Weakness (CWE)
CWE-405: Amplification
The product does not properly control situations in which an adversary can cause the product to consume or produce excessive resources without requiring the adversary to invest equivalent work or otherwise prove authorization, i.e., the adversary's influence is "asymmetric."
How to prevent it (3 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
An application must make resources available to a client commensurate with the client's access level.
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Architecture and Design
An application must, at all times, keep track of allocated resources and meter their usage appropriately.
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System Configuration
Consider disabling resource-intensive algorithms on the server side, such as Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
Source: MITRE CWE-405
80 results · Feed
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High 8.2
Angular: Denial of Service via Unmatched Empty-Path Outlet Route Matching in Server-Side Rendering (SSR)
Angular is a development platform for building mobile and desktop web applications using TypeScript/JavaScript and other languages. Prior to 20.3.33, 21.2.25, and 22.2.1, @angular/router in Node.js server-side rendering fails to require auxiliary outlet URL s…
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High 7.1
pypdf: Possible large memory usage for exceptions in strict mode
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.21.3, pypdf can consume excessive memory when strict mode loads a crafted invalid PDF dictionary. Nested parsing failures add repeated exception text to newly raised errors, allowing a small …
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Medium 6.9
minimatch: potential denial of service via globparts amplification
minimatch is a minimal matching utility for converting glob expressions into JavaScript RegExp objects. Starting in 7.0.0 and prior to 11.0.1, src/index.ts implements firstPhasePreProcess() so that, at optimizationLevel 2 or higher, it repeatedly expands atta…
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High 7.5
Crypt::Age versions before 0.004 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via an unbounded number of recipient stanzas, each costing an X25519 scalar multiplication in unwrap_file_key
Crypt::Age versions before 0.004 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via an unbounded number of recipient stanzas, each costing an X25519 scalar multiplication in unwrap_file_key. The header parser accepts any number of recipient stanzas, and unwrap_file_key tries …
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High 7.5
Cpanel::JSON::XS versions before 4.80 for Perl allow memory exhaustion by encoding exponent notation as full decimal digits under allow_bignum
Cpanel::JSON::XS versions before 4.80 for Perl allow memory exhaustion by encoding exponent notation as full decimal digits under allow_bignum. With allow_bignum, a JSON number with a fraction or exponent decodes to a Math::BigFloat, which stores the exponent…
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Medium 5.9
undici WebSocket client vulnerable to Denial of Service via unbounded automatic PONG buffering
undici is an HTTP client library for Node.js. In versions 5.15.0 through 6.29.0, 7.0.0 through 7.30.0, and 8.0.0 through 8.12.1, its WebSocket client, including the bundled WebSocket exposed by Node.js, can be driven to exhaust process memory by a malicious o…
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Medium 5.9
.NET Denial of Service Vulnerability
A denial of service vulnerability exists when Microsoft Common Object Runtime Library improperly handles web requests. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could cause a denial of service against a .NET web application. A remote unauthent…
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High 7.5
.NET Denial of Service Vulnerability
Asymmetric resource consumption (amplification) in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
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High 8.7
Misskey: Lack of rate limiting and size restrictions in RSS fetching API
Misskey is an open source, federated social media platform. From 12.112.1 until 2026.7.0, the unauthenticated fetch-rss API lacks rate limiting and response-size restrictions and performs synchronous XML parsing. An attacker can trigger unbounded outbound HTT…
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High 7.5
Excessive CPU consumption from repeated initial window changes in net/http
A malicious HTTP/2 peer can cause excessive CPU consumption in the client or server by opening a large number of streams and then sending many small SETTINGS frames containing SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE values.
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High 7.5
Reject malformed ECH outer extension references in crypto/tls
Multiple ECH outer extension references are not permitted under RFC 9849; previously, a client could send a well-crafted packet that could trigger memory exhaustion in the server process by specifying multiple references. We now reject these as malformed and …
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High 7.5
HTTP/2 server memory exhaustion due to Trailer headers in net/http
When "Trailer" headers are sent by a client, the HTTP server internally uses the header values to populate the Request.Trailer map passed to the server handler. Because Request.Trailer is a map, each entry incurs memory overhead. For HTTP/2 servers, a malicio…
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High 7.5
IBM DataPower Gateway Denial of Service
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to improper memoization of GraphQL fragment spreads.
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Medium 6.9
wolfSSH server accepts server-to-client DH group exchange messages from an unauthenticated client, causing pre-authentication primality-test CPU exhaustion and key exchange role confusion
src/internal.c in wolfSSL wolfSSH through 1.5.0 admits the server-to-client Diffie-Hellman group exchange messages SSH_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP (31) and SSH_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY (33) when a server receives them from an unauthenticated client. IsMessageAllowedServ…
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High 7.5
Apache Struts: Disproportionate response size when rendering BigDecimal request parameters
Asymmetric resource consumption (amplification) vulnerability in Apache Struts. When a request parameter is bound to an arbitrary-precision decimal (java.math.BigDecimal) property that is then rendered through the Struts tag library, the framework can produce…
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High 7.5
Zebra before 6.0.0 Denial of Service via Synchronous Script FFI Verification
Zebra before 6.0.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows unauthenticated peers to stall Tokio workers by submitting mempool transactions requiring expensive synchronous script verification. Attackers can send non-standard high-sigop P2SH tran…
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Medium 5.3
Zebra before 6.1.0 Batch-Verification Poisoning DoS via Unattributed Pushed Transactions
ZcashFoundation Zebra before 6.1.0 contains a resource exhaustion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated peers to degrade block processing by pushing transactions with invalid Orchard proofs without being misbehavior-scored. Attackers can repeatedly push i…
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High 7.5
Zebra before 6.2.1 Denial of Service via Uncapped V6 Shielded Proof Verification
Zebra (zebrad) before 6.2.1 contains an asymmetric resource consumption vulnerability that allows unauthenticated peers to stall block verification by pushing V6 mempool transactions with invalid Halo2 proofs. Attackers can flood the shared unprioritized Halo…
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High 7.5
Apache Directory LDAP API: Denial of service via excessive bcrypt cost factor in stored passwords
Asymmetric Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Directory LDAP API. Storing a password using the bcrypt algorithm with a high force like 30 in a LDAP server that supports this algorithm will cause the server CPU to run for hours checking the credenti…
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Medium 5.3
Message parser retains every identical singleton RDATA, enabling wire-to-work amplification
In a query response, an attacker may send `named` multiple copies of a record that should only exist once (such as an SOA record). If the RDATA is the same on all the copies, the record is appended to the in-memory RDATA set, which can cause increased memory …
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Low 2.1
Concrete CMS below 9.5.3 is vulnerable to Authenticated Denial of Service via Unescaped SQL LIKE Wildcards in Keyword Search
Concrete CMS 9 before 9.5.3 did not escape SQL LIKE wildcard characters in the keyword search filters used by the file manager, file folders, and page list, allowing an authenticated user with editor-level or higher privileges to submit a crafted search conta…
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High 7.5
Open WebUI: Unauthenticated requests can stall the server via uncached OIDC fetches in back-channel logout
Open WebUI is an extensible, feature-rich, and user-friendly self-hosted AI platform. From 0.9.0 until 0.11.1, the unauthenticated POST /oauth/backchannel-logout handler in backend/open_webui/utils/oauth.py fetched the OIDC discovery document and signing keys…
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Medium 5.3
commonmark 2.0.0 before 2.8.4 Denial of Service via XML
commonmark versions from 2.0.0 before 2.8.4 contain a denial of service vulnerability in XmlRenderer that emits depth-proportional indentation for every XML tag. Attackers can provide deeply nested Markdown or AST structures to cause quadratic memory consumpt…
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Medium 4.3
Robots::Validate versions from 0.3.2 before 0.3.11 for Perl allow unbounded outbound DNS queries per validation via a forward-confirmation loop that does not bound the names it queries
Robots::Validate versions from 0.3.2 before 0.3.11 for Perl allow unbounded outbound DNS queries per validation via a forward-confirmation loop that does not bound the names it queries. _check_dns issues one PTR query for the client address, keeps the returne…
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Medium 4.8
pypdf: Possible long runtimes/large memory usage when retrieving outlines
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.16.1, an attacker can craft a PDF that causes pypdf/_doc_common.py _get_outline to consume long runtimes and large amounts of memory when retrieving document outlines with large numbers of en…
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High 7.5
Excessive Memory Use Buffering DTLS Records for a Future Epoch
Issue summary: Receiving a DTLS record for a future epoch while a handshake is in progress causes OpenSSL to buffer far more memory than the record itself requires. Impact summary: A peer can use a small amount of network traffic to make an OpenSSL DTLS endpo…
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Medium 5.1
Frontend DoS via the validate.api.exists action
An authenticated user is able to cause disproportionate CPU load on the Frontend webserver by sending specifically crafted requests to the Frontend validate.api.exists action, leading to potential denial of service.
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Medium 5.3
Frontend DoS via the popup.testtriggerexpr action
An unauthenticated user is able to cause disproportionate CPU load on the Frontend webserver by sending specifically crafted requests to the Frontend popup.testtriggerexpr action, leading to potential denial of service.
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High 7.5
Mastodon: Exhausting data by an unauthenticated request to the admin retention API
Mastodon is a free, open-source social network server based on ActivityPub. Prior to 4.4.21, 4.5.14, 4.6.4, and 4.7.0-beta.1, the administrative statistics endpoints handled by Api::V1::Admin::MeasuresController and Api::V1::Admin::RetentionController checked…
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Medium 5.3
league/commonmark: Denial of service via deeply nested XML output
### Impact `XmlRenderer` pretty-prints XML by emitting depth-proportional indentation whitespace for **every** opening and closing tag. For a tree of depth n, the indentation alone sums to **O(n²)** bytes of output (and corresponding memory), reachable throug…
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Medium 6.6
decode-uri-component: Denial of service via exponential decoding of malformed percent-encoded input
decode-uri-component through 0.4.1 is vulnerable to denial of service. The decode() function splits input on '%' producing N tokens and calls decodeComponents(), exhibiting super-linear parsing time: 200 '%ab' tokens takes approximately 0.7s, 700 tokens appro…
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Medium 5.3
AutoGPT: There is a DoS vulnerability in AITextSummarizerBlock
AutoGPT is a workflow automation platform for creating, deploying, and managing continuous artificial intelligence agents. Prior to 0.6.32, there is a DoS vulnerability in AITextSummarizerBlock. Malicious users can amplify their input. For example, if a malic…
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High 7.1
Denial of Service in UBB.threads
UBB.threads is vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS). By sending multiple concurrent requests to view any user profile on instances with many registered users, an authenticated attacker can easily exhaust database resources and completely deny access to the a…
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High 7.5
Envoy vulnerable to HTTP/2 memory exhaustion via cookie header size bypass and HPACK amplification
Envoy is an open source edge and service proxy designed for cloud-native applications. Prior to versions 1.35.11, 1.36.7, 1.37.3, and 1.38.1, a vulnerability in Envoy's HTTP/2 downstream request processing allows an unauthenticated remote client to trigger ex…
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Medium 6.2
Text::LineFold versions through 2019.001 for Perl duplicate the output based on the number of special break characters
Text::LineFold versions through 2019.001 for Perl duplicate the output based on the number of special break characters. Text::LineFold splits the input string by specific line break characters (such as VT, FF and others) into segments, but applies the break f…
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Medium 5.3
Nerdbank.MessagePack has a memory amplification DoS in collection deserialization
Nerdbank.MessagePack deserializers for many collection-shaped types trusted the element count declared in MessagePack array and map headers when allocating destination storage. A crafted payload could therefore force large arrays, pooled buffers, dictionaries…
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Medium 5.8
Technitium DNS Server excessive DNSSEC requests
Technitium DNS Server aggressively tries to fetch missing RRSIG records or mismatched DNSKEY records. An attacker in control of a domain can cause a vulnerable system to generate excessive network traffic. Fixed in 15.0.
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High 7.5
Deskflow: TLS multiplexer DoS on failed `SSL_accept`
Deskflow is a keyboard and mouse sharing app. Prior to 1.26.0.167, a remote, unauthenticated denial of service (DoS) vulnerability affects Deskflow servers running with TLS enabled (the default). When any TCP peer connects to the listening port and its first …
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw < 2026.3.24 - Denial of Service via Feishu Webhook Pre-Auth Body Parsing
OpenClaw before 2026.3.24 contains an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-32011 where the Feishu webhook handler accepts request bodies with permissive limits of 1MB and 30-second timeout before signature verification. An unauthenticated attacker can exhaust server c…
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw < 2026.3.22 - Unauthenticated Resource Exhaustion via Voice Call Webhook
OpenClaw before 2026.3.22 contains an unauthenticated resource exhaustion vulnerability in voice call webhook handling that buffers request bodies before provider signature checks. Attackers can send large or malicious webhook requests to exhaust server resou…