Weakness (CWE)
CWE-311: Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify which data or resources are valuable enough that they should be protected by encryption. Require that any transmission or storage of this data/resource should use well-vetted encryption algorithms.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that encryption is properly integrated into the system design, including but not necessarily limited to:
- Encryption that is needed to store or transmit private data of the users of the system
- Encryption that is needed to protect the system itself from unauthorized disclosure or tampering
Identify the separate needs and contexts for encryption:
- One-way (i.e., only the user or recipient needs to have the key). This can be achieved using public key cryptography, or other techniques in which the encrypting party (i.e., the product) does not need to have access to a private key.
- Two-way (i.e., the encryption can be automatically performed on behalf of a user, but the key must be available so that the plaintext can be automatically recoverable by that user). This requires storage of the private key in a format that is recoverable only by the user (or perhaps by the operating system) in a way that cannot be recovered by others.
Using threat modeling or other techniques, assume that data can be compromised through a separate vulnerability or weakness, and determine where encryption will be most effective. Ensure that data that should be private is not being inadvertently exposed using weaknesses such as insecure permissions (CWE-732). [REF-7]
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Architecture and Design
When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification.
Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
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Architecture and Design
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
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Implementation, Architecture and Design
When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
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Implementation
Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.
Source: MITRE CWE-311
383 results · Feed
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in jstestdriver
jstestdriver is a wrapper for Google's jstestdriver. jstestdriver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker c…
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High 8.1
slimerjs-edge downloads Resources over HTTP
slimerjs-edge is a npm wrapper for installing the bleeding edge version of slimerjs. slimerjs-edge downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the re…
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Medium —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in arcanist
arcanist downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker controlled copy if the attacker is on the network or positione…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in unicode-json
unicode-json is a unicode lookup table. unicode-json before 2.0.0 downloads data resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in openframe-image
openframe-image is an Openframe extension which adds support for images via fbi. openframe-image downloads data resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in kindlegen
Kindlegen is a simple Node.js wrapper of the official kindlegen program. Kindlegen versions before 1.1.0 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out t…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in bionode-sra
bionode-sra is a Node.js wrapper for SRA Toolkit. bionode-sra downloads data resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High 8.1
steroids downloads resources over HTTP
Steroids is PhoneGap on Steroids, providing native UI elements, multiple WebViews and enhancements for better developer productivity. steroids downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in httpsync
httpsync is a port of libcurl to node.js. httpsync downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binar…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in haxe
haxe is a cross-platform toolkit haxe downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested zip file with an attacker controlled zip file if the …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in libxl
libxl provides Node bindings for the libxl library for reading and writing excel (XLS and XLSX) spreadsheets. libxl downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by sw…
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High 8.1
selenium-chromedriver Downloads Resources over HTTP
selenium-chromedriver is a simple utility for downloading the Selenium Webdriver for Google Chrome selenium-chromedriver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) …
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High 8.1
apk-parser2 downloads Resources over HTTP
apk-parser2 is a module which extracts Android Manifest info from an APK file. apk-parser2 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested …
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High 8.1
dalek-browser-ie downloads Resources over HTTP
dalek-browser-ie is Internet Explorer bindings for DalekJS. dalek-browser-ie downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in grunt-webdriver-qunit
grunt-webdriver-qunit is a grunt plugin to run qunit with webdriver in grunt grunt-webdriver-qunit downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the re…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in atom-node-module-installer
atom-node-module-installer installs node modules for atom-shell applications. atom-node-module-installer binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the reques…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in curses
curses is bindings for the native curses library, a full featured console IO library. curses downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requeste…
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High 8.1
fuseki downloads Resources over HTTP
Fuseki server wrapper and management API in fuseki before 1.0.1 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker …
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High 8.1
node-browser downloads Resources over HTTP
node-browser is a wrapper webdriver by nodejs. node-browser downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High 8.1
closurecompiler downloads Resources over HTTP
closurecompiler is a Closure Compiler for node.js. closurecompiler downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker …
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in air-sdk
air-sdk is a NPM wrapper for the Adobe AIR SDK. air-sdk downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled …
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High —
scalajs-standalone-bin Downloads Resources over HTTP
scala-standalone-bin is a Binary wrapper for ScalaJS. scala-standalone-bin downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an a…
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High 8.1
Downloads Resources over HTTP in mystem3
mystem3 is a NodeJS wrapper for the Yandex MyStem 3. mystem3 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker contro…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in jvminstall
jvminstall is a module for downloading and unpacking jvm to local system. jvminstall downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in cobalt-cli
cobalt-cli downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in webrtc-native
webrtc-native uses WebRTC from chromium project. webrtc-native downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker cont…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in install-g-test
install-g-test downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High 8.1
chromedriver Downloads Resources over HTTP
Chromedriver is an NPM wrapper for selenium ChromeDriver. Chromedriver before 2.26.1 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary…
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High 8.1
nw-with-arm downloads Resources over HTTP
nw-with-arm is a NW Installer including ARM-Build. nw-with-arm downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker cont…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in box2d-native
box2d-native downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binary if the attacker is on the network or…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in imageoptim
imageoptim is a Node.js wrapper for some images compression algorithms. imageoptim downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested tarball …
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High 7.5
robot-js downloads Resources over HTTP
robot-js is a module for native system automation for node.js. robot-js downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an atta…
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High 8.1
sauce-connect downloads Resources over HTTP
sauce-connect is a Node.js wrapper over the SauceLabs SauceConnect.jar program for establishing a secure tunnel for intranet testing. sauce-connect downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause r…
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High 8.1
headless-browser-lite downloads Resources over HTTP
headless-browser-lite is a minimal npm installer for phantomjs and slimerjs with no external dependencies. headless-browser-lite downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code executio…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in apk-parser3
apk-parser3 is a module to extract Android Manifest info from an APK file. apk-parser3 versions before 0.1.3 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping o…
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High —
arrayfire-js downloads Resources over HTTP
arrayfire-js is a module for ArrayFire for the Node.js platform. arrayfire-js downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with a…
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High 8.1
dalek-browser-chrome Downloads Resources over HTTP
dalek-browser-chrome is Google Chrome bindings for DalekJS. dalek-browser-chrome downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary wit…
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High 8.1
Downloads Resources over HTTP in nw
nw is an installer for nw.js. nw downloads zipped resources over HTTP, It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested zip file with an attacker controlled binary if the attacker is on the network or positioned in between…
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Medium 5.9
ipip downloads Resources over HTTP
ipip is a Node.js module to query geolocation information for an IP or domain, based on database by ipip.net. ipip downloads data resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in fibjs
fibjs is a runtime for javascript applictions built on google v8 JS. fibjs downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an a…