Weakness (CWE)
CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict
Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.
Source: MITRE CWE-436
83 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 4.2
guzzlehttp/psr7: Host Confusion via Weak URI Host Validation
guzzlehttp/psr7 is a PSR-7 HTTP message library implementation in PHP. Prior to 2.12.3, Uri::assertValidHost() does not reject URI host components containing authority delimiters, embedded ports, or malformed IPv6 brackets, allowing Uri::getHost() to disagree…
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Medium —
netfoil has a domain name filter bypass via multiple questions
### Summary Potential bypass of domain name filter by crafting a DNS request with multiple questions, with the first question being legitimate. ### Impact Depends on a local attackers ability to craft multiple questions and the remote DoH server supporting th…
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Medium 6.9
node-tar applies PAX size override to intermediary GNU long-name/long-link headers, causing tar parser interpretation differential (file smuggling)
node-tar is a full-featured Tar for Node.js. Prior to 7.5.16, tar (node-tar) applies a PAX extended header's size= record (and other PAX overrides) to the next header entry of any type, including intermediary metadata headers such as a GNU long-name (L) or lo…
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Medium 4.8
Vllm: vllm: image exif rotation & png trns transparency not normalized, causing mismatch between model input and expectations
A flaw was found in vLLM, an open-source library for large language model inference. This vulnerability arises from improper handling of image metadata, specifically EXIF orientation and PNG transparency (tRNS) data, during image processing. When images are c…
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Medium 5.4
LIBPNG: Chunk smuggling in push-mode APNG parser via unconsumed chunk body
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that process PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. In version 1.8.0, three inter-frame chunk discard paths in the push-mode APNG parser clear the chunk-header flag without consuming the chunk…
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Medium 6.9
SSRF allowlist bypass via percent-encoded host in hackney
Interpretation Conflict vulnerability in benoitc hackney allows Server Side Request Forgery. hackney_url:normalize/2 URL-decodes the host component after the URL has been parsed into a #hackney_url{} record. OTP's uri_string:parse/1 and inet:parse_address/1 d…
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Medium 5.4
Next.js: Cache poisoning in React Server Component responses
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 14.2.0 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, applications using React Server Components can be vulnerable to cache poisoning when shared caches do not correctly partition response variants. U…
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Medium 5.3
linux-entra-sso: PRT SSO cookie can leak to attacker-controlled hosts when broad host permissions are granted
linux-entra-sso is a browser plugin for Linux to SSO on Microsoft Entra ID. Prior to 1.8.1, platform/chrome/js/platform-chrome.js:69-88 registers a single declarativeNetRequest rule whose urlFilter is Platform.SSO_URL + "/*", i.e. "https://login.microsoftonli…
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Medium 6.5
github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3 cache middleware can mix responses across query parameters
Fiber is a web framework for Go. In github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3 versions through 3.1.0, the default key generator in the cache middleware uses only the request path and does not include the query string. As a result, requests for the same path with different …
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Medium 6.5
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Configuration Rehydration via Empty-Array Revocation Handling
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a configuration management vulnerability where startup migration treats empty-array settings as missing values. Attackers can restart the application to rehydrate revoked Tlon configuration from file state, bypassing intende…
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Medium 4.8
Rack: Forwarded Header semicolon injection enables Host and Scheme spoofing
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21 and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.forwarded_values parses the RFC 7239 Forwarded header by splitting on semicolons before handling quoted-string values. Because quote…
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw < 2026.3.7 - Shell Approval Gating Bypass via Dispatch Wrapper Depth Mismatch
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.7 contain a shell approval gating bypass vulnerability in system.run dispatch-wrapper handling that allows attackers to skip shell wrapper approval requirements. The approval classifier and execution planner apply different d…
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Medium 4.8
OpenClaw < 2026.2.25 - Approval Identity Mismatch in system.run Command Execution
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 contain an approval-integrity bypass vulnerability in system.run where rendered command text is used as approval identity while trimming argv token whitespace, but runtime execution uses raw argv. An attacker can craft a t…
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Medium 6.4
OpenClaw < 2026.2.24 - Hidden Command Execution via Shell-Wrapper Positional argv Carriers
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.24 contain a command injection vulnerability in the system.run shell-wrapper that allows attackers to execute hidden commands by injecting positional argv carriers after inline shell payloads. Attackers can craft misleading a…
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Medium 5.0
OpenClaw: system.run allow-always persistence included shell-commented payload tails
OpenClaw's `system.run` allowlist analysis did not honor POSIX shell comment semantics when deriving `allow-always` persistence entries. A caller in `security=allowlist` mode who received an `allow-always` decision could submit a shell command whose tail was …
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Medium —
OpenClaw has exec allowlist/safeBins policy-runtime mismatch via env -S wrapper interpretation
### Summary `tools.exec` allowlist/safe-bins evaluation could diverge from runtime execution for wrapper commands using GNU `env -S/--split-string` semantics. This allowed policy checks to treat a command as a benign safe-bin invocation while runtime executed…
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Medium —
OpenClaw: Unicode canonicalization drift in node metadata policy classification could broaden node allowlists
### Summary A paired node could supply Unicode-confusable `platform` or `deviceFamily` metadata that passed metadata pinning but classified differently for command policy resolution, broadening default node command allowlists. ### Impact This is a policy-bypa…
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Medium 6.3
Uv: uv: specially crafted zip archives lead to arbitrary code execution due to parsing differentials
A flaw was found in uv. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute malicious code during package resolution or installation via specially crafted ZIP (Zipped Information Package) archives that exploit parsing differentials, requiring user interaction to…
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Medium 6.9
Traefik doesn't Prevent Path Normalization Bypass in Router + Middleware Rules
Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. For versions prior to 2.11.32 and 2.11.31 through 3.6.2, requests using PathPrefix, Path or PathRegex matchers can bypass path normalization. When Traefik uses path-based routing, requests containing URL-enc…
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Medium 6.8
uv is vulnerable to ZIP payload obfuscation through parsing differentials
uv is a Python package and project manager written in Rust. In versions 0.8.5 and earlier, remote ZIP archives were handled in a streamwise fashion, and file entries were not reconciled against the archive's central directory. An attacker could contrive a ZIP…
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Medium 5.3
CodeIgniter validation of header name and value
CodeIgniter is a PHP full-stack web framework. Prior to 4.5.8, CodeIgniter lacked proper header validation for its name and value. The potential attacker can construct deliberately malformed headers with Header class. This could disrupt application functional…
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Medium 4.0
Cilium's Gateway API route matching order contradicts specification
Cilium is a networking, observability, and security solution with an eBPF-based dataplane. In the 1.15 branch prior to 1.15.8 and the 1.16 branch prior to 1.16.1, Gateway API HTTPRoutes and GRPCRoutes do not follow the match precedence specified in the Gatewa…
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Medium 6.5
OpenStack Nova vulnerable to unauthorized access to potentially sensitive data
In OpenStack Nova before 27.4.1, 28 before 28.2.1, and 29 before 29.1.1, by supplying a raw format image that is actually a crafted QCOW2 image with a backing file path or VMDK flat image with a descriptor file path, an authenticated user may convince systems…
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Medium 5.8
A vulnerability in the activation of an access control list (ACL) on Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software a…
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Medium 6.6
Softing Secure Integration Server Interpretation Conflict Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Softing Secure Integration Server Interpretation Conflict Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Softing Secure Integration Server. Although authentication is requ…
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Medium 5.3
PAN-OS: Predefined Decryption Exclusions Does Not Work as Intended
An incorrect string comparison vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software prevents Predefined Decryption Exclusions from functioning as intended. This can cause traffic destined for domains that are not specified in Predefined Decryption Exclusions t…
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Medium 6.8
CarrierWave's Content-Type allowlist bypass vulnerability which possibly leads to XSS remained
CarrierWave is a solution for file uploads for Rails, Sinatra and other Ruby web frameworks. The vulnerability CVE-2023-49090 wasn't fully addressed. This vulnerability is caused by the fact that when uploading to object storage, including Amazon S3, it is po…
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Medium 4.8
Bref Multiple Value Headers Not Supported in ApiGatewayFormatV2
Bref enable serverless PHP on AWS Lambda. When Bref is used in combination with an API Gateway with the v2 format, it does not handle multiple values headers. If PHP generates a response with two headers having the same key but different values only the lates…
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Medium 6.8
trillium-http and trillium-client vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Splitting
Trillium is a composable toolkit for building internet applications with async rust. In `trillium-http` prior to 0.3.12 and `trillium-client` prior to 0.5.4, insufficient validation of outbound header values may lead to request splitting or response splitting…
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Medium 6.7
A interpretation conflict in Fortinet IPS Engine versions 7.321, 7.166 and 6.158 allows attacker to evade IPS features …
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Medium 5.3
Improper Input Validation in nyholm/psr7
### Impact Improper header parsing. An attacker could sneak in a newline (`\n`) into both the header names and values. While the specification states that `\r\n\r\n` is used to terminate the header list, many servers in the wild will also accept `\n\n`. ### P…
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Medium 5.3
Improper header validation in httpsoft/http-message
### Impact Improper header parsing. An attacker could sneak in a newline (`\n`) into both the header names and values. While the specification states that `\r\n\r\n` is used to terminate the header list, many servers in the wild will also accept `\n\n`. ### P…
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Medium 5.3
TransparentUpgradeableProxy clashing selector calls may not be delegated in @openzeppelin/contracts
OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. A function in the implementation contract may be inaccessible if its selector clashes with one of the proxy's own selectors. Specifically, if the clashing function has a different sign…
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Medium 6.5
Insecure header validation in slim/psr7
slim/psr7 is a PSR-7 implementation for use with Slim 4. In versions prior to 1.6.1 an attacker could sneak in a newline (\n) into both the header names and values. While the specification states that \r\n\r\n is used to terminate the header list, many server…
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Medium 5.3
Improper header name validation in guzzlehttp/psr7
guzzlehttp/psr7 is a PSR-7 HTTP message library implementation in PHP. Affected versions are subject to improper header parsing. An attacker could sneak in a newline (\n) into both the header names and values. While the specification states that \r\n\r\n is u…
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Medium 5.5
In the Linux kernel before 6.0.3, drivers/gpu/drm/virtio/virtgpu_object.c misinterprets the drm_gem_shmem_get_sg_table …
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Medium 4.4
User uploads proxied from S3 lack `Content-Security-Policy` headers, may be served with `Content-Disposition: inline` in zulip
Zulip is an open-source team collaboration tool. In versions of zulip prior to commit `2f6c5a8` but after commit `04cf68b` users could upload files with arbitrary `Content-Type` which would be served from the Zulip hostname with `Content-Disposition: inline` …
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Medium 6.3
OnShift TurboGears HTTP Header controllers.py response splitting
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in OnShift TurboGears 1.0.11.10. This affects an unknown part of the file turbogears/controllers.py of the component HTTP Header Handler. The manipulation leads to http response splitting. It is possible t…
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Medium 6.5
Netty vulnerable to HTTP Response splitting from assigning header value iterator
Netty project is an event-driven asynchronous network application framework. Starting in version 4.1.83.Final and prior to 4.1.86.Final, when calling `DefaultHttpHeadesr.set` with an _iterator_ of values, header value validation was not performed, allowing ma…
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Medium 4.3
IP address leak via image proxy bypass in Zulip Server
Zulip is an open-source team collaboration tool with topic-based threading that combines email and chat. When displaying messages with embedded remote images, Zulip normally loads the image preview via a go-camo proxy server. However, an attacker who can send…