Weakness (CWE)
CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.
Source: MITRE CWE-407
105 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
anacrolix torrent has unbounded recursion in the bencode decoder that causes stack-overflow crash and CPU-exhaustion DoS
## Summary anacrolix/torrent's bencode decoder (`bencode/`) applies **no limit on the nesting depth** of nested dictionaries and lists. Two distinct denial-of-service mechanisms follow from that single root cause, both reachable from a single crafted `.torren…
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Medium 5.3
Tornado: Quadratic CPU usage when parsing HTTP headers with line folding
Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Prior to 6.6, Tornado's HTTP header parser accepts obsolete line folding and repeatedly concatenates short continuation lines, causing quadratic CPU consumption on the IOLoop thread. An un…
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Medium 6.9
erlang-jose RSA JWK parsing attempts to factor an attacker-controlled modulus, enabling CPU-exhaustion denial of service
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in erlang-jose allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause a CPU-exhaustion denial of service by submitting a crafted RSA JSON Web Key. When an application parses an untrusted JWK through the public jose_jwk:from_bina…
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Medium 6.9
Quadratic-time key_ops duplicate check lets a sub-1 MB JWKS body pin a CPU core for ~15 s
`jwkFields.CheckConsistency` detected duplicate `key_ops` entries with a pairwise nested loop, making validation cost grow with the **square** of the entry count. Because the check runs on every JWK and JWKS unmarshal, a modestly sized but hostile JWKS docume…
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Medium 6.2
stream-json: FlexAssembler string/RegExp path filters join the full key stack per container start, giving O(depth^2) CPU denial of service
stream-json is a micro-library of stream components for processing JSON and JSONC with a minimal memory footprint. From 2.0.0 until 3.7.0, FlexAssembler compiles string and regular-expression path filters into matchers that join the full key stack on every co…
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Medium 6.0
pypdf: Possible long runtimes/large memory usage when retrieving form fields
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.21.0, an attacker can craft a PDF that causes large memory usage or long runtimes when an application retrieves the document's form fields. This issue is fixed in version 6.21.0.
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Medium 6.9
Pillow: Quadratic GIF comment copying during save
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 9.2.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow performs quadratic copying when saving a GIF with a long comment. _get_global_header() repeatedly copies portions of comment data while assembling the global header, including comments retain…
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Medium 6.9
Pillow: Quadratic GIF comment concatenation allows DoS in Image.open()
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 5.4.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow performs quadratic copying while parsing GIF comments. GifImageFile._seek() repeatedly appends immutable bytes for comment sub-blocks and multiple comment extensions, and frame zero is parsed…
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Medium 5.9
Nodemailer 3.0.0 before 10.0.10 Denial of Service via SMTP Reply Parsing
Nodemailer from 3.0.0 before 10.0.10 contains a quadratic complexity denial of service vulnerability in the SMTP client reply parser in SMTPConnection._onData and isPartialResponse. A malicious SMTP server or on-path attacker can stream continuation lines wit…
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Medium 6.5
Nodemailer 3.0.0 before 10.0.10 Quadratic DKIM Header Unfolding Denial of Service
Nodemailer from 3.0.0 before 10.0.10 contains a denial of service vulnerability in MessageParser.parseHeaders that allows users to exhaust CPU through quadratic header unfolding. Attackers can supply large recipient lists or long headers that fold into tens o…
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Medium 5.5
OW2 ASM 3.0 before 9.11 Exponential Memory Allocation in JSRInlinerAdapter
OW2 ASM 3.0 before 9.11 contains an uncontrolled memory allocation vulnerability in the asm-commons JSRInlinerAdapter that inlines JSR/RET subroutines without memory or work limits. Attackers can supply a crafted class file with nested subroutines to force O(…
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Medium 5.5
OW2 ASM 3.0 before 9.11 Excessive CPU Consumption via ClassWriter COMPUTE_FRAMES
OW2 ASM 3.0 before 9.11 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust CPU by supplying crafted class files processed with ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES. Attackers can craft methods that make the unbounded MethodWriter.computeAllFram…
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Medium 5.5
OW2 ASM 3.0 before 9.11 Quadratic Memory Allocation via Exception Handlers
OW2 ASM 3.0 before 9.11 contains a quadratic memory allocation vulnerability in MethodWriter.computeMaxStackAndLocal() and computeAllFrames() when using COMPUTE_MAXS or COMPUTE_FRAMES. Attackers can supply a crafted class file with thousands of overlapping ex…
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Medium 5.9
ASP.NET Core Denial of Service Vulnerability
Inefficient algorithmic complexity in ASP.NET Core allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
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Medium 4.6
containerd: Unpack DoS via repeated opaque whiteouts
containerd is an open-source container runtime. Prior to 1.7.35, 2.0.12, 2.2.8, and 2.3.5, containerd's layer unpack handler repeatedly traverses directories for certain opaque whiteout configurations. A malicious image layer can trigger repeated directory tr…
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Medium 4.3
Gitoxide gix-mailmap before 0.35.0 CPU Denial of Service via .mailmap Parsing
Gitoxide gix-mailmap before 0.35.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust CPU through quadratic-time parsing in Snapshot::from_bytes. Attackers can commit a crafted .mailmap with descending-ordered entries forcing repeated…
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Medium 5.9
msgpack5: Quadratic parsing in the streaming decoder
msgpack5 is a msgpack v5 implementation for node.js and the browser. Prior to 6.1.0, the streaming decoder reparses an incomplete array or map from the beginning whenever another chunk arrives. A remote peer can split one valid MessagePack container across ma…
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Medium 6.5
Pydantic AI: Event loop blocked by quadratic title extraction in `web_fetch`
Pydantic AI is a Python agent framework for building applications and workflows with Generative AI. From 1.77.0 until 1.107.6 and 2.44.0, the local web_fetch_tool and the WebFetch local fallback process server-controlled responses with quadratic title extract…
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Medium 6.5
Pydantic AI: Excessive resource use when local web fetching converts nested HTML
Pydantic AI is a Python agent framework for building applications and workflows with Generative AI. From 1.77.0 until 1.107.7 and 2.52.0, the local web_fetch_tool and the WebFetch local fallback can consume excessive CPU and memory during HTML-to-Markdown con…
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Medium 6.5
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in hMailServer
Inefficient algorithmic complexity in the webmail's message view of the REST API in Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.3.2 through 6.3.5 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to make the webmail, the administration console and the REST API unavailable by send…
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Medium 6.5
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in hMailServer
Inefficient algorithmic complexity in the REST API (6.3.3 through 6.3.5) and the IMAP PREVIEW response (6.2.22 through 6.3.5) of Progressive Robot hMailServer allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to make the webmail, the administration console and the RES…
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Medium 6.5
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in hMailServer
Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.0.0 through 6.3.5 processes several IMAP commands from a signed-in account in time quadratic in the command's length or in the number of elements it names, and can be made to hold memory out of proportion to a command. The FETC…
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Medium 6.5
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in hMailServer
Inefficient algorithmic complexity in the decoding of message header fields in Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.0.0 through 6.3.5 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to make the IMAP, SMTP and POP3 services, or the webmail, unavailable by sending a messag…
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Medium 5.3
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in hMailServer
Inefficient algorithmic complexity in the SPF macro expansion of Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.3.4 and 6.3.5 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to consume worker-thread time by publishing a crafted SPF record. RFC 7208 section 7.1 requires a name too …
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Medium 6.5
Denial of Service (DoS) in the Discover Splunk Observability Cloud app for Splunk Enterprise
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.3, 10.2.7, and 10.0.10, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could cause a denial of service against a Representational State Transfer (REST) API endpoint in the Discover Splunk …
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Medium 6.5
Gitea issue reference parsing CPU exhaustion
When processing issue and comment bodies, Gitea scanned the entire preceding text for action keywords such as "closes" or "fixes" once per Markdown link, giving processing time quadratic in the input size. An authenticated user able to submit issue or comment…
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Medium 5.3
Potential denial-of-service vulnerability in HTTP header parsing
An issue was discovered in Django 6.1 before 6.1.2, 6.0 before 6.0.9, and 5.2 before 5.2.18. `django.utils.http.parse_header_parameters()` was subject to a potential denial-of-service attack due to quadratic time complexity when parsing a value with many sepa…
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Medium 5.3
smol-toml: Quadratic-time parse() from parseKey rescanning to end of document on each key line
### Summary `parse()` has a quadratic-time path in `parseKey`, reachable on default options with ordinary valid input. For every key line and table-header line, `parseKey` (dist/struct.js, lines 58 and 86) finds the dotted-key separator with `ctx.s.indexOf('.…
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Medium 5.9
PostCSS: Quadratic complexity in flat selector parsing allows CPU exhaustion
PostCSS Selector Parser is a CSS selector parser that integrates with PostCSS but does not require it. Prior to 7.1.6, src/parser.js splitWord() can receive a flat selector as one word token carrying many class or ID indexes because period and hash characters…
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Medium 5.9
Zebra before 6.1.0 Quadratic Complexity DoS via Block Transparent Value Check
Zebra before 6.1.0 contains an inefficient algorithmic complexity vulnerability in remaining_transaction_value that clones the entire block-level spent-UTXO map per transaction during contextual verification. Attackers can mine or seed the mempool with roughl…
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Medium 6.2
stream-json: JSONC parser and verifier re-scan the whole accumulated comment on every input chunk
stream-json is a micro-library of stream components for processing JSON and JSONC with a minimal memory footprint. Prior to 3.6.0, the JSONC parser at stream-json/jsonc/parser.js and verifier at stream-json/jsonc/verifier.js restart comment-terminator scannin…
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Medium —
devalue: Residual sparse-array CPU amplification in uneval
`uneval` performs synchronous work proportional to a sparse array's declared length. An application that passes attacker-influenced sparse values to `uneval` can suffer event-loop blocking. Since attacker-controlled creation of sparse arrays is so difficult, …
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Medium —
markdown-it linkify: true has two quadratic paths, so a few hundred KB of markdown blocks the event loop for tens of seconds
## Summary Two independent quadratic paths in the `linkify: true` handling. Both are in markdown-it's own code rather than in linkify-it, which stays linear on both payloads. `src/rules_core/linkify.ts` calls `arrayReplaceAt` once per linkified text token, an…
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Medium 5.3
js-yaml: maxTotalMergeKeys does not limit CPU use for empty merge sources
## Summary `maxTotalMergeKeys` does not count empty mappings. An attacker can repeatedly merge a large sequence of them and consume significant CPU without reaching the configured limit. ## Example ```yaml arr: &arr [{}, {}, {}, ...] # N empty mappings target…
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Medium 5.3
Potential CPU DoS via O(n^2) Fragment Reassembly in QUIC
Issue summary: The QUIC stream reassembly algorithm performance deteriorates progressively as packets are arriving out of order. The worst case has a quadratic complexity proportional to the number of stream frames kept in the buffer for the received stream d…
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Medium 5.3
brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan onc…
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Medium 5.9
Suricata smb: some SMB flows can cause resource exhaustion
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. Prior to 7.0.17 and 8.0.6, the SMB parser can retain force-completed transactions on flows where Suricata sees payload in only one direction,…
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Medium 5.3
Resource Exhaustion via Excessive DNSSEC Cryptographic Material Matching
A BIND recursive resolver may experience excessive resource consumption if it encounters large numbers of a particular kind of invalid DNSSEC record. Default limits on "max-records-per-type" and "max-types-per-name" help mitigate the exposure. This issue affe…
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Medium 4.3
vllm-project vllm thinking_budget_state.py algorithmic complexity
A vulnerability was found in vllm-project vllm up to 0.29.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file vllm/v1/sample/thinking_budget_state.py. The manipulation results in inefficient algorithmic complexity. It is possible to launch the…
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Medium 5.9
Jwcrypto: jwcrypto: denial of service via o(n^2) duplicate check on unbounded jwk key_ops array
A flaw was found in jwcrypto. The JWK.import_key() function validates the key_ops JWK member for duplicate values using an algorithm with O(n^2) time complexity, and the length of key_ops is not bounded. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can supply a JWK wit…