Weakness (CWE)
CWE-311: Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify which data or resources are valuable enough that they should be protected by encryption. Require that any transmission or storage of this data/resource should use well-vetted encryption algorithms.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that encryption is properly integrated into the system design, including but not necessarily limited to:
- Encryption that is needed to store or transmit private data of the users of the system
- Encryption that is needed to protect the system itself from unauthorized disclosure or tampering
Identify the separate needs and contexts for encryption:
- One-way (i.e., only the user or recipient needs to have the key). This can be achieved using public key cryptography, or other techniques in which the encrypting party (i.e., the product) does not need to have access to a private key.
- Two-way (i.e., the encryption can be automatically performed on behalf of a user, but the key must be available so that the plaintext can be automatically recoverable by that user). This requires storage of the private key in a format that is recoverable only by the user (or perhaps by the operating system) in a way that cannot be recovered by others.
Using threat modeling or other techniques, assume that data can be compromised through a separate vulnerability or weakness, and determine where encryption will be most effective. Ensure that data that should be private is not being inadvertently exposed using weaknesses such as insecure permissions (CWE-732). [REF-7]
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Architecture and Design
When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification.
Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
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Architecture and Design
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
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Implementation, Architecture and Design
When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
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Implementation
Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.
Source: MITRE CWE-311
185 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.5
Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data in Apache Guacamole
Prior to 1.0.0, Apache Guacamole used a cookie for client-side storage of the user's session token. This cookie lacked the "secure" flag, which could allow an attacker eavesdropping on the network to intercept the user's session token if unencrypted HTTP requ…
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High 7.3
Ansible Tower before version 3.3.3 does not set a secure channel as it is using the default insecure configuration chan…
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High 7.2
Craft CMS Vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection
Craft CMS through 3.0.34 allows remote authenticated administrators to read sensitive information via server-side template injection, as demonstrated by a {% string for craft.app.config.DB.user and craft.app.config.DB.password in the URI Format of the Site Se…
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High 7.8
Ansible Leaks Data Passed to ssh-keygen
Ansible "User" module leaks any data which is passed on as a parameter to ssh-keygen. This could lean in undesirable situations such as passphrases credentials passed as a parameter for the ssh-keygen executable. Showing those credentials in clear text form f…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in react-native-baidu-voice-synthesizer
react-native-baidu-voice-synthesizer is a baidu voice speech synthesizer for react native. react-native-baidu-voice-synthesizer downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in windows-latestchromedriver
windows-latestchromedriver downloads the latest version of chromedriver.exe. windows-latestchromedriver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out t…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in npm-test-sqlite3-trunk
The npm-test-sqlite3-trunk module provides asynchronous, non-blocking SQLite3 bindings. npm-test-sqlite3-trunk downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swappin…
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High —
hubl-server downloads resources over HTTP
The hubl-server module is a wrapper for the HubL Development Server. During installation hubl-server downloads a set of dependencies from api.hubapi.com. It appears in the code that these files are downloaded over HTTPS however the api.hubapi.com endpoint red…
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High 8.1
gfe-sass downloads Resources over HTTP
gfe-sass is a library for promises (CommonJS/Promises/A,B,D) gfe-sass downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker c…
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High —
ikst Downloads Resources over HTTP
ikst versions before 1.1.2 download resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in healthcenter
healthcenter - IBM Monitoring and Diagnostic Tools health Center agent healthcenter downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resourc…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in sfml
sfml downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in haxe-dev
haxe-dev is a cross-platform toolkit. haxe-dev downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binary if…
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High 8.1
ipip-coffee downloads Resources over HTTP
ipip-coffee queries geolocation information from IP ipip-coffee downloads geolocation resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. This could impact the integrity and availability of the data being used to make geolocation decisions by an …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in windows-seleniumjar-mirror
windows-seleniumjar-mirror downloads the Selenium Jar file windows-seleniumjar-mirror downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resou…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in mystem-wrapper
mystem-wrapper is a Yandex mystem app wrapper module. mystem-wrapper downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an atta…
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High 8.1
herbivore downloads Resources over HTTP
herbivore is a packet sniffing and crafting library. Built on libtins herbivore 0.0.3 and below download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the reques…
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High 8.1
mystem downloads Resources over HTTP
mystem is a Node.js wrapper for MyStem morphology text analyzer by Yandex.ru mystem downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary …
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High 8.1
prebuild-lwip downloads Resources over HTTP
prebuild-lwip is a module for comprehensive, fast, and simple image processing and manipulation. prebuild-lwip downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in node-air-sdk
node-air-sdk is an AIR SDK for nodejs. node-air-sdk downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled bina…
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High 8.1
fis-sass-all downloads Resources over HTTP
fis-sass-all is another libsass wrapper for node. fis-sass-all downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker c…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in serc.js
serc.js is a Selenium RC process wrapper serc.js downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker controlled copy…
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High 8.1
openframe-ascii-image downloads Resources over HTTP
openframe-ascii-image module is an openframe plugin which adds support for ascii images via fim. openframe-ascii-image downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swappi…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in webdriver-launcher
webdriver-launcher is a Node.js Selenium Webdriver Launcher. webdriver-launcher downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with…
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High 8.1
wixtoolset downloads Resources over HTTP
wixtoolset is a Node module wrapper around the wixtoolset binaries wixtoolset downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources wit…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in cmake
cmake installs the cmake x86 linux binaries. cmake downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binar…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in grunt-ccompiler
grunt-ccompiler is a Closure Compiler Grunt Plugin. grunt-ccompiler downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker…
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High 8.1
frames-compiler downloads Resources over HTTP
frames-compiler downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binary if the attacker is on the network…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in selenium-portal
selenium-portal is a Selenium Testing Framework selenium-portal downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in phantomjs-cheniu
phantomjs-cheniu is a Headless WebKit with JS API phantomjs-cheniu downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attack…
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High 8.1
clang-extra downloads Resources over HTTP
The clang-extra module installs LLVM's clang-extra tools. clang-extra downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an att…
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High 8.1
grunt-images downloads Resources over HTTP
grunt-images is a grunt plugin for processing images. grunt-images downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in js-given
js-given is a JavaScript frontend to jgiven. js-given downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled bi…
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High 8.1
windows-seleniumjar downloads Resources over HTTP
windows-seleniumjar is a module that downloads the Selenium Jar file windows-seleniumjar downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested re…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in node-bsdiff-android
node-bsdiff-android downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in co-cli-installer
co-cli-installer downloads the co-cli module as part of the install process, but does so over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker co…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in haxe3
Haxe 3 : The Cross-Platform Toolkit (a fork from David Mouton's damoebius/haxe-npm) haxe3 downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resource…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in rs-brightcove
rs-brightcove is a wrapper around brightcove's web api rs-brightcove downloads source file resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in tomita
tomita is a node wrapper for Yandex Tomita Parser tomita downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker control…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in qbs
qbs is a build tool that helps simplify the build process for developing projects across multiple platforms. qbs downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapp…