Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
How to prevent it (4 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
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System Configuration
Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
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Implementation
Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
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Implementation
Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
Source: MITRE CWE-1333
275 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.2
Axios: ReDoS in fromDataURI data: URL parser freezes the Node event loop (DoS)
Axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.16.1 until 1.20.0, the RFC 2397 regular expression allows slash characters on both sides of the media-type separator. An application passes an attacker-controlled malformed data URL cont…
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High 7.5
nodemailer before 10.0.6 Denial of Service via addressparser
nodemailer before 10.0.6 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the addressparser free-text fallback regex pattern that exhibits quadratic backtracking behavior. Attackers can supply crafted email header values with long whitespace-free runs to block t…
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High 7.1
RabbitMQ: Consecutive topic wildcards cause combinatorial routing work
RabbitMQ is a messaging and streaming broker. Prior to 4.3.5, an authenticated user who can bind a queue to a topic exchange and publish to it can use consecutive # segments in a binding key to make both topic matchers revisit the same trie-node and routing-k…
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High 8.7
Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in Search Query Predicates and REST Filter Endpoints in Gerrit Code Review
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400 / CWE-1333) in regex search query predicates (such as RegexProjectPredicate, RegexRefPredicate, RegexPathPredicate, and sibling predicates) and REST regex filter endpoints (RegexListSearcher /projects/?r= and RefFilt…
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High 7.5
JLine: ReDoS in Built-in Less Viewer Search
JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, the JLine built-in less viewer passes user-controlled search and display-filter patterns from getPattern(boolean doDisplayPattern) in builtins/src/main/java/org/jline/buil…
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High 7.5
JLine: ReDoS in Built-in grep Command Amplified by Automatic `.*` Wrapping
JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, the JLine built-in grep command in builtins/src/main/java/org/jline/builtins/PosixCommands.java accepts a user-controlled regular expression in grep(...) and, unless line-…
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High 7.5
jackson-core: quadratic backtracking in NumberInput.PATTERN_FLOAT via looksLikeValidNumber() enables ReDoS
NumberInput.looksLikeValidNumber() in FasterXML jackson-core pre-validates "stringified numbers" with two regular expressions: PATTERN_FLOAT ([+-]?[0-9]*[\.]?[0-9]+([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?), present since 2.17.0, and PATTERN_FLOAT_TRAILING_DOT, added in 2.17.2. PAT…
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High 7.5
Denial of service via unbounded regex matching in Mongoid's in-memory query matcher
An inefficient regular expression complexity issue in the in-memory query evaluation component of the Mongoid library may allow an unauthenticated party to cause excessive processing within an embedding application process. Applications that place user-suppli…
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High 7.5
Vendure: Unauthenticated ReDoS via `regex` filter on SQLite backends
Vendure is an open-source headless commerce platform. Prior to 3.6.5, the public Shop GraphQL API allows an unauthenticated caller to supply a catastrophically backtracking pattern through StringOperators.regex. packages/core/src/service/helpers/list-query-bu…
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High 7.5
Joi before 17.13.7 and 18.2.6 ReDoS via isoDate
joi (npm package `joi`, hapi.js) versions >=17.2.0 <17.13.7 and >=18.0.0 <18.2.6 are vulnerable to regular expression denial of service in the `Joi.string().isoDate()` validation rule. One of the regular expressions the rule applies to the input is unanchored…
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High 7.1
OpenCTI: User-Controlled ReDoS in JSON Ingestion Mapper
OpenCTI is an open source platform for managing cyber threat intelligence knowledge and observables. Prior to 7.260706.0, the JSON ingestion mapper's extractWithRegexp formula function compiled a user-supplied regular expression with the JavaScript RegExp eng…
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High 8.2
DotVVM: ReDOS in routing
DotVVM is an open source MVVM framework for web applications. Prior to 4.2.11, 4.3.15, and 5.0.0-preview09-final, a route containing multiple unconstrained parameters in one path segment can cause excessive regular-expression backtracking in DotvvmRoute.IsMat…
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High 7.5
jackson-databind: unbounded numeric parse in Duration and XMLGregorianCalendar deserialization allows CPU denial of service
jackson-databind binds a JSON string to a javax.xml.datatype.Duration or javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar field by passing the raw string verbatim to DatatypeFactory.newDuration(value) or newXMLGregorianCalendar(value) in CoreXMLDeserializers.Std._dese…
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High 7.5
GitPython before 3.1.60 Denial of Service via ReDoS
GitPython before 3.1.60 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Actor.name_email_regex that processes commit author and committer fields. Attackers can craft a commit object with a malformed author field containing an unterminated ang…
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High 7.1
n8n: Regular Expression Denial of Service in the Default Blocked-File-Pattern Match via a Git Node Clone Path
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.76, 2.37.7, and 2.38.2, the Git node clone operation matched an attacker-controlled destination path against the default N8N_BLOCK_FILE_PATTERNS regular expression. The pattern ^(./).git(/.)$ …
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High —
Tiptap: Quadratic ReDoS in block and inline Markdown attribute parsing
## Summary `@tiptap/core` contains two quadratic regular-expression denial-of-service paths in its default Markdown attribute parsers. Pandoc-style block attributes use two unanchored greedy expressions that rescan repeated `__QUOTED_0` prefixes. Inline short…
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High 7.5
league/commonmark before 2.9.1 Denial of Service via parsing
league/commonmark versions before 2.9.1 contain multiple denial of service vulnerabilities in fenced code block detection, reference link label lookup, and emphasis delimiter processing that perform super-linear work on crafted input. Attackers can submit spe…
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High 7.5
Allowed UNC hostnames for attachments interpreted as a regular expression
The values of the mail.allowed_attachment_hostnames advanced config setting were used in a regular expression without escaping. For some possible valid hostnames, this could allow certain unintended hostnames to also match and serve remote attachments. This v…
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High 8.7
xmldom: End-tag Whitespace-Trim Regex ReDoS — quadratic backtracking in the 0.8.x end-tag parser
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.7.0 until 0.8.15, the release-0.8.x parser in lib/sax.js trims captured end-tag names with the unanchored global expression /[ \t\n\r]+$/g. For an…
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High 8.7
xmldom PI grammar regex ReDoS: quadratic backtracking on unterminated processing instructions
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.9.0-beta.9 until 0.9.11, the processing-instruction production in lib/grammar.js lets the greedy S+ separator and lazy Char*? data group repeatedl…
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High 7.1
Protego: Exponential backtracking ReDoS in robots.txt URL wildcard matching
Protego is a pure-Python robots.txt parser with support for modern conventions. Prior to 0.6.2, protego._urlpattern._URLPattern._prepare_pattern_for_regex translates every asterisk in an Allow or Disallow directive into a lazy regular-expression wildcard, so …
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High 7.5
NLTK before 3.10.0 ReDoS via Text.findall() unvalidated regex
NLTK versions before 3.10.0 contain a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Text.findall() and TokenSearcher.findall() methods that accept user-supplied regular expressions without validation or timeout. Attackers can supply crafted regex patt…
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High 7.5
Nokogiri before 1.19.3 ReDoS via CSS selector tokenizer
Nokogiri versions before 1.19.3 contain regular expression denial of service vulnerabilities in the CSS selector tokenizer affecting string-literal and identifier tokenization. Attackers can inject adversarial CSS selectors into methods like Node#css, Node#at…
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High 7.5
Denial of Service (DoS) in SAP S/4HANA (Manage Supply Protection)
SAP S/4HANA (Private Cloud) uses a third-party component that contains a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could supply specially crafted input that triggers excessive processing within the affected functi…
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High 7.5
NLTK TweetTokenizer URL Pattern Backtracks Catastrophically on Naked-Domain-Like Input
The URLS regular expression in nltk/tokenize/casual.py, compiled into TweetTokenizer.WORD_RE and applied by TweetTokenizer.tokenize, contains a naked-domain branch whose domain-label prefix [a-z0-9]+(?:[.\-][a-z0-9]+)* is unbounded. Input consisting of many a…
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High 7.5
Logto: ReDoS via unescaped user input in email subaddressing regex (blockSubaddressing)
Logto is the modern, open-source auth infrastructure for SaaS and AI apps. Prior to 1.41.0, Logto's email subaddressing blocklist in packages/core/src/libraries/sign-in-experience/email-blocklist-policy.ts used the attacker-controlled domain from email input …
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High 8.7
sqlparse: TokenList.__init__ materializes O(subtree) value per group, causing CPU DoS before depth/token caps trigger
sqlparse is a non-validating SQL parser module for Python. Prior to 0.6.0, TokenList construction and string conversion in sqlparse/sql.py repeatedly flatten nested token subtrees constructed by group_parenthesis and group_case, causing quadratic CPU consumpt…
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High 7.5
sqlparse: Inefficient Regex Handling of Dollar-Quoted SQL Literals Leads to ReDoS (Denial of Service)
sqlparse is a non-validating SQL parser module for Python. Prior to 0.6.0, SQL_REGEX in sqlparse/keywords.py and the per-position loop in sqlparse/lexer.py repeatedly scan unmatched dollar-quoted literal and multiline-comment delimiters, causing quadratic CPU…
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High 7.5
ParseAcceptLanguage quadratic-time DoS via Locale middleware on unauthenticated requests
ParseAcceptLanguage quadratic-time DoS via Locale middleware on unauthenticated requests
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High 7.5
crmne/ruby_llm at commit fa6f279847d6d7027814539d9c0dfc3bbdfd2a83 contains a polynomial-time regular expression denial-…
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High 7.5
pymdown-extensions: Exponential-backtracking ReDoS in caret, tilde, betterem, and magiclink inline processors
pymdown-extensions is a collection of extensions for the Python Markdown library. In versions up to and including 11.0, four inline processors (caret, tilde, betterem, and magiclink) use regular expressions whose content groups can partition a run of delimite…
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High 8.2
Quadratic regex backtracking in the html_sanitize_ex CSS scrubber allows CPU-exhaustion denial of service
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity vulnerability in the CSS scrubber in rrrene html_sanitize_ex allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to exhaust server CPU via a long CSS declaration in sanitized HTML. The declaration regex in HtmlSanitizeEx.Scrubb…
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High 8.7
In OpenStack Swift through 2.38.0, the proxy server Accept header parser contains a regular expression vulnerable to ca…
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High 8.2
Thumbor treats ALLOWED_SOURCES string patterns as unescaped regex, allowing hostname bypass via wildcard dot
Thumbor is an open-source photo thumbnail service by globo.com. Prior to 7.8.0, the ALLOWED_SOURCES configuration passes plain strings to re.match() without escaping dots, so a hostname differing at dot positions can match the allowlist. This issue is fixed i…
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High 7.5
Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK): ReDoS in NLTK ReviewsCorpusReader FEATURES regex
### Summary `ReviewsCorpusReader` extracts feature annotations of the form *label* followed by a bracketed signed digit (e.g. a label then `[+2]`) from each review line, using the module-level `FEATURES` regex. The feature-label sub-pattern is unbounded — an …
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High 7.5
Date::Manip versions through 7.00 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via quadratic backtracking in the unanchored time substitution in _parse_time
Date::Manip versions through 7.00 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via quadratic backtracking in the unanchored time substitution in _parse_time. _parse_time removes a time from anywhere in the string with the unanchored substitution `s/$timerx/ /`, where $timer…
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High 7.5
HAPI FHIR: ReDoS via FHIRPath matches()/replaceMatches() in FHIR Validator HTTP Endpoint
HAPI FHIR is a complete implementation of the HL7 FHIR standard for healthcare interoperability in Java. Prior to 6.9.9 and 6.9.4.2, all implementations of FHIRPathEngine accept arbitrary FHIRPath expressions and evaluate them without input validation, and th…
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High 7.5
JSONata: Malicious inputs to "$toMillis" function can cause resource exhaustion
JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 2.2.0 and 1.8.9, malicious non-matching inputs to the $toMillis function can cause superlinear backtracking in the ISO-8601 validation regex, leading to denial of service in applications that evalu…
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High 7.5
HTTP::Date versions before 6.08 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via polynomial regex backtracking in parse_date
HTTP::Date versions before 6.08 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via polynomial regex backtracking in parse_date. parse_date() matches the date string against a chain of alternative regexes, and str2time() delegates to it. Several of these patterns place unbound…
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High 7.5
HAPI FHIR: ReDoS via FHIRPath matches()/replaceMatches() in FHIR Validator HTTP Endpoint
HAPI FHIR is a complete implementation of the HL7 FHIR standard for healthcare interoperability in Java. Prior to 6.9.7, the FHIRPathEngine implementation passes user-controlled regular expressions from matches(), matchesFull(), and replaceMatches() to Java r…