Weakness (CWE)
CWE-472: External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.
More detail
For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
-
Implementation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Source: MITRE CWE-472
168 results · Feed
-
Medium 4.3
OPEXUS FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL) state and territory list unauthorized modification
OPEXUS FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL), version v11.1.0, allows an authenticated user to add entries to the list of states and territories.
-
High 7.5
MinimogWP – The High Converting eCommerce WordPress Theme <= 3.9.0 - Unauthenticated Price Manipulation
The MinimogWP – The High Converting eCommerce WordPress Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to price manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 3.9.0. This is due to an insufficient check on quantity values when changing quantities in the cart. Th…
-
High 8.8CVE-2025-7656 EPSS 11%
Integer overflow in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 138.0.7204.157 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap c…
-
Critical 9.8
fblog through 983bede allows account takeover via the password reset feature because SERVER_NAME is not configured and …
-
Critical 9.8
Hashview 0.8.1 allows account takeover via the password reset feature because SERVER_NAME is not configured and thus a …
-
High 8.8CVE-2025-6191 EPSS 12%
Integer overflow in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 137.0.7151.119 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform out of…
-
Medium 4.3
Missing Authorization check in SAP S4/HANA (OData meta-data property)
SAP S4CORE OData meta-data property allows an authenticated attacker to access restricted information due to missing authorization check. This could cause a low impact on confidentiality but integrity and availability of the application are not impacted.
-
High 8.8
In BlueWave Checkmate through 2.0.2 before b387eba, a profile edit request can include a role parameter.
-
Medium 5.3CVE-2025-35939 Exploited
Craft CMS stores user-provided content in session files
Craft CMS stores arbitrary content provided by unauthenticated users in session files. This content could be accessed and executed, possibly using an independent vulnerability. Craft CMS redirects requests that require authentication to the login page and gen…
KEV Jun 2, 2025 -
High 8.1
In BlueWave Checkmate through 2.0.2 before d4a6072, an invite request can be modified to specify a privileged role.
-
Medium 5.3
Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce <= 3.0.0 - Unauthenticated Order Manipulation
The Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to order manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.0. This is due to the plugin allowing the additional product ID and discount field to be manipulated prior to processi…
-
High 7.5
WordPress Simple PayPal Shopping Cart <= 5.1.2 - Unauthenticated Product Price Manipulation
The WordPress Simple Shopping Cart plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to product price manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.2. This is due to a logic flaw involving the inconsistent use of parameters during the cart addition process. The plu…
-
Medium 4.3
OData meta-data property entity tampering in SAP Field Logistics
SAP Field Logistics Manage Logistics application OData meta-data property is vulnerable to data tampering, due to which certain fields could be externally modified by an attacker causing low impact on integrity of the application. Confidentiality and availabi…
-
Low 3.1
CodeLit CourseLit before 0.57.5 allows Parameter Tampering via a payment plan associated with the wrong entity.
-
Medium 4.3
Odata meta-data tampering in SAP S4CORE entity
SAP S4CORE OData meta-data property is vulnerable to data tampering, due to which entity set could be externally modified by an attacker causing low impact on integrity of the application. Confidentiality and availability is not impacted.
-
Medium 6.5
Sylius PayPal Plugin has an Order Manipulation Vulnerability after PayPal Checkout
The Syliud PayPal Plugin is the Sylius Core Team’s plugin for the PayPal Commerce Platform. Prior to 1.6.2, 1.7.2, and 2.0.2, a discovered vulnerability allows users to modify their shopping cart after completing the PayPal Checkout process and payment author…
-
High 8.6
Shearwater SecurEnvoy SecurAccess Enrol before 9.4.515 allows authentication through only a six-digit TOTP code (skippi…
-
Medium 6.5
Sylius PayPal Plugin Payment Amount Manipulation Vulnerability
The Syliud PayPal Plugin is the Sylius Core Team’s plugin for the PayPal Commerce Platform. A vulnerability in versions prior to 1.6.1, 1.7.1, and 2.0.1 allows users to manipulate the final payment amount processed by PayPal. If a user modifies the item quant…
-
Medium 5.3
SendQuick Entera devices before 11HF5 are vulnerable to CAPTCHA bypass by removing the Captcha parameter.
-
Low 1.8CVE-2025-27893 Public exploit
In Archer Platform 6 through 6.14.00202.10024, an authenticated user with record creation privileges can manipulate imm…
-
High 7.5
An issue in the Property Tax Payment Portal in Information Kerala Mission SANCHAYA v3.0.4 allows attackers to arbitrari…
-
High 8.8
Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 132.0.6834.83 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap …
-
High 7.5
An issue was discovered in Optimizely Configured Commerce before 5.2.2408. A medium-severity issue concerning business …
-
Medium 5.4
TeamPass privileges issue
TeamPass before 3.1.3.1 does not properly prevent a user from acting with the privileges of a different user_id.
-
Medium 5.3
Unauthorized Modification of Ticket Requester
A hidden field manipulation vulnerability was identified in Issuetrak version 17.1 that could be triggered by an authenticated user. When an authenticated user submits a ticket, the request can be intercepted and subsequently modified by using a proxy. The …
-
High 8.8
Integer overflow in Layout in Google Chrome prior to 129.0.6668.89 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit hea…
-
High 8.8
Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 129.0.6668.70 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds …
-
Medium 5.3
Cost Calculator Builder PRO <= 3.2.1 - Unauthenticated Price Manipulation
The Cost Calculator Builder PRO plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to price manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.1. This is due to the plugin allowing the price field to be manipulated prior to processing via the 'create_cc_order' function, …
-
Medium 6.5
WordPress Pinpoint Booking System plugin <= 2.9.9.3.4 - Parameter Tampering
External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter vulnerability in PINPOINT.WORLD Pinpoint Booking System allows Functionality Misuse.This issue affects Pinpoint Booking System: from n/a through 2.9.9.3.4.
-
Low 3.7
WordPress Booking calendar, Appointment Booking System plugin <= 3.2.3 - Bypass vulnerability
External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter vulnerability in WpDevArt Booking calendar, Appointment Booking System allows Manipulating Hidden Fields.This issue affects Booking calendar, Appointment Booking System: from n/a through 3.2.3.
-
Medium 5.3
Contact Form by WPForms – Drag & Drop Form Builder for WordPress <= 1.8.7.2 - Unauthenticated Price Manipulation
The Contact Form by WPForms – Drag & Drop Form Builder for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to price manipulation in versions up to, and including, 1.8.7.2. This is due to a lack of controls on several product parameters. This makes it possible fo…
-
Critical 9.8
Remote Code Execution in FileCatalyst Workflow 5.x prior to 5.1.6 Build 114
A directory traversal within the ‘ftpservlet’ of the FileCatalyst Workflow Web Portal allows files to be uploaded outside of the intended ‘uploadtemp’ directory with a specially crafted POST request. In situations where a file is successfully uploaded to web …
-
Medium 5.9
IBM Watson CP4D Data Stores improper input validation
IBM Watson CP4D Data Stores 4.6.0, 4.6.1, and 4.6.2 could allow an attacker with specific knowledge about the system to manipulate data due to improper input validation. IBM X-Force ID: 250396.
-
Medium 5.3
httparty Multipart/Form-Data Request Tampering Vulnerability
httparty before 0.21.0 is vulnerable to an assumed-immutable web parameter vulnerability. A remote and unauthenticated attacker can provide a crafted filename parameter during multipart/form-data uploads which could result in attacker controlled filenames bei…
-
Medium 5.3
External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter in moodle
A flaw was found in moodle where the description user field was not hidden when being set as a hidden user field.
-
Medium 6.8
HCL Sametime is vulnerable to arbitrary HTTP requests
The vulnerability was discovered within the “FaviconService”. The service takes a base64-encoded URL which is then requested by the webserver. We assume this service is used by the “meetings”-function where users can specify an external URL where the online m…
-
Medium 5.3
HCL Sametime is vulnerable to an information disclosure
Information leakage occurs when a website reveals information that could aid an attacker to further exploit the system. This information may or may not be sensitive and does not automatically mean a breach is likely to occur. Overall, any information that cou…
-
Critical 9.8
Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on an affected device. These…
-
Critical 9.8
Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on an affected device. These…
-
Critical 9.8
Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV160, RV160W, RV260, RV260P, and RV260W VPN Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on an affected device. These…