Weakness (CWE)
CWE-311: Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify which data or resources are valuable enough that they should be protected by encryption. Require that any transmission or storage of this data/resource should use well-vetted encryption algorithms.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that encryption is properly integrated into the system design, including but not necessarily limited to:
- Encryption that is needed to store or transmit private data of the users of the system
- Encryption that is needed to protect the system itself from unauthorized disclosure or tampering
Identify the separate needs and contexts for encryption:
- One-way (i.e., only the user or recipient needs to have the key). This can be achieved using public key cryptography, or other techniques in which the encrypting party (i.e., the product) does not need to have access to a private key.
- Two-way (i.e., the encryption can be automatically performed on behalf of a user, but the key must be available so that the plaintext can be automatically recoverable by that user). This requires storage of the private key in a format that is recoverable only by the user (or perhaps by the operating system) in a way that cannot be recovered by others.
Using threat modeling or other techniques, assume that data can be compromised through a separate vulnerability or weakness, and determine where encryption will be most effective. Ensure that data that should be private is not being inadvertently exposed using weaknesses such as insecure permissions (CWE-732). [REF-7]
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Architecture and Design
When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification.
Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
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Architecture and Design
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
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Implementation, Architecture and Design
When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
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Implementation
Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.
Source: MITRE CWE-311
185 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Downloads Resources over HTTP in node-thulac
node-thulac is a node binding for thulac. node-thulac downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled bi…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in soci
soci downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker controlled copy if the attacker is on the network or positi…
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High 8.1
cloudpub-redis downloads Resources over HTTP
cloudpub-redis is a module for CloudPub: Redis Backend cloudpub-redis downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an att…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in pm2-kafka
pm2-kafka is a PM2 module that installs and runs a kafka server pm2-kafka downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in pk-app-wonderbox
pk-app-wonderbox is an integration with wonderbox pk-app-wonderbox downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attack…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in fis-parser-sass-bin
fis-parser-sass-bin a plugin for fis to compile sass using node-sass-binaries. fis-parser-sass-bin downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the re…
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High 8.1
libsbml downloads Resources over HTTP
libsbml is a module that installs Linux binaries for libSBML libsbml downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker co…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in alto-saxophone
alto-saxophone is a module to install and launch Chromedriver for Mac, Linux or Windows. alto-saxophone versions below 2.25.1 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (R…
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High 8.1
libsbmlsim downloads Resources over HTTP
libsbmlsim is a module that installs linux binaries for libsbmlsim libsbmlsim downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources wit…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in windows-iedriver
The windows-iedriver module downloads fixed version of iedriverserver.exe windows-iedriver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested …
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High 8.1
marionette-socket-host downloads Resources over HTTP
marionette-socket-host is a marionette-js-runner host for sending actions over a socket. marionette-socket-host downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swappi…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in google-closure-tools-latest
google-closure-tools-latest is a Node.js module wrapper for downloading the latest version of the Google Closure tools google-closure-tools-latest downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause re…
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High 8.1
xd-testing Downloads Resources over HTTP
xd-testing is a testing library for cross-device (XD) web applications. xd-testing downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary w…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in redis-srvr
redis-srvr is a npm wrapper for redis-server. redis-srvr downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in resourcehacker
resourcehacker is a Node wrapper of Resource Hacker (windows executable resource editor). resourcehacker downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out …
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High 8.1
windows-selenium-chromedriver downloads Resources over HTTP
windows-selenium-chromedriver is a module that downloads the Selenium Jar file. windows-selenium-chromedriver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in jstestdriver
jstestdriver is a wrapper for Google's jstestdriver. jstestdriver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker c…
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High 8.1
slimerjs-edge downloads Resources over HTTP
slimerjs-edge is a npm wrapper for installing the bleeding edge version of slimerjs. slimerjs-edge downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the re…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in unicode-json
unicode-json is a unicode lookup table. unicode-json before 2.0.0 downloads data resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in openframe-image
openframe-image is an Openframe extension which adds support for images via fbi. openframe-image downloads data resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in kindlegen
Kindlegen is a simple Node.js wrapper of the official kindlegen program. Kindlegen versions before 1.1.0 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out t…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in bionode-sra
bionode-sra is a Node.js wrapper for SRA Toolkit. bionode-sra downloads data resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High 8.1
steroids downloads resources over HTTP
Steroids is PhoneGap on Steroids, providing native UI elements, multiple WebViews and enhancements for better developer productivity. steroids downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in httpsync
httpsync is a port of libcurl to node.js. httpsync downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binar…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in haxe
haxe is a cross-platform toolkit haxe downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested zip file with an attacker controlled zip file if the …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in libxl
libxl provides Node bindings for the libxl library for reading and writing excel (XLS and XLSX) spreadsheets. libxl downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by sw…
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High 8.1
selenium-chromedriver Downloads Resources over HTTP
selenium-chromedriver is a simple utility for downloading the Selenium Webdriver for Google Chrome selenium-chromedriver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) …
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High 8.1
apk-parser2 downloads Resources over HTTP
apk-parser2 is a module which extracts Android Manifest info from an APK file. apk-parser2 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested …
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High 8.1
dalek-browser-ie downloads Resources over HTTP
dalek-browser-ie is Internet Explorer bindings for DalekJS. dalek-browser-ie downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in grunt-webdriver-qunit
grunt-webdriver-qunit is a grunt plugin to run qunit with webdriver in grunt grunt-webdriver-qunit downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the re…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in atom-node-module-installer
atom-node-module-installer installs node modules for atom-shell applications. atom-node-module-installer binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the reques…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in curses
curses is bindings for the native curses library, a full featured console IO library. curses downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requeste…
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High 8.1
fuseki downloads Resources over HTTP
Fuseki server wrapper and management API in fuseki before 1.0.1 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker …
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High 8.1
node-browser downloads Resources over HTTP
node-browser is a wrapper webdriver by nodejs. node-browser downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High 8.1
closurecompiler downloads Resources over HTTP
closurecompiler is a Closure Compiler for node.js. closurecompiler downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in air-sdk
air-sdk is a NPM wrapper for the Adobe AIR SDK. air-sdk downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled …
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High —
scalajs-standalone-bin Downloads Resources over HTTP
scala-standalone-bin is a Binary wrapper for ScalaJS. scala-standalone-bin downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an a…
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High 8.1
Downloads Resources over HTTP in mystem3
mystem3 is a NodeJS wrapper for the Yandex MyStem 3. mystem3 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker contro…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in jvminstall
jvminstall is a module for downloading and unpacking jvm to local system. jvminstall downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary…
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Downloads Resources over HTTP in cobalt-cli
cobalt-cli downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.