Weakness (CWE)
CWE-311: Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify which data or resources are valuable enough that they should be protected by encryption. Require that any transmission or storage of this data/resource should use well-vetted encryption algorithms.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that encryption is properly integrated into the system design, including but not necessarily limited to:
- Encryption that is needed to store or transmit private data of the users of the system
- Encryption that is needed to protect the system itself from unauthorized disclosure or tampering
Identify the separate needs and contexts for encryption:
- One-way (i.e., only the user or recipient needs to have the key). This can be achieved using public key cryptography, or other techniques in which the encrypting party (i.e., the product) does not need to have access to a private key.
- Two-way (i.e., the encryption can be automatically performed on behalf of a user, but the key must be available so that the plaintext can be automatically recoverable by that user). This requires storage of the private key in a format that is recoverable only by the user (or perhaps by the operating system) in a way that cannot be recovered by others.
Using threat modeling or other techniques, assume that data can be compromised through a separate vulnerability or weakness, and determine where encryption will be most effective. Ensure that data that should be private is not being inadvertently exposed using weaknesses such as insecure permissions (CWE-732). [REF-7]
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Architecture and Design
When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification.
Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
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Architecture and Design
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
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Implementation, Architecture and Design
When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
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Implementation
Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.
Source: MITRE CWE-311
185 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Downloads Resources over HTTP in webrtc-native
webrtc-native uses WebRTC from chromium project. webrtc-native downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker cont…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in install-g-test
install-g-test downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High 8.1
chromedriver Downloads Resources over HTTP
Chromedriver is an NPM wrapper for selenium ChromeDriver. Chromedriver before 2.26.1 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary…
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High 8.1
nw-with-arm downloads Resources over HTTP
nw-with-arm is a NW Installer including ARM-Build. nw-with-arm downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker cont…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in box2d-native
box2d-native downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binary if the attacker is on the network or…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in imageoptim
imageoptim is a Node.js wrapper for some images compression algorithms. imageoptim downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested tarball …
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High 7.5
robot-js downloads Resources over HTTP
robot-js is a module for native system automation for node.js. robot-js downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an atta…
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High 8.1
sauce-connect downloads Resources over HTTP
sauce-connect is a Node.js wrapper over the SauceLabs SauceConnect.jar program for establishing a secure tunnel for intranet testing. sauce-connect downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause r…
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High 8.1
headless-browser-lite downloads Resources over HTTP
headless-browser-lite is a minimal npm installer for phantomjs and slimerjs with no external dependencies. headless-browser-lite downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code executio…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in apk-parser3
apk-parser3 is a module to extract Android Manifest info from an APK file. apk-parser3 versions before 0.1.3 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping o…
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High —
arrayfire-js downloads Resources over HTTP
arrayfire-js is a module for ArrayFire for the Node.js platform. arrayfire-js downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with a…
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High 8.1
dalek-browser-chrome Downloads Resources over HTTP
dalek-browser-chrome is Google Chrome bindings for DalekJS. dalek-browser-chrome downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary wit…
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High 8.1
Downloads Resources over HTTP in nw
nw is an installer for nw.js. nw downloads zipped resources over HTTP, It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested zip file with an attacker controlled binary if the attacker is on the network or positioned in between…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in fibjs
fibjs is a runtime for javascript applictions built on google v8 JS. fibjs downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an a…
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High 8.1
jdf-sass downloads Resources over HTTP
jdf-sass is a fork from node-sass, jdf use only. jdf-sass downloads executable resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested file with an attacker control…
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High 8.1
selenium-wrapper downloads Resources over HTTP
selenium-wrapper is a selenium server wrapper, including installation and chrome webdriver. selenium-wrapper downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping …
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High —
nodeschnaps downloads resources over HTTP
nodeschnaps is a NodeJS compatibility layer for Java (Rhino). nodeschnaps downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an at…
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High 8.1
chromedriver126 downloads Resources over HTTP
chromedriver126 is chromedriver version 1.26 for linux OS. chromedriver126 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an a…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in openframe-glslviewer
openframe-glsviewer is a Openframe extension which adds support for shaders via glslViewer. openframe-glsviewer downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swappi…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in pennyworth
pennyworth is a natural language templating engine. pennyworth downloads data resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High 8.1
Downloads Resources over HTTP in wasdk
wasdk is a toolkit for creating WebAssembly modules. wasdk downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controll…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in nodewebkit
nodewebkit is an installer for node-webkit. nodewebkit downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested zip file with an attacker controlled…
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High 8.1
dwebp-bin downloads Resources over HTTP
dwebp-bin is a dwebp node.js wrapper that convert WebP into PNG. dwebp-bin downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an a…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in macaca-chromedriver-zxa
macaca-chromedriver-zxa is a Node.js wrapper for the selenium chromedriver. macaca-chromedriver-zxa downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the r…
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High 8.1
dalek-browser-ie-canary downloads Resources over HTTP
dalek-browser-ie-canary is Internet Explorer bindings for DalekJS. dalek-browser-ie-canary downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested …
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High 8.1
closure-util downloads Resources over HTTP
closure-utils is Utilities for Closure Library based projects. closure-utils downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an…
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High 8.1
appium-chromedriver downloads Resources over HTTP
appium-chromedriver is a Node.js wrapper around Chromedriver. Versions below 2.9.4 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves the module vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested b…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in operadriver
operadriver is a Opera Driver for Selenium. operadriver versions below 0.2.3 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in bkjs-wand
bkjs-wand is imagemagick wand support for node.js and backendjs bkjs-wand versions lower than 0.3.2 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the re…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in apk-parser
apk-parser is a tool to extract Android Manifest info from an APK file. apk-parser versions below 0.1.6 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out th…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in embedza
embedza is a module to create HTML snippets/embeds from URLs using info from oEmbed, Open Graph, meta tags. embedza versions below 1.2.4 download JavaScript resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote co…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in go-ipfs-dep
During the installation process, the go-ipfs-deps module before 0.4.4 insecurely downloads resources over HTTP. This allows for a MITM attack to compromise the integrity of the resources used by this module and could allow for further compromise.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in galenframework-cli
galenframework-cli is the node wrapper for the Galen Framework. galenframework-cli below 2.3.1 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the request…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in mongodb-instance
mongodb-instance before 0.0.3 installs mongodb locally. mongodb-instance downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an att…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in iedriver
iedriver is an NPM wrapper for Selenium IEDriver. iedriver versions below 3.0.0 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves the module vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested bina…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in tomita-parser
tomita-parser is a Node wrapper for Yandex Tomita Parser tomita-parser downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an at…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in broccoli-closure
broccoli-closure is a Closure compiler plugin for Broccoli. broccoli-closure before 1.3.1 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested b…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in native-opencv
native-opencv is the OpenCV library installed via npm native-opencv downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attac…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in unicode
unicode loads unicode data downloaded from unicode.org into nodejs. Unicode before 9.0.0 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High 8.1
selenium-binaries downloads resources over HTTP
selenium-binaries downloads Selenium related binaries for your OS. selenium-binaries downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary…