Weakness (CWE)
CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary
The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Enforce the use of strong mutual authentication mechanism between the two parties.
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Architecture and Design
Whenever a product is an intermediary or proxy for
transactions between two other components, the proxy core
should not drop the identity of the initiator of the
transaction. The immutability of the identity of the
initiator must be maintained and should be forwarded all the
way to the target.
Source: MITRE CWE-441
244 results · Feed
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High 8.2
Wallos incomplete fix for CVE-2026-33407: unauthenticated httpoxy SSRF still reachable via `endpoints/payments/search.php`
Wallos is an open-source, self-hostable personal subscription tracker. Prior to version 5.0.0, the fix for CVE-2026-33407 (GHSA-hhjq-82f8-m6rc, "SSRF via HTTP Proxy Environment Variable") hardened endpoints/logos/search.php by disabling cURL proxying (CURLOPT…
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High 7.5
NLTK before 3.10.3 SSRF Protection Bypass via Proxy
NLTK before 3.10.3 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in nltk.pathsec.urlopen (and callers nltk.data.load, nltk.downloader.Downloader.index/download) when an HTTP proxy is configured. pathsec.urlopen validates the requested hostname locally,…
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Critical 9.9
Multicloud-operators-subscription: multicloud-operators-subscription: helmrelease chart applied with controller sa without gvk or namespace restriction
A flaw was found in the multicloud-operators-subscription component. This vulnerability allows a tenant, who has the ability to create HelmRelease custom resources (CRs), to bypass existing security controls. The system's HelmRelease controller processes Helm…
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Medium 6.3
MagicMirror: ssrf calendar .js
MagicMirror² is an open source modular smart mirror platform. Prior to 2.37.0, the ADD_CALENDAR handler in defaultmodules/calendar/node_helper.js accepts an attacker-controlled URL, authentication data, and selfSignedCert setting through the unauthenticated S…
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Medium 6.5
Astro: Unauthenticated path override in the @astrojs/vercel ISR function
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. From 10.0.3 until 11.0.3, the Astro Vercel adapter in packages/integrations/vercel/src/serverless/entrypoint.ts accepts x_astro_path for the public /_isr function based only on the x-vercel-isr header, all…
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Medium 6.5
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary in Elastic Cloud on Kubernetes Leading to Cross-Namespace Secret Disclosure
The Elastic Cloud on Kubernetes (ECK) operator reads a list of secret references from an annotation on secrets it manages, and it accepts the namespace recorded in each reference without validating that the reference is authorized for the resource being recon…
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High 7.1
Clusterclaims-controller: confused deputy: tenant-controlled clusterclaim labels propagated to managedcluster, enabling cross-tenant managedclusterset join
A flaw was found in the clusterclaims-controller component of Multicluster Engine (MCE). An authenticated tenant can exploit this vulnerability by manipulating ClusterClaim labels. This allows the tenant to force a cluster to join a ManagedClusterSet belongin…
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Critical 9.6
Multicloud-integrations: multicloud-integrations: gitopscluster.spec.argoserver.argonamespace writes spoke bearer tokens to attacker-chosen namespace
A flaw was found in multicloud-integrations, a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management (RHACM). This vulnerability allows an authenticated user, referred to as a tenant, to manipulate the GitOpsCluster controller. By exploiting this, a tenant can red…
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Critical 9.9
Multicloud-integrations: multicloud-integrations: pull-model propagation allows hub tenant to target arbitrary spoke cluster via unvalidated ocm-managed-cluster annotation
A flaw was found in the multicloud-integrations component. The Application propagation controller processes the `ocm-managed-cluster` annotation from an Application Custom Resource (CR) without proper validation. A tenant with permissions to create Applicatio…
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High 8.5
Sub2API: Path traversal in the Responses subpath routes lets an authenticated tenant relay requests to arbitrary upstream endpoints using pooled account credentials
Sub2API is an AI API gateway platform designed to distribute and manage API quotas from AI product subscriptions. From 0.1.135, to 0.1.168, platform API keys issued to tenants are exchanged for upstream requests made with shared provider accounts (ChatGPT/Cod…
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Medium 6.5
Odh-model-controller: odh-model-controller: cross-namespace secret read via nim account crd confused deputy
A flaw was found in the `odh-model-controller`. An authenticated user with permissions to create custom resources can exploit a vulnerability in the `loadSecret` function. This function improperly reads the Secret namespace from user-controlled input without …
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Medium 6.5
In versions of the Datadog Android application prior to v545-5.9.2, OnCallNotificationActivity is declared exported wit…
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Critical 9.1
Cross-Cluster Impersonation Confused-Deputy Privilege Escalation
A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in Rancher's impersonation middleware (pkg/auth/requests/impersonate.go). An authenticated Rancher user with the default user global role can gain full administrative access to the Rancher control plane and transiti…
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Medium 6.1
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery via spec `$ref`
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from OpenAPI specifications. Prior to 13.12.2, src/resolved-swagger-schema.ts warmUpRemoteSchemasCache resolves external $ref URLs and fetchRemoteSchemaDocument uses isHttpUrl to fetch any http o…
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High 8.2
Appium java-client Allows Network Pivot via Unvalidated directConnect Redirect in AppiumCommandExecutor
Appium Java Client is the Java language binding for writing Appium tests that conform to the W3C WebDriver protocol. From 8.2.1 until 10.1.1, when directConnect(true) is enabled, AppiumCommandExecutor.setDirectConnect() reads the directConnectHost, directConn…
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High 8.5
Cluster-proxy: impersonation-header injection grants cluster-admin on every managed cluster
A flaw was found in the cluster-proxy service-proxy component used in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes (RHACM) and multicluster-engine (MCE). The service-proxy appends impersonation group headers to proxied requests without first removing ca…
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Critical 10.0
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary in Panduit IntraVUE by Pronetiqs
Pronetiqs IntraVUE versions 3.2.1a14 and prior have an unintended proxy or intermediary vulnerability which could allow an attacker to use an active proxy, which would bypass OT segmentation.
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Medium 6.5
MongoDB mongos Improper Validation of Internal Flags in Queryable Encryption Write Commands on Sharded Clusters
An authenticated user with write privileges on a Queryable Encryption-enabled collection may be able to modify internal encryption metadata fields that are intended to be server-controlled, by sending crafted write commands through the mongos router on a shar…
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Medium 4.2
Sparkle's AppInstaller post-stage-1 XPC listener accepts unvalidated connections, allowing spoofed appcast item data injection
Sparkle is a software update framework for macOS. In versions up to and including 2.9.1, `Autoupdate/AppInstaller.m`'s `shouldAcceptNewConnection:` only enforces `SUCodeSigningVerifier validateConnection:` before stage 1 completes. After `_performedStage1Inst…
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High 7.5
SurrealDB before 2.5.0 Privilege Escalation via Future Fields
SurrealDB before 2.5.0 and before 3.0.0-beta.3 contains a confused deputy privilege escalation vulnerability. Unprivileged users (e.g., those with the database editor role) can create or modify fields containing futures, functions, or closures. Because these …
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High 8.7
@fastify/reply-from vulnerable to cross-upstream request routing via URL cache key collision
Impact: @fastify/reply-from versions from 8.3.1 up to but not including 12.6.4 build the internal URL cache key by concatenating the destination and source path without a delimiter. Different destination and source pairs can therefore produce the same key whi…
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High 7.7
Better Auth: Unauthorized invitation acceptance via unverified email match in organization plugin
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to 1.6.11, and in 1.6.14 and later when invitation IDs can be obtained outside the invited mailbox and requireEmailVerificationOnInvitation: true is not enabled, the organization…
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Critical 9.6
Better Auth: Server-side request forgery via unvalidated OIDC endpoints on @better-auth/sso provider registration
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to 1.6.11, the @better-auth/sso plugin's POST /sso/register and POST /sso/update-provider endpoints accept attacker-controlled oidcConfig.userInfoEndpoint, tokenEndpoint, and jwk…
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Critical 9.2
Input Validation Vulnerabilities in Snowflake Spark Connector
Multiple input validation vulnerabilities in the Snowflake Spark Connector (spark-snowflake) versions prior to 3.2.1 can allow attackers to exfiltrate OAuth client credentials, execute arbitrary SQL with the connector's Snowflake role, or redirect COPY operat…
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High 8.3
9router: Reverse proxy locality collapse allows unauthenticated access to 9router /v1 APIs
9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.5.2, 9router treats loopback requests as trusted and allows /v1/* access without an API key, so a same-host reverse proxy that forwards public traffic to the backend through 127.0.0.1 causes src/dashboardGuard…
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Medium 5.9
Cross-Tenant Data Exfiltration in Apigee via BigQuery Confused Deputy
An Improper Input Validation vulnerability in BigQuery DAO in Google Cloud Apigee versions prior to 2026-06-12 on Google Cloud Platform allows an authenticated attacker to exfiltrate cross-tenant data. This vulnerability was patched on 12 June 2026 on the Api…
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Medium 5.8
Coder's subdomain workspace app routing trusts unauthenticated X-Forwarded-Host header, enabling cross-app data access
Coder allows organizations to provision remote development environments via Terraform. Prior to versions 2.29.7, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, and 2.34.2, the workspace app proxy resolves the target app from `httpapi.RequestHost()` which prefers the `X-Forwarded-Host` head…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-49086 Public exploit
Apache Camel Dapr: Pub/Sub consumer copied the inbound CloudEvent's pub/sub-name and topic into producer-direction routing headers, allowing an actor who can publish to the subscribed topic to influence internal behaviour
Improper Input Validation, Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') vulnerability in Apache Camel DAPR component. The camel-dapr Dapr Pub/Sub consumer (DaprPubSubConsumer) copied two fields from each inbound CloudEvent - its Pub/Sub component name…
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High 7.5CVE-2026-46592 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-CXF: The SOAP operation-selection headers used non-Camel-prefixed names (operationName, operationNamespace) that bypass the HTTP header filter, allowing an HTTP client to redirect the invoked SOAP operation
Improper Input Validation, Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') vulnerability in Apache Camel CXF SOAP component. The camel-cxf producer selects which SOAP operation to invoke on the backend service from the operationName (and operationNamespa…
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Medium 6.9
NocoDB: Server-Side Request Forgery via Spreadsheet Import Endpoint
NocoDB is software for building databases as spreadsheets. Prior to 2026.05.1, the spreadsheet-import endpoint axiosRequestMake could be used as a generic HTTP proxy. Before the fix it was reachable unauthenticated, and its URL-extension allowlist was a regex…
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Medium 5.7
Angular Service Worker Policy-Bypass & Credential-Stripping Vulnerabilities
Angular is a development platform for building mobile and desktop web applications using TypeScript/JavaScript and other languages. Prior to 22.0.0-rc.2, 21.2.15 20.3.22, and 19.2.23, an issue in the @angular/service-worker package compromises the integrity o…
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Medium 5.3
webpack-dev-server vulnerable to HMR WebSocket interception via permissive user proxies
Impact: When a user-configured proxy on webpack-dev-server has a broad context (e.g. /) and ws: true, it also intercepts the dev server's own HMR WebSocket and forwards it to the proxy target. This leaks the browser's cookies and Origin header to the backend,…
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High 8.7
Axios: Full Man-in-the-Middle via Prototype Pollution Gadget in `config.proxy`
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.0.0 to before 1.16.0, the Axios library is vulnerable to a Prototype Pollution "Gadget" attack that allows any Object.prototype pollution in the application's dependency tree to be escal…
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High 7.7
Fission: Cross-namespace Environment reference in Package allows build-time command execution and SA token exfiltration
Fission is an open-source, Kubernetes-native serverless framework that simplifies the deployment of functions and applications on Kubernetes. Prior to version 1.24.0, Fission's buildermgr controller processed Package CRDs without verifying that Package.spec.e…
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High 8.8
Mercusys AC12G (EU) V1 router with firmware AC12G(EU)_V1_200909 allows UPnP AddPortMapping to forward external ports to…
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High 7.8
In getCallingPackageName of Shared.java, there is a possible way to bypass activity start restrictions due to a confuse…
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High 7.8
In multiple functions of PipTaskOrganizer.java, there is a possible way to launch an activity from the background due t…
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Medium 4.2
PyJWKClient: missing scheme allowlist enables SSRF + token forgery via file://, ftp://, data: schemes
PyJWT is a JSON Web Token implementation in Python. Prior to 2.13.0, PyJWKClient passes its uri argument directly to urllib.request.urlopen() which uses Python stdlib's default OpenerDirector registering HTTPHandler, HTTPSHandler, FTPHandler, FileHandler, and…
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Medium 5.8
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 13.7 before 18.9.7, 18.10 before 18.10.6, and 18.11 before 18.11.3 that could have allowed an authenticated user to view Jira issues outside the configured project scope due to an inte…
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Medium 5.0
OpenClaw < 2026.4.22 - Connector Endpoint Host Override via Workspace dotenv Files
OpenClaw before 2026.4.22 allows workspace dotenv files to override connector endpoint hosts for Matrix, Mattermost, IRC, and Synology connectors. Attackers with workspace access can redirect runtime traffic to malicious endpoints by setting endpoint variable…