xo-server at…
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High 8.2
fast-toml through 0.5.4 Prototype Pollution via __proto__ Keys in Parsed TOML
fast-toml through 0.5.4 contains a prototype pollution vulnerability that allows attackers to modify Object.prototype by supplying TOML containing __proto__, constructor or prototype key segments. Attackers can pass [__proto__] or [constructor.prototype] tabl…
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High 8.2
dot-access through 1.0.0 Prototype Pollution via set() path argument
dot-access through 1.0.0 contains a prototype pollution vulnerability that allows attackers to modify Object.prototype by supplying a crafted dotted path to set(). Attackers controlling the path, such as through user-supplied field names, can use __proto__ se…
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High 7.5
CVE-2026-106550
Mozilla's Node-convict (version 6.2.2 and later) is vulnerable to a Denial of Service vulnerability caused by incomplete prototype‑pollution protections in config.set(). An attacker controlling the configuration key can write arbitrary properties to construct…
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High 8.9
StableLib: Prototype poisoning via `__proto__` map keys in CBOR decoding
StableLib is a stable library of useful TypeScript and JavaScript code. Prior to 2.0.4, the @stablelib/cbor CBOR map decoding path creates ordinary JavaScript objects and assigns attacker-controlled keys with bracket assignment. A map key named __proto__ invo…
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High 8.1
Payload: Remote Code Execution through first-register
Payload is a free and open source headless content management system. In versions before 3.90.0 and canary versions before 4.0.0-canary.34, a crafted request to the public first-register operation can execute code remotely when local authentication is enabled…
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High 8.2
GraphQL Tools has prototype pollution in well-established utility function `mergeDeep`
GraphQL Tools provides utilities for building, stitching, and mocking GraphQL schemas. Prior to 12.0.1, the GraphQL Tools utils package's mergeDeep function follows inherited properties while recursively merging source objects and does not exclude __proto__, …
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High 8.7
Apache Thrift: Node.js `server.js` ends the process on any per-connection error (+ two triggers)
Uncaught exception, Improper validation of specified quantity in input, Improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes ('prototype pollution') vulnerability in Apache Thrift nodejs bindings. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.25.0. …
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High 8.7
Apache Thrift: A JSON member name can stall the Node server's event loop indefinitely
Loop with unreachable exit condition ('infinite loop'), Improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes ('prototype pollution') vulnerability in Apache Thrift NodeJS bindings with TJSONProtocol. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.25.…
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High 7.5
Socket.IO: Prototype Pollution via Unsafe Client Session Lookup
Socket.IO enables bidirectional and low-latency communication for every platform. Prior to 0.1.1, @socket.io/cluster-engine uses inherited object properties when looking up attacker-controlled session IDs in clustered deployments. Special property names such …
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High 8.3
Axios: Prototype Pollution Gadget in axios toFormData Options
Axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 0.28.0 until 0.34.0 and 1.15.1 until 1.20.0, ToFormData processes inherited serialization options and visitor properties supplied through prototype pollution. A separate same-process proto…
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High 7.6
Axios: Node HTTP adapter prototype-pollution gadget allows request socket hijack via inherited createConnection
Axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.15.2 until 1.20.0, the Node HTTP adapter in lib/adapters/http.js supplies request options without an own createConnection value. A separate same-process prototype-pollution flaw places a…
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High 8.4
mammoth (aka mammoth.js) before 1.12.2 is vulnerable to prototype pollution when reading the styles defined in a docume…
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High 7.6
Builder.io Gen2 SDKs through 5.2.11 Prototype Pollution via Bindings
Builder.io Gen2 SDKs through versions 5.2.11 and 0.25.13 contain a prototype pollution vulnerability in the deep-set helper function that processes content block bindings without validation. Attackers can craft content blocks with binding keys containing __pr…
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High 7.5
flat-to-nested: Prototype pollution in flat-to-nested convert() via __proto__ parent/id key
flat-to-nested converts a hierarchy from a flat representation to a nested representation. Prior to 1.1.2, FlatToNested.prototype.convert in index.js uses attacker-influenced id and parent record fields directly as keys in the plain temp and pendingChildOf ob…
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High 8.3
gettext-converter: Prototype pollution in js2i18next() via crafted translation keys
gettext-converter provides gettext resource conversion utilities for JavaScript. Prior to 1.3.3, js2i18next() in lib/js2i18next.js splits nested translation keys using options.keyseparator, whose default value consists of two number signs, and uses each segme…
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High 7.1
isomorphic-git < 1.42.0 Prototype Pollution via getRemoteInfo
isomorphic-git before 1.42.0 contains a prototype pollution vulnerability in the getRemoteInfo function that allows a malicious Git server operator to pollute Object.prototype by advertising crafted ref names containing '__proto__' path segments during ref ne…
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High 8.2
Acrobat Reader | Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (CWE-1321)
Acrobat Reader is affected by an Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary file system read. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to access sensitive files and …
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High 8.1CVE-2026-85625 Public exploit
sift 17.1.3 Prototype Pollution Remote Code Execution via $where
sift (sift.js) 17.1.3 enumerates query keys with for...in, which walks the object prototype chain, and dispatches any matched operator key including $where. The $where operation compiles a string value into a function using new Function unless CSP_ENABLED is …
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High 8.2
toml-node: Prototype Pollution Leads to `Object.prototype` Corruption via `__proto__` Key-Path Desynchronization
toml-node is a TOML parser for Node.js and the browser. Prior to 4.1.2, toml.parse() in lib/compiler.js can be tricked by a table path such as a.b.y.__proto__.__proto__, allowing traversal from a scalar value into Number.prototype and Object.prototype. The cu…
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High 8.3
TOON: Prototype pollution when decoding untrusted TOON input
TOON is a compact, human-readable serialization of JSON data for LLM prompts. Prior to 2.3.1, decoding attacker-controlled TOON with a __proto__, constructor, or prototype key wrote through the object prototype chain instead of creating an own property, pollu…
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High 7.3
cleverbrush framework/deep deepExtend.ts deepExtend prototype pollution
A vulnerability has been found in cleverbrush framework and deep up to 4.4.0. This impacts the function deepExtend of the file libs/deep/src/deepExtend.ts. The manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. Remote exp…
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High 7.3
ractivejs ractive Keypath Ractive#set prototype pollution
A weakness has been identified in ractivejs ractive up to 1.4.4. Impacted is the function Ractive#set of the component Keypath Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. The attack may be l…
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High 7.3
alibaba-fusion next deepMerge index.tsx ConfigProvider.getContextProps prototype pollution
A security flaw has been discovered in alibaba-fusion next up to 1.27.34. This issue affects the function ConfigProvider.getContextProps of the file components/dialog/index.tsx of the component deepMerge. Performing a manipulation of the argument locale resul…
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High 7.3
jQWidgets jqx-all.js jqxBaseFramework.extend prototype pollution
A vulnerability was determined in jQWidgets up to 24.0.1. This affects the function JQXLite.extend/jqxBaseFramework.extend of the file jqwidgets/jqx-all.js. This manipulation causes improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. The attack…
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High 8.8
RCE via Prototype Pollution in OpenSearch Dashboards
Improper input validation in the Time Series Visual Builder (TSVB) plugin in OpenSearch Dashboards allows an authenticated remote user to execute arbitrary code on the server via a crafted JSON payload to the metrics visualization API endpoint. This issue is …
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High 8.5
Prototype pollution leading to stored XSS
Prototype pollution vulnerability in searchParamsToObject() is leading to a persistent XSS in Maps. URL parameter processing was not filtering dangerous properties like __proto__, combined with jQuery's unsafe element creation that traversed the prototype cha…
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High 7.1
ApostropheCMS: 2nd-order prototype pollution via PATCH leading to single-request persistent DoS
ApostropheCMS is an open-source Node.js content management system. In 4.32.0 and earlier, PATCH /api/v1/article/:id accepts the inherited path toString.call and passes it through the utility module to apos.util.set() and apos.util.get(), allowing an authentic…
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High 8.5
Trigger.dev: Prototype pollution via run metadata operations → process-wide cross-tenant DoS
Trigger.dev is a platform for building and deploying fully managed AI agents and workflows. From 3.3.8 until 4.5.6, the PUT /api/v1/runs/:runId/metadata endpoint passes attacker-controlled operation.key values to new JSONHeroPath(operation.key).set(newMetadat…