Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
The product receives input or data, but it does
not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the
properties that are required to process the data safely and
correctly.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subject to errors or inconsistencies that create weaknesses. [REF-1109] [REF-1110] [REF-1111]
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Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
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Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
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Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
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Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Source: MITRE CWE-20
73 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 4.0CVE-2026-114101 Public exploit
Coraza before 3.8.1 Multipart filename* Charset Handling FILES Rule Bypass
Coraza before 3.8.1 extracts multipart upload filenames with Go's mime.ParseMediaType, which silently ignores RFC 5987 filename* parameters whose charset is not utf-8 or us-ascii. Unauthenticated attackers can send a decoy filename with filename*=iso-8859-1''…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-85314 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-Mail Header Injection via Unfiltered mail.smtp Headers in the MimeMultipart Data Format (Incomplete Fix of CVE-2026-46584)
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Camel Mail component. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.0.0 before 4.18.5, from 4.19.0 before 4.22.1. CVE-2026-46584 addressed mail headers reaching the Exchange without passing through a header filter, …
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Medium 4.8CVE-2026-85312 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-Core Saga Participation Hijacking via the Unfiltered Long-Running-Action Header
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Camel Core component. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.0.0 before 4.18.5, from 4.19.0 before 4.22.1. The saga processor consulted a header named Long-Running-Action to decide which saga an exchange belo…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-85249 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-Tika Header Injection via Unfiltered Document Metadata
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Camel Tika component. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.0.0 before 4.18.5, from 4.19.0 before 4.22.1. The Tika producer mapped every metadata key parsed out of the submitted document onto the Exchange as…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-72711 Public exploit
Lean 4 before 4.32.2 Kernel Accepts Opaque Declaration With an Unbound Free Variable
The Lean 4 kernel does not check that the body of an opaque declaration is closed. environment::add_opaque omits the check_no_metavar_no_fvar call that the definition and theorem paths perform, so a value containing a free variable that is absent from the loc…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-63621 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-Knative: CloudEvent extension fields received in structured content mode were mapped onto message headers without applying any header filter strategy
Improper Input Validation, Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') vulnerability in Apache Camel Knative component The Knative consumer in camel-knative maps inbound CloudEvent attributes onto Camel m…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-59230 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-Mail: the MimeMultipart data format copied MIME headers onto the Camel message without a header filter strategy when unmarshalling with headersInline enabled
Improper input validation vulnerability in Apache Camel. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 2.17.0 before 4.14.9, from 4.15.0 before 4.18.4, from 4.19.0 before 4.22.0. The camel-mail component ships a MimeMultipart data format that can unmarshal a MIME mul…
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Medium 5.4CVE-2026-18504 Public exploit
fastify vulnerable to schema validation bypass via root primitive coercion mismatch
fastify is a fast and low overhead web framework for Node.js. Versions of fastify before 5.12.1 are affected by a schema validation bypass when a request body schema targets a root primitive value. When the schema validates a top-level primitive such as an in…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-65891 Public exploit
Joomla Extension - joomlacontenteditor.net - Creation of hidden files and unintended file overwrite via rename function in Joomla Content Editor (JCE) < 2.9.99.10
Joomla Extension - joomlacontenteditor.net - Creation of hidden files and unintended file overwrite via rename function in Joomla Content Editor (JCE) < 2.20.2 - Improper input validation in the file rename functionality allowed an authenticated user with fil…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-49098 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-Kafka: The kafka.OVERRIDE_TOPIC (and other kafka.*) Exchange header constants used non-Camel-prefixed names that bypass the upstream HTTP header filter, allowing an HTTP client to redirect Kafka messages to an arbitrary topic
Improper Input Validation, Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') vulnerability in Apache Camel Kafka Component. The camel-kafka producer can override its configured target topic at runtime from the …
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-49097 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-IRC: The irc.sendTo (and other irc.*) Exchange header constants used non-Camel-prefixed names that bypass the HTTP header filter, allowing an HTTP client to redirect outgoing IRC messages to arbitrary channels or users
Improper Input Validation, Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') vulnerability in Apache Camel IRC component. The camel-irc producer chooses the destination of an outgoing IRC message from the irc.s…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-49086 Public exploit
Apache Camel Dapr: Pub/Sub consumer copied the inbound CloudEvent's pub/sub-name and topic into producer-direction routing headers, allowing an actor who can publish to the subscribed topic to influence internal behaviour
Improper Input Validation, Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') vulnerability in Apache Camel DAPR component. The camel-dapr Dapr Pub/Sub consumer (DaprPubSubConsumer) copied two fields from each inbound CloudEvent - its Pub/Sub component name…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-48206 Public exploit
Apache Camel JIRA: A set of non-Camel-prefixed Exchange header constants bypass the HTTP header filter, allowing an HTTP client to drive arbitrary JIRA issue operations using the endpoint's configured credentials
Improper Input Validation, Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Apache Camel JIRA component. The camel-jira producers read their operation parameters - the issue key, project key, transition id, summary, type, assignee, components…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-46453 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-Elasticsearch-Rest-Client: Exchange header constants without the Camel prefix bypass inbound HTTP header filtering, allowing untrusted clients to override the Elasticsearch query and operation
Improper Input Validation, Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Apache Camel ElasticSearch Rest Client. The camel-elasticsearch-rest-client component reads several Exchange headers to control its behaviour - SEARCH_QUERY (an advan…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-11105 Public exploit
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in WebUI in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker w…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-20685 Public exploit
An attacker in a privileged network position may be able to leak sensitive information. A path handling issue was addre…
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Medium 5.6CVE-2026-7669 Public exploit
sgl-project SGLang HuggingFace Transformer hf_transformers_utils.py get_tokenizer code injection
A vulnerability was detected in sgl-project SGLang up to 0.5.9. Impacted is the function get_tokenizer of the file python/sglang/srt/utils/hf_transformers_utils.py of the component HuggingFace Transformer Handler. The manipulation of the argument trust_remote…
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Medium 6.5
Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability
Improper input validation in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
KEV Apr 14, 2026 -
Medium 6.1CVE-2026-34980 Public exploit
OpenPrinting CUPS: Shared PostScript queue lets anonymous Print-Job requests reach `lp` code execution over the network
OpenPrinting CUPS is an open source printing system for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. In versions 2.4.16 and prior, in a network-exposed cupsd with a shared target queue, an unauthorized client can send a Print-Job to that shared PostScript que…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-29909 Public exploit
MRCMS V3.1.2 contains an unauthenticated directory enumeration vulnerability in the file management module. The /admin/…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-33936 Public exploit
python-ecdsa: Denial of Service via improper DER length validation in crafted private keys
The `ecdsa` PyPI package is a pure Python implementation of ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) with support for ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm), EdDSA (Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm) and ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman). Prio…
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Medium 5.4CVE-2026-20643 Public exploit
A cross-origin issue in the Navigation API was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Backgro…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-60012 Public exploit
Apache Livy: Restrict file access
Malicious configuration can lead to unauthorized file access in Apache Livy. This issue affects Apache Livy 0.7.0 and 0.8.0 when connecting to Apache Spark 3.1 or later. A request that includes a Spark configuration value supported from Apache Spark version 3…
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Medium 6.2CVE-2026-0014 Public exploit
In isPackageNullOrSystem of AppOpsService.java, there is a possible persistent denial of service due to improper input …
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Medium 5.5CVE-2026-2898 Public exploit
funadmin Backend Endpoint AuthCloudService.php getMember deserialization
A vulnerability was detected in funadmin up to 7.1.0-rc4. This issue affects the function getMember of the file app/common/service/AuthCloudService.php of the component Backend Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument cloud_account results in deserializatio…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-24733 Public exploit
Apache Tomcat: Security constraint bypass with HTTP/0.9
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Tomcat did not limit HTTP/0.9 requests to the GET method. If a security constraint was configured to allow HEAD requests to a URI but deny GET requests, the user could bypass that constraint on GET req…
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Medium 5.5CVE-2025-65264 Public exploit
The kernel driver of CPUID CPU-Z v2.17 and earlier does not validate user-supplied values passed via its IOCTL interfac…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2025-46047 Public exploit
Silverpeas Core Username Enumeration Vulnerability
A User enumeration vulnerability in the /CredentialsServlet/ForgotPassword endpoint in Silverpeas 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 allows remote attackers to determine valid usernames via the Login parameter.
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Medium 4.8CVE-2025-8571 Public exploit
Concrete CMS 9 through 9.4.2 and below 8.5.21 is vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Conversation Messages Dashboard Page
Concrete CMS 9 to 9.4.2 and versions below 8.5.21 are vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in the Conversation Messages Dashboard Page. Unsanitized input could cause theft of session cookies or tokens, defacement of web content, redirection to m…
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Medium 4.8CVE-2025-6563 Public exploit
Cross-site scripting via dst parameter in RouterOS WiFi hotspot
A cross-site scripting vulnerability is present in the hotspot of MikroTik's RouterOS on versions below 7.19.2. An attacker can inject the `javascript` protocol in the `dst` parameter. When the victim browses to the malicious URL and logs in, the XSS executes…
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Medium 6.7CVE-2025-47171 Public exploit
Microsoft Outlook Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper input validation in Microsoft Office Outlook allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.
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Medium 4.4CVE-2025-22870 Public exploit
HTTP Proxy bypass using IPv6 Zone IDs in golang.org/x/net
Matching of hosts against proxy patterns can improperly treat an IPv6 zone ID as a hostname component. For example, when the NO_PROXY environment variable is set to "*.example.com", a request to "[::1%25.example.com]:80` will incorrectly match and not be prox…
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Medium 6.0CVE-2024-21978 Public exploit
Improper input validation in SEV-SNP could allow a malicious hypervisor to read or overwrite guest memory potentially l…
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Medium 6.8CVE-2024-34693 Public exploit
Apache Superset: Server arbitrary file read
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Superset, allows for an authenticated attacker to create a MariaDB connection with local_infile enabled. If both the MariaDB server (off by default) and the local mysql client on the web server are set to allo…
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Medium 4.8CVE-2024-20405 Public exploit
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Finesse could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker …
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Medium 5.3CVE-2024-0710 Public exploit
GP Unique ID <= 1.5.5 - Unauthenticated Form Submission Unique ID Modification
The GP Unique ID plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Unique ID Modification in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.5. This is due to insufficient input validation. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to tamper with the generation of a un…
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Medium 6.2
Numbas editor before 7.3 mishandles editing of themes and extensions.
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Medium 6.5
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
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Medium 6.5
Privilege Escalation by Code Injection in the Management Console in GitHub Enterprise Server
An attacker with access to a Management Console user account with the editor role could escalate privileges through a command injection vulnerability in the Management Console. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server and was fixed…
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Medium 6.6CVE-2024-20666 Public exploit
BitLocker Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
BitLocker Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability