Weakness (CWE)
CWE-494: Download of Code Without Integrity Check
The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.
How to prevent it (5 mitigations)
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Implementation
Perform proper forward and reverse DNS lookups to detect DNS spoofing.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Encrypt the code with a reliable encryption scheme before transmitting.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Speficially, it may be helpful to use tools or frameworks to perform integrity checking on the transmitted code.
- When providing the code that is to be downloaded, such as for automatic updates of the software, then use cryptographic signatures for the code and modify the download clients to verify the signatures. Ensure that the implementation does not contain CWE-295, CWE-320, CWE-347, and related weaknesses.
- Use code signing technologies such as Authenticode. See references [REF-454] [REF-455] [REF-456].
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Source: MITRE CWE-494
15 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.7CVE-2026-42249 Public exploit
Remote Code Execution in Ollama via Update Mechanism
Ollama for Windows contains a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in its update mechanism due to improper handling of attacker‑controlled HTTP response headers. When downloading updates, the application constructs local file paths using values derived from HT…
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High 7.7CVE-2026-42248 Public exploit
Missing Signature Verification for Updates in Ollama
Ollama for Windows does not perform integrity or authenticity verification of downloaded update executables. Unlike other platforms, the Windows implementation of the update verification routine unconditionally returns success so no digital signature or trust…
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High 7.8
TrueConf Client Update Integrity Verification Bypass
TrueConf Client downloads application update code and applies it without performing verification. An attacker who is able to influence the update delivery path can substitute a tampered update payload. If the payload is executed or installed by the updater, t…
KEV Apr 2, 2026 -
Critical 9.4CVE-2026-33075 Public exploit
FastGPT has Arbitrary Code Execution in GitHub Actions via pull_request_target in fastgpt-preview-image.yml
FastGPT is an AI Agent building platform. In versions 4.14.8.3 and below, the fastgpt-preview-image.yml workflow is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution and secret exfiltration by any external contributor. It uses pull_request_target (which runs with access…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-27180 Public exploit
MajorDoMo Supply Chain Remote Code Execution via Update URL Poisoning
MajorDoMo (aka Major Domestic Module) is vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution through supply chain compromise via update URL poisoning. The saverestore module exposes its admin() method through the /objects/?module=saverestore endpoint without …
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High 7.5CVE-2026-25961 Public exploit
SumatraPDF Update MITM -> Arbitrary Code Execution
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.5.0 through 3.5.2, SumatraPDF's update mechanism disables TLS hostname verification (INTERNET_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_CN_INVALID) and executes installers without signature checks. A network attacker with any vali…
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High 7.7
Notepad++ < 8.8.9 WinGUp Updater Lacks Update Integrity Verification
Notepad++ versions prior to 8.8.9, when using the WinGUp updater, contain an update integrity verification vulnerability where downloaded update metadata and installers are not cryptographically verified. An attacker able to intercept or redirect update traff…
KEV Feb 12, 2026 -
Critical 9.1CVE-2025-68109 Public exploit
ChurchCRM vulnerable to RCE with database restore functionality
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. In versions prior to 6.5.3, the Database Restore functionality does not validate the content or file extension of uploaded files. As a result, an attacker can upload a web shell file and subsequently uploa…
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Medium 6.6CVE-2025-65855 Public exploit
The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard…
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High 7.8CVE-2025-61228 Public exploit
An issue in Shirt Pocket SuperDuper! V.3.10 and before allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the softwa…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-56513 Public exploit
NiceHash QuickMiner 6.12.0 perform software updates over HTTP without validating digital signatures or hash checks. An …
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Medium 4.3CVE-2023-29401 Public exploit
Improper handling of filenames in Content-Disposition HTTP header in github.com/gin-gonic/gin
The filename parameter of the Context.FileAttachment function is not properly sanitized. A maliciously crafted filename can cause the Content-Disposition header to be sent with an unexpected filename value or otherwise modify the Content-Disposition header. F…
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High 8.8CVE-2022-45442 Public exploit
Sinatra vulnerable to Reflected File Download attack
Sinatra is a domain-specific language for creating web applications in Ruby. An issue was discovered in Sinatra 2.0 before 2.2.3 and 3.0 before 3.0.4. An application is vulnerable to a reflected file download (RFD) attack that sets the Content-Disposition hea…
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Low 3.3
A download of code without integrity check vulnerability in the "execute restore src-vis" command of FortiOS before 7.0…
KEV Dec 10, 2021 -
High 8.0
RFD Attack via "Content-Disposition" Header Sourced from Request Input by Spring MVC or Spring WebFlux Application
In Spring Framework, versions 5.2.x prior to 5.2.3, versions 5.1.x prior to 5.1.13, and versions 5.0.x prior to 5.0.16, an application is vulnerable to a reflected file download (RFD) attack when it sets a "Content-Disposition" header in the response where th…