Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
194 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.1
CubeCart: Pre-Authenticated Password Reset Link Poisoning via HTTP Host Header
CubeCart is an ecommerce software solution. Prior to 6.7.2, CubeCart 6.6.x – 6.7.1 builds CC_STORE_URL directly from the Host request header at bootstrap, with no allowlist. The constant is embedded verbatim into transactional email links, most critically the…
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High 8.2
Admidio: SAML Response Sent to Unvalidated Assertion Consumer Service URL from AuthnRequest
Admidio is an open-source user management solution. Prior to version 5.0.9, the SAML IdP implementation in Admidio's SSO module uses the AssertionConsumerServiceURL value directly from incoming SAML AuthnRequest messages as the destination for the SAML respon…
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High 7.7
OpenClaw < 2026.4.5 - Second-hop SSRF via CDP /json/version WebSocket URL
OpenClaw before 2026.4.5 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the CDP /json/version WebSocket endpoint that allows attackers to pivot to untrusted second-hop targets. The webSocketDebuggerUrl response field is not properly validated, enabli…
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High 8.4
Jupyter Notebook and JupyterLab token theft via stored XSS in help command linker
In Jupyter Notebook versions 7.0.0 through 7.5.5, JupyterLab versions 4.5.6 and earlier, and the corresponding @jupyter-notebook/help-extension and @jupyterlab/help-extension packages before 7.5.6 and 4.5.7, a stored cross-site scripting issue in the help com…
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High 8.1
LinkAce: Password Reset Poisoning via X-Forwarded-Host Header Injection Leading to Account Takeover
LinkAce is a self-hosted archive to collect website links. Prior to 2.5.4, a password reset poisoning vulnerability was identified in the application due to improper trust of user-controlled HTTP headers. The application uses the X-Forwarded-Host header when …
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High 8.8
Open Redirect Vulnerability in HPE Aruba Networking Private 5G Core On-Prem
A vulnerability has been identified in the graphical user interface (GUI) of HPE Aruba Networking Private 5G Core On-Prem that could allow an attacker to abuse an open redirect vulnerability in the login flow using a crafted URL. Successful exploitation may r…
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High —
Authorizer: Password reset token theft and full auth token redirect via unvalidated redirect_uri
Hi, I found that 6 endpoints in Authorizer accept a user-controlled `redirect_uri` and append sensitive tokens to it without validating the URL against `AllowedOrigins`. The OAuth `/app` handler validates redirect_uri at `http_handlers/app.go:46`, but the Gra…
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High 8.8
DOM-Based XSS in Homarr /auth/login Redirect
Homarr is an open-source dashboard. Prior to 1.57.0, a DOM-based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability has been discovered in Homarr's /auth/login page. The application improperly trusts a URL parameter (callbackUrl), which is passed to redirect and router…
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High 7.5
7 Tik 1.0.1.0 Denial of Service via Search
7 Tik 1.0.1.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to crash the application by submitting excessively long input strings to the search functionality. Attackers can paste a buffer of 7700 characters into the search bar to trigger an…
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High 8.5
hoppscotch: Improper loopback redirect_uri validation in device-login flow
hoppscotch is an open source API development ecosystem. Prior to version 2026.3.0, there is an open redirect vulnerability that leads to token exfiltration. With these tokens, the attacker can sign in as the victim to takeover their account. This issue has be…
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High 7.3
Keycloak: keycloak: information disclosure due to redirect_uri validation bypass
A flaw was found in Keycloak. This issue allows an attacker, who controls another path on the same web server, to bypass the allowed path in redirect Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) that use a wildcard. A successful attack may lead to the theft of an acce…
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High 8.8
DOM-Based XSS in Ory Polis Login Page
Ory Polis, formerly known as BoxyHQ Jackson, bridges or proxies a SAML login flow to OAuth 2.0 or OpenID Connect. Versions prior to 26.2.0 contain a DOM-based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Ory Polis's login functionality. The application imprope…
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High 7.1
Pocket ID: OAuth redirect_uri validation bypass via userinfo/host confusion
Pocket ID is an OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services. From 2.0.0 to before 2.4.0, a flaw in callback URL validation allowed crafted redirect_uri values containing URL userinfo (@) to bypass legitimate callback p…
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High 8.1
ZITADEL: Account Takeover Due to Improper Instance Validation in V2 Login
ZITADEL is an open source identity management platform. From version 4.0.0-rc.1 to 4.7.0, a potential vulnerability exists in ZITADEL's password reset mechanism in login V2. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to c…
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High 8.1
IRRd: web UI host header injection allows password reset poisoning via attacker-controlled email links
Internet Routing Registry daemon version 4 is an IRR database server, processing IRR objects in the RPSL format. From version 4.4.0 to before version 4.4.5 and from version 4.5.0 to before version 4.5.1, an attacker can manipulate the HTTP Host header on a pa…
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High 7.3
Traccar Vulnerable to Authorization Code Theft via Open Redirect in OIDC Provider Endpoints
Versions of the Traccar open-source GPS tracking system up to and including 6.11.1 contain an issue in which authenticated users can steal OAuth 2.0 authorization codes by exploiting an open redirect vulnerability in two OIDC-related endpoints. The `redirect_…
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High 7.4
Feathers: Open Redirect in OAuth callback enables account takeover
Feathersjs is a framework for creating web APIs and real-time applications with TypeScript or JavaScript. Versions 5.0.39 and below the redirect query parameter is appended to the base origin without validation, allowing attackers to steal access tokens via U…
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High 7.6
Improper Handling of HTTP Redirects vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed leaking of authorization token and enabled remote code execution
An URL redirection vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed attacker-controlled redirects to leak sensitive authorization tokens. The repository_pages API insecurely followed HTTP redirects when fetching artifact URLs, preserving …
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High 7.3
Open Redirect vulnerability in SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform
The SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform allows an authenticated attacker with high privileges to insert malicious URL within the application. Upon successful exploitation, the victim may click on this malicious URL, resulting in an unvalidated …
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High 7.5CVE-2026-25732 Public exploit
NiceGUI's Path Traversal via Unsanitized FileUpload.name Enables Arbitrary File Write
NiceGUI is a Python-based UI framework. Prior to 3.7.0, NiceGUI's FileUpload.name property exposes client-supplied filename metadata without sanitization, enabling path traversal when developers use the pattern UPLOAD_DIR / file.name. Malicious filenames cont…
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High 7.1
Claude Code has a Domain Validation Bypass which Allows Automatic Requests to Attacker-Controlled Domains
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 1.0.111, Claude Code contained insufficient URL validation in its trusted domain verification mechanism for WebFetch requests. The application used a startsWith() function to validate trusted domains (e.…
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High 7.5CVE-2025-68616 Public exploit
WeasyPrint Vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Protection Bypass via HTTP Redirect
WeasyPrint helps web developers to create PDF documents. Prior to version 68.0, a server-side request forgery (SSRF) protection bypass exists in WeasyPrint's `default_url_fetcher`. The vulnerability allows attackers to access internal network resources (such …
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High 8.6
ALC WebCTRL Carrier i-Vu Open Redirect via URL parameter
Open Redirect in URL parameter in Automated Logic WebCTRL and Carrier i-Vu versions 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0 may allow attackers to exploit user sessions.
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High 8.1
ZITADEL Vulnerable to Account Takeover via Malicious Forwarded Header Injection
Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18, a potential vulnerability exists in ZITADEL's password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct …
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High 8.1
Plane Vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting via Open Redirect in ?next_path Parameter
Plane is open-source project management software. Prior to version 1.1.0, an open redirect vulnerability in the ?next_path query parameter allows attackers to supply arbitrary schemes (e.g., javascript:) that are passed directly to router.push. This results i…
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High 8.8
Drawing-Captcha APP Host Header Injection in `/register` and `/confirm-email` Endpoints
Drawing-Captcha APP provides interactive, engaging verification for Web-Based Applications. The vulnerability is a Host Header Injection in the /register and /confirm-email endpoints. It allows an attacker to manipulate the Host header in HTTP requests to gen…
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High 7.1
Vllm: server side request forgery (ssrf) in mediaconnector
A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in the MediaConnector class within the vLLM project's multimodal feature set. The load_from_url and load_from_url_async methods fetch and process media from user-provided URLs without adequate restrict…
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High 7.5
Account Takeover in Corezoid 6.6.0 in the OAuth2 implementation via an open redirect in the redirect_uri parameter allo…
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High 7.6
One-Click Mattermost Account Takeover via Poisoned RelayState SAML Parameter
Mattermost versions 10.10.x <= 10.10.1, 10.5.x <= 10.5.9, 10.9.x <= 10.9.4 fail to validate the redirect_to parameter, allowing an attacker to craft a malicious link that, once a user authenticates with their SAML provider, could post the user’s cookies to an…
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High 7.1
Cisco UCS Virtual Keyboard Video Monitor (vKVM) Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Virtual Keyboard Video Monitor (vKVM) connection handling of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website. This vulnerability is due to insufficie…
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High 7.4
IBM Cognos Command Center HTTP Open Redirect
IBM Cognos Command Center 10.2.4.1 and 10.2.5 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof t…
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High 8.8
Audiobookshelf vulnerable to OIDC token exfiltration and account takeover
Audiobookshelf is an open-source self-hosted audiobook server. In versions 2.6.0 through 2.26.3, the application does not properly restrict redirect callback URLs during OIDC authentication. An attacker can craft a login link that causes Audiobookshelf to sto…
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High 7.4
IBM Operational Decision Manager HTTP open redirect
IBM Operational Decision Manager 8.11.0.1, 8.11.1.0, 8.12.0.1, 9.0.0.1, and 9.5.0 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could e…
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High 7.6CVE-2025-6023 EPSS 58%
Grafana is vulnerable to XSS attacks through open redirects and path traversal
An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS that can be exploited to achieve XSS attacks. The vulnerability was introduced in Grafana v11.5.0. The open redirect can be chained with path traversal vulnerabilities to achieve XSS. Fixed in …
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High 8.0
AI Engine 2.8.4 - Insecure OAuth Implementation
The AI Engine plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to open redirect in version 2.8.4. This is due to an insecure OAuth implementation, as the 'redirect_uri' parameter is missing validation during the authorization flow. This makes it possible for unauthenticate…
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High 8.1
ZITADEL Allows Account Takeover via Malicious X-Forwarded-Proto Header Injection
Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to const…
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High 7.6
Grafana Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) via custom loaded frontend plugin
A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in Grafana caused by combining a client path traversal and open redirect. This allows attackers to redirect users to a website that hosts a frontend plugin that will execute arbitrary JavaScript. This vulnerab…
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High 7.1
HaloITSM open redirect via the returnUrl
Improper Input Validation, the returnUrl parameter in Account Security Settings lacks proper input validation, allowing attackers to redirect users to malicious websites (Open Redirect) and inject JavaScript code to perform cross site scripting attack. The vu…
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High 7.4CVE-2025-3155 EPSS 13%
Yelp: arbitrary file read
A flaw was found in Yelp. The Gnome user help application allows the help document to execute arbitrary scripts. This vulnerability allows malicious users to input help documents, which may exfiltrate user files to an external environment.
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High 8.1
The issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.4, iOS 18.4 and iPadOS 18.4, m…