Weakness (CWE)
CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary
The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Enforce the use of strong mutual authentication mechanism between the two parties.
-
Architecture and Design
Whenever a product is an intermediary or proxy for
transactions between two other components, the proxy core
should not drop the identity of the initiator of the
transaction. The immutability of the identity of the
initiator must be maintained and should be forwarded all the
way to the target.
Source: MITRE CWE-441
244 results · Feed
-
Medium —
marimo vulnerable to proxy abuse of /mpl/{port}/
### Summary The `/mpl/<port>/<route>` endpoint, which is accessible without authentication on default Marimo installations allows for external attackers to reach internal services and arbitrary ports. ### Details From our understanding, this route is used int…
-
High 7.8
In System UI, there is a possible way to view other users' images due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local es…
-
Medium 5.5
In App Widget, there is a possible Information Disclosure due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local informatio…
-
Medium 5.5
In AndroidManifest.xml, there is a possible way for an app to monitor motion events due to a confused deputy. This coul…
-
Medium 5.0
In multiple locations, there is a possible leak of an image across the Android User isolation boundary due to a confuse…
-
High 7.1
In isSystemUid of AccountManagerService.java, there is a possible way for an app to access privileged APIs due to a con…
-
High 7.3
In markMediaAsFavorite of MediaProvider.java, there is a possible way to bypass the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission d…
-
Medium 5.5
In setRingtoneUri of VoicemailNotificationSettingsUtil.java , there is a possible cross user data leak due to a confuse…
-
High 7.8
In onActivityResult of VoicemailSettingsActivity.java, there is a possible work profile contact number leak due to a co…
-
High 7.8
In multiple functions of AppRestrictionsFragment.java, there is a possible way to bypass intent security check due to a…
-
High 7.8CVE-2025-32324 Public exploit
In onCommand of ActivityManagerShellCommand.java, there is a possible arbitrary activity launch due to a confused deput…
-
High 7.8
In isSafeIntent of AccountTypePreferenceLoader.java, there is a possible way to bypass an intent type check due to a co…
-
High 7.8
In validateUriSchemeAndPermission of DisclaimersParserImpl.java , there is a possible way to access data from another u…
-
High 7.3CVE-2025-22441 Public exploit
In getContextForResourcesEnsuringCorrectCachedApkPaths of RemoteViews.java, there is a possible way to load arbitrary j…
-
High 7.8
In loadDrawableForCookie of ResourcesImpl.java, there is a possible way to access task snapshots of other apps due to a…
-
High 7.8
In multiple locations, there is a possible confused deputy due to Intent Redirect. This could lead to local escalation …
-
High 7.8
In onCreate of ChooserActivity.java , there is a possible way to view other users' images due to a confused deputy. Thi…
-
Medium 4.1
kro Confused Deputy vulnerability
kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. This can lead to a confused-deputy scenario where kro's controllers deploy and run a…
-
High 8.3CVE-2025-47269 EPSS 56%
code-server session cookie can be extracted by having user visit specially crafted proxy URL
code-server runs VS Code on any machine anywhere through browser access. Prior to version 4.99.4, a maliciously crafted URL using the proxy subpath can result in the attacker gaining access to the session token. Failure to properly validate the port for a pro…
-
Medium 5.8
Unintended proxy or intermediary ('Confused Deputy') issue exists in HMI ViewJet C-more series and HMI GC-A2 series, wh…
-
Critical 9.3
Misskey's Incomplete Patch of CVE-2024-52591 Leads to Forgery of Federated Notes
Misskey is an open source, federated social media platform. The patch for CVE-2024-52591 did not sufficiently validate the relation between the `id` and `url` fields of ActivityPub objects. An attacker can forge an object where they claim authority in the `ur…
-
Medium 4.3
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') in GitLab
An external service interaction vulnerability in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 15.11 prior to 17.6.5, 17.7 prior to 17.7.4, and 17.8 prior to 17.8.2 allows an attacker to send requests from the GitLab server to unintended services.
-
High 8.2
Mitmweb API Authentication Bypass Using Proxy Server
mitmproxy is a interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers and software developers and mitmweb is a web-based interface for mitmproxy. In mitmweb 11.1.1 and below, a malicious client can use mitmweb's proxy server (bound to `*:8080…
-
High 8.6
An open proxy vulnerability affects HCL Nomad server on Domino
HCL Nomad server on Domino is affected by an open proxy vulnerability in which an unauthenticated attacker can mask their original source IP address. This may enable an attacker to trick the user into exposing sensitive information.
-
High 8.4
In updateNotificationChannelFromPrivilegedListener of NotificationManagerService.java, there is a possible cross-user d…
-
Medium 6.4
Server-side Request Forgery during remote file pull in Pterodactyl wings
Pterodactyl wings is the server control plane for Pterodactyl Panel. An authenticated user who has access to a game server is able to bypass the previously implemented access control (GHSA-6rg3-8h8x-5xfv) that prevents accessing internal endpoints of the node…
-
High 7.8
In setMediaButtonReceiver of MediaSessionRecord.java, there is a possible way to send a pending intent on behalf of sys…
-
Medium 6.3
Uncontrolled data used in content resolution
Omni-notes is an open source note-taking application for Android. The Omni-notes Android app had an insufficient path validation vulnerability when displaying the details of a note received through an externally-provided intent. The paths of the note's attach…
-
Medium 5.5
In getNumberFromCallIntent of NewOutgoingCallIntentBroadcaster.java, there is a possible way to enumerate other user's …
-
High 8.8
Metabase vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via H2
Metabase is data visualization software. Prior to versions 0.44.5, 1.44.5, 0.43.7, 1.43.7, 0.42.6, 1.42.6, 0.41.9, and 1.41.9, H2 (Sample Database) could allow Remote Code Execution (RCE), which can be abused by users able to write SQL queries on H2 databases…
-
Medium 5.5
Tasks.org vulnerable to data exfiltration by malicous app or adb
The Tasks.org Android app is an open-source app for to-do lists and reminders. The Tasks.org app uses the activity `ShareLinkActivity.kt` to handle "share" intents coming from other components in the same device and convert them to tasks. Those intents may co…
-
Medium 4.3
FileZilla Server PORT confused deputy
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in FileZilla Server up to 0.9.50. This affects an unknown part of the component PORT Handler. The manipulation leads to unintended intermediary. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Up…
-
Unscored —
An unauthenticated remote attacker can use SMA 100 as an unintended proxy or intermediary undetectable proxy to bypass …
-
Low 3.1
Holes in EndpointSlice Validation Enable Host Network Hijack
A security issue was discovered with Kubernetes that could enable users to send network traffic to locations they would otherwise not have access to via a confused deputy attack.
-
Medium 4.1
Webhook redirect in kube-apiserver
A security issue was discovered in Kubernetes where actors that control the responses of MutatingWebhookConfiguration or ValidatingWebhookConfiguration requests are able to redirect kube-apiserver requests to private networks of the apiserver. If that user ca…
-
High 8.5
Authorization bypass in Contour
Contour is a Kubernetes ingress controller using Envoy proxy. In Contour before version 1.17.1 a specially crafted ExternalName type Service may be used to access Envoy's admin interface, which Contour normally prevents from access outside the Envoy container…
-
Medium 6.1
Confused deputy attack in sandbox module resolution
Racket is a general-purpose programming language and an ecosystem for language-oriented programming. In versions prior to 8.2, code evaluated using the Racket sandbox could cause system modules to incorrectly use attacker-created modules instead of their inte…
-
Medium 6.4
Unchecked hostname resolution could allow access to local network resources by users outside the local network
### Impact A newly implemented route allowing users to download files from remote endpoints was not properly verifying the destination hostname for user provided URLs. This would allow malicious users to potentially access resources on local networks that wou…
-
High 7.2
Loopback bypass in Coturn
Coturn is free open source implementation of TURN and STUN Server. Coturn before version 4.5.2 by default does not allow peers to connect and relay packets to loopback addresses in the range of `127.x.x.x`. However, it was observed that when sending a `CONNEC…
-
Medium 6.5
Hystrix Dashboard Proxy In spring-cloud-netflix-hystrix-dashboard
Spring Cloud Netflix, versions 2.2.x prior to 2.2.4, versions 2.1.x prior to 2.1.6, and older unsupported versions allow applications to use the Hystrix Dashboard proxy.stream endpoint to make requests to any server reachable by the server hosting the dashboa…