Weakness (CWE)
CWE-311: Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify which data or resources are valuable enough that they should be protected by encryption. Require that any transmission or storage of this data/resource should use well-vetted encryption algorithms.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that encryption is properly integrated into the system design, including but not necessarily limited to:
- Encryption that is needed to store or transmit private data of the users of the system
- Encryption that is needed to protect the system itself from unauthorized disclosure or tampering
Identify the separate needs and contexts for encryption:
- One-way (i.e., only the user or recipient needs to have the key). This can be achieved using public key cryptography, or other techniques in which the encrypting party (i.e., the product) does not need to have access to a private key.
- Two-way (i.e., the encryption can be automatically performed on behalf of a user, but the key must be available so that the plaintext can be automatically recoverable by that user). This requires storage of the private key in a format that is recoverable only by the user (or perhaps by the operating system) in a way that cannot be recovered by others.
Using threat modeling or other techniques, assume that data can be compromised through a separate vulnerability or weakness, and determine where encryption will be most effective. Ensure that data that should be private is not being inadvertently exposed using weaknesses such as insecure permissions (CWE-732). [REF-7]
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Architecture and Design
When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification.
Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
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Architecture and Design
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
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Implementation, Architecture and Design
When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
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Implementation
Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.
Source: MITRE CWE-311
383 results · Feed
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High 8.1
herbivore downloads Resources over HTTP
herbivore is a packet sniffing and crafting library. Built on libtins herbivore 0.0.3 and below download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the reques…
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High 8.1
mystem downloads Resources over HTTP
mystem is a Node.js wrapper for MyStem morphology text analyzer by Yandex.ru mystem downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary …
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High 8.1
prebuild-lwip downloads Resources over HTTP
prebuild-lwip is a module for comprehensive, fast, and simple image processing and manipulation. prebuild-lwip downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in node-air-sdk
node-air-sdk is an AIR SDK for nodejs. node-air-sdk downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled bina…
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High 8.1
fis-sass-all downloads Resources over HTTP
fis-sass-all is another libsass wrapper for node. fis-sass-all downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker c…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in serc.js
serc.js is a Selenium RC process wrapper serc.js downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker controlled copy…
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High 8.1
openframe-ascii-image downloads Resources over HTTP
openframe-ascii-image module is an openframe plugin which adds support for ascii images via fim. openframe-ascii-image downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swappi…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in webdriver-launcher
webdriver-launcher is a Node.js Selenium Webdriver Launcher. webdriver-launcher downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with…
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High 8.1
wixtoolset downloads Resources over HTTP
wixtoolset is a Node module wrapper around the wixtoolset binaries wixtoolset downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources wit…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in cmake
cmake installs the cmake x86 linux binaries. cmake downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binar…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in grunt-ccompiler
grunt-ccompiler is a Closure Compiler Grunt Plugin. grunt-ccompiler downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker…
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High 8.1
frames-compiler downloads Resources over HTTP
frames-compiler downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binary if the attacker is on the network…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in selenium-portal
selenium-portal is a Selenium Testing Framework selenium-portal downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in phantomjs-cheniu
phantomjs-cheniu is a Headless WebKit with JS API phantomjs-cheniu downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attack…
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High 8.1
clang-extra downloads Resources over HTTP
The clang-extra module installs LLVM's clang-extra tools. clang-extra downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an att…
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High 8.1
grunt-images downloads Resources over HTTP
grunt-images is a grunt plugin for processing images. grunt-images downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in js-given
js-given is a JavaScript frontend to jgiven. js-given downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled bi…
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High 8.1
windows-seleniumjar downloads Resources over HTTP
windows-seleniumjar is a module that downloads the Selenium Jar file windows-seleniumjar downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested re…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in node-bsdiff-android
node-bsdiff-android downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in co-cli-installer
co-cli-installer downloads the co-cli module as part of the install process, but does so over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker co…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in haxe3
Haxe 3 : The Cross-Platform Toolkit (a fork from David Mouton's damoebius/haxe-npm) haxe3 downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resource…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in rs-brightcove
rs-brightcove is a wrapper around brightcove's web api rs-brightcove downloads source file resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in tomita
tomita is a node wrapper for Yandex Tomita Parser tomita downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker control…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in qbs
qbs is a build tool that helps simplify the build process for developing projects across multiple platforms. qbs downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapp…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in node-thulac
node-thulac is a node binding for thulac. node-thulac downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled bi…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in soci
soci downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker controlled copy if the attacker is on the network or positi…
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High 8.1
cloudpub-redis downloads Resources over HTTP
cloudpub-redis is a module for CloudPub: Redis Backend cloudpub-redis downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an att…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in pm2-kafka
pm2-kafka is a PM2 module that installs and runs a kafka server pm2-kafka downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in pk-app-wonderbox
pk-app-wonderbox is an integration with wonderbox pk-app-wonderbox downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attack…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in fis-parser-sass-bin
fis-parser-sass-bin a plugin for fis to compile sass using node-sass-binaries. fis-parser-sass-bin downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the re…
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High 8.1
libsbml downloads Resources over HTTP
libsbml is a module that installs Linux binaries for libSBML libsbml downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker co…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in alto-saxophone
alto-saxophone is a module to install and launch Chromedriver for Mac, Linux or Windows. alto-saxophone versions below 2.25.1 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (R…
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High 8.1
libsbmlsim downloads Resources over HTTP
libsbmlsim is a module that installs linux binaries for libsbmlsim libsbmlsim downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources wit…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in windows-iedriver
The windows-iedriver module downloads fixed version of iedriverserver.exe windows-iedriver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested …
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High 8.1
marionette-socket-host downloads Resources over HTTP
marionette-socket-host is a marionette-js-runner host for sending actions over a socket. marionette-socket-host downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swappi…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in google-closure-tools-latest
google-closure-tools-latest is a Node.js module wrapper for downloading the latest version of the Google Closure tools google-closure-tools-latest downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause re…
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High 8.1
xd-testing Downloads Resources over HTTP
xd-testing is a testing library for cross-device (XD) web applications. xd-testing downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary w…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in redis-srvr
redis-srvr is a npm wrapper for redis-server. redis-srvr downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in resourcehacker
resourcehacker is a Node wrapper of Resource Hacker (windows executable resource editor). resourcehacker downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out …
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High 8.1
windows-selenium-chromedriver downloads Resources over HTTP
windows-selenium-chromedriver is a module that downloads the Selenium Jar file. windows-selenium-chromedriver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping…