Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,070 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Login and Logout Redirect Plugin <= 2.0.3 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Swapnil V. Patil Login and Logout Redirect.This issue affects Login and Logout Redirect: from n/a through 2.0.3.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress affiliate-toolkit – WordPress Affiliate Plugin Plugin <= 3.3.9 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in SERVIT Software Solutions affiliate-toolkit – WordPress Affiliate Plugin.This issue affects affiliate-toolkit – WordPress Affiliate Plugin: from n/a through 3.3.9.
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Medium 4.6
Keycloak: open redirect via "form_post.jwt" jarm response mode
A flaw was found in Keycloak. This issue may allow an attacker to steal authorization codes or tokens from clients using a wildcard in the JARM response mode "form_post.jwt" which could be used to bypass the security patch implemented to address CVE-2023-6134.
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Medium 4.7
Beckhoff: Open redirect in TwinCAT/BSD package authelia-bhf
The package authelia-bhf included in Beckhoffs TwinCAT/BSD is prone to an open redirect that allows a remote unprivileged attacker to redirect a user to another site. This may have limited impact to integrity and does solely affect anthelia-bhf the Beckhoff f…
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Medium 4.7
Apache Shiro: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in FORM authentication feature Apache Shiro.
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability when "form" authentication is used in Apache Shiro. Mitigation: Update to Apache Shiro 1.13.0+ or 2.0.0-alpha-4+.
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect vulnerability in Jenkins OpenId Connect Authentication Plugin
Jenkins OpenId Connect Authentication Plugin 2.6 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins, allowing attackers to perform phishing attacks.
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Medium 6.1CVE-2023-6380 Scanner template
Open Redirect in Alkacon Software OpenCms
Open redirect vulnerability has been found in the Open CMS product affecting versions 14 and 15 of the 'Mercury' template. An attacker could create a specially crafted URL and send it to a specific user to redirect them to a malicious site and compromise them…
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Medium 5.3
An issue was discovered in Zammad before 6.2.0. An attacker can trigger phishing links in generated notification emails…
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Medium 6.1
Franklin Fueling Systems System Sentinel AnyWare (SSA) version 1.6.24.492 is vulnerable to Open Redirect. The 'path' pa…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Responsive Column Widgets Plugin <= 1.2.7 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Michael Uno (miunosoft) Responsive Column Widgets.This issue affects Responsive Column Widgets: from n/a through 1.2.7.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Integrate Google Drive Plugin <= 1.3.2 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in SoftLab Integrate Google Drive – Browse, Upload, Download, Embed, Play, Share, Gallery, and Manage Your Google Drive Files Into Your WordPress Site.This issue affects Integrate Google Drive …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Integration for Contact Form 7 and Constant Contact Plugin <= 1.1.4 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks. Integration for Constant Contact and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ninja Forms.This issue affects Integration for Constant Contact and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ni…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Landing Page Builder Plugin <= 1.5.1.5 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in PluginOps Landing Page Builder – Lead Page – Optin Page – Squeeze Page – WordPress Landing Pages.This issue affects Landing Page Builder – Lead Page – Optin Page – Squeeze Page – WordPress L…
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Medium 4.7
Open Redirect in Login Function of Calendarinho
Calendarinho is an open source calendaring application to manage large teams of consultants. An Open Redirect issue occurs when a web application redirects users to external URLs without proper validation. This can lead to phishing attacks, where users are tr…
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Medium 4.8
Apache Superset: Open Redirect Vulnerability
An authenticated attacker with update datasets permission could change a dataset link to an untrusted site by spoofing the HTTP Host header, users could be redirected to this site when clicking on that specific dataset. This issue affects Apache Superset vers…
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Medium 4.3
Open redirect in /oauth/<service>/mobile_login?redirect_to=
Mattermost fails to properly check a redirect URL parameter allowing for an open redirect was possible when the user clicked "Back to Mattermost" after providing a invalid custom url scheme in /oauth/{service}/mobile_login?redirect_to=
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Medium 5.4
An open redirect vulnerability in ePolicy Orchestrator prior to 5.10.0 CP1 Update 2, allows a remote low privileged use…
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Medium 6.1
Payara Platform: URL Redirection to untrusted site using FORM authentication
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Payara Platform Payara Server, Micro and Embedded (Servlet Implementation modules) allows Redirect Access to Libraries.This issue affects Payara Server, Micro and Embedded: from 5.0.0 before…
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Medium 6.1
Online Examination System v1.0 - Multiple Open Redirects
Online Examination System v1.0 is vulnerable to multiple Open Redirect vulnerabilities. The 'q' parameter of the login.php resource allows an attacker to redirect a victim user to an arbitrary web site using a crafted URL.
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Medium 6.1
Online Examination System v1.0 - Multiple Open Redirects
Online Examination System v1.0 is vulnerable to multiple Open Redirect vulnerabilities. The 'q' parameter of the feed.php resource allows an attacker to redirect a victim user to an arbitrary web site using a crafted URL.
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Medium 6.1
Online Examination System v1.0 - Multiple Open Redirects
Online Examination System v1.0 is vulnerable to multiple Open Redirect vulnerabilities. The 'q' parameter of the admin.php resource allows an attacker to redirect a victim user to an arbitrary web site using a crafted URL.
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Medium 6.1
A vulnerability in the implementation of Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 2.0 single sign-on (SSO) for remote …
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Medium 6.1
DOMPurify Open Redirect vulnerability
DOMPurify before 1.0.11 allows reverse tabnabbing in demos/hooks-target-blank-demo.html because links lack a 'rel="noopener noreferrer"' attribute.
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Medium 6.1
Django Grappelli Open Redirect vulnerability
views/switch.py in django-grappelli (aka Django Grappelli) before 2.15.2 attempts to prevent external redirection with startswith("/") but this does not consider a protocol-relative URL (e.g., //example.com) attack.
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Medium 6.1
Authorization Header forwarded on redirect
urllib3 before 1.24.2 does not remove the authorization HTTP header when following a cross-origin redirect (i.e., a redirect that differs in host, port, or scheme). This can allow for credentials in the authorization header to be exposed to unintended hosts o…
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Medium 4.3
Open Redirect in mosparo/mosparo
Open Redirect in GitHub repository mosparo/mosparo prior to 1.0.2.
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Medium 6.1
URL Redirection vulnerability in SAP S/4HANA (Manage Catalog Items and Cross-Catalog search)
SAP S/4HANA Manage Catalog Items and Cross-Catalog searches Fiori apps allow an attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to insufficient URL validation. As a result, it may have a slight impact on confidentiality and integrity.
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Medium 4.7
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco HyperFlex HX Data Platform could allow an unauthenticate…
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Medium 4.3
Open Redirect Vulnerability in jupyter-server
jupyter-server is the backend for Jupyter web applications. Open Redirect Vulnerability. Maliciously crafted login links to known Jupyter Servers can cause successful login or an already logged-in session to be redirected to arbitrary sites, which should be r…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2023-41080 Public exploit
Apache Tomcat: Open redirect with FORM authentication
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in FORM authentication feature Apache Tomcat.This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.0.12, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.79 and from 8.5.0 thr…
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Medium 6.1
Horizon Web Dashboard Open Redirect vulnerability
Open Redirect vulnerability in Horizon Web Dashboard 19.4.0 thru 20.1.4 via the success_url parameter.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Ninja Popups Plugin <= 4.7.5 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
Unauth. Open Redirect vulnerability in Arscode Ninja Popups plugin <= 4.7.5 versions.
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Medium 6.5
IBM Security Verify Access HTTP open redirect
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL display…
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Medium 4.3
Jenkins OpenShift Login Plugin vulnerable to Open Redirect
Jenkins OpenShift Login Plugin 1.1.0.227.v27e08dfb_1a_20 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins, allowing attackers to perform phishing attacks.
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Medium 6.3
Open Redirect in alextselegidis/easyappointments
Open Redirect in GitHub repository alextselegidis/easyappointments prior to 1.5.0.
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Medium 6.1
yt-dlp File Downloader cookie leak
yt-dlp is a command-line program to download videos from video sites. During file downloads, yt-dlp or the external downloaders that yt-dlp employs may leak cookies on HTTP redirects to a different host, or leak them when the host for download fragments diffe…
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Medium 5.4
Novu Open Redirect Vulnerability in Sign-In with GitHub Functionality
Novu provides an API for sending notifications through multiple channels. Versions prior to 0.16.0 contain an open redirect vulnerability in the "Sign In with GitHub" functionality of Novu's open-source repository. It could have allowed an attacker to force a…
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Medium 4.1
Nextcloud Server vulnerable to open redirect on "Unsupported browser" warning
NextCloud Server and NextCloud Enterprise Server provide file storage for Nextcloud, a self-hosted productivity platform. Starting in version 26.0.0 and prior to version 26.0.2, an attacker could supply a URL that redirects an unsuspecting victim from a legit…
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Medium 6.1
Blogengine.net 3.3.8.0 and earlier is vulnerable to Open Redirect.
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Medium 6.1
Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Vulnerable to Open Redirect via the Layout Module
Open redirect vulnerability in the Layout module's SEO configuration in Liferay Portal 7.4.3.70 through 7.4.3.76, and Liferay DXP 7.4 update 70 through 76 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs via the `_com_liferay_layout_admin_…