Weakness (CWE)
CWE-472: External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.
More detail
For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Implementation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Source: MITRE CWE-472
64 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.3
Booking Package <= 1.7.06 - Unauthenticated Price Manipulation via 'amount' Parameter
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Medium 5.3
Online Scheduling and Appointment Booking System – Bookly <= 27.0 - Unauthenticated Price Manipulation via 'tips'
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Medium 4.3
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Medium 4.9
The Deployment Infrastructure in Mintlify Platform before 2025-11-15 allows remote attackers to bypass security patches…
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Medium 4.3
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Medium 4.3
OPEXUS FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL) state and territory list unauthorized modification
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Medium 4.3
Missing Authorization check in SAP S4/HANA (OData meta-data property)
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Medium 5.3CVE-2025-35939 Exploited
Craft CMS stores user-provided content in session files
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KEV Jun 2, 2025 -
Medium 5.3
Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce <= 3.0.0 - Unauthenticated Order Manipulation
The Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to order manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.0. This is due to the plugin allowing the additional product ID and discount field to be manipulated prior to processi…
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Medium 4.3
OData meta-data property entity tampering in SAP Field Logistics
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Medium 4.3
Odata meta-data tampering in SAP S4CORE entity
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Medium 6.5
Sylius PayPal Plugin has an Order Manipulation Vulnerability after PayPal Checkout
The Syliud PayPal Plugin is the Sylius Core Team’s plugin for the PayPal Commerce Platform. Prior to 1.6.2, 1.7.2, and 2.0.2, a discovered vulnerability allows users to modify their shopping cart after completing the PayPal Checkout process and payment author…
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Medium 6.5
Sylius PayPal Plugin Payment Amount Manipulation Vulnerability
The Syliud PayPal Plugin is the Sylius Core Team’s plugin for the PayPal Commerce Platform. A vulnerability in versions prior to 1.6.1, 1.7.1, and 2.0.1 allows users to manipulate the final payment amount processed by PayPal. If a user modifies the item quant…
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Medium 5.3
SendQuick Entera devices before 11HF5 are vulnerable to CAPTCHA bypass by removing the Captcha parameter.
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Medium 5.4
TeamPass privileges issue
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Medium 5.3
Unauthorized Modification of Ticket Requester
A hidden field manipulation vulnerability was identified in Issuetrak version 17.1 that could be triggered by an authenticated user. When an authenticated user submits a ticket, the request can be intercepted and subsequently modified by using a proxy. The …
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Medium 5.3
Cost Calculator Builder PRO <= 3.2.1 - Unauthenticated Price Manipulation
The Cost Calculator Builder PRO plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to price manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.1. This is due to the plugin allowing the price field to be manipulated prior to processing via the 'create_cc_order' function, …
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Medium 6.5
WordPress Pinpoint Booking System plugin <= 2.9.9.3.4 - Parameter Tampering
External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter vulnerability in PINPOINT.WORLD Pinpoint Booking System allows Functionality Misuse.This issue affects Pinpoint Booking System: from n/a through 2.9.9.3.4.
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Medium 5.3
Contact Form by WPForms – Drag & Drop Form Builder for WordPress <= 1.8.7.2 - Unauthenticated Price Manipulation
The Contact Form by WPForms – Drag & Drop Form Builder for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to price manipulation in versions up to, and including, 1.8.7.2. This is due to a lack of controls on several product parameters. This makes it possible fo…
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Medium 5.9
IBM Watson CP4D Data Stores improper input validation
IBM Watson CP4D Data Stores 4.6.0, 4.6.1, and 4.6.2 could allow an attacker with specific knowledge about the system to manipulate data due to improper input validation. IBM X-Force ID: 250396.
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Medium 5.3
httparty Multipart/Form-Data Request Tampering Vulnerability
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Medium 5.3
External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter in moodle
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Medium 6.8
HCL Sametime is vulnerable to arbitrary HTTP requests
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Medium 5.3
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