Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,068 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.1
Giveaways and Contests by RafflePress < 1.12.27 - Unauthenticated Stored Open Redirect via 'parent_url' Parameter
The Giveaways and Contests by RafflePress WordPress plugin before 1.12.27 does not properly validate a giveaway's parent page URL before saving it and later redirecting visitors to it, allowing unauthenticated attackers to make the site's own giveaway confirm…
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Medium 5.1
OpenRun: Redirect URL validation bypass using //host paths leads to Open Redirect
OpenRun is an open-source, self-hosted GitOps platform for deploying web apps and internal tools to Docker or Kubernetes. Prior to version 0.17.7, the restrictions on redirect URLs in openrun can be bypassed by attackers, leading to open redirect attacks. Thi…
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Medium 6.1
Oauth-proxy: open redirect via /\ and /\t bypass in post-login redirect
A flaw was found in oauth-proxy. The application fails to properly validate the destination redirect parameter (`rd`) during post-login redirection. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by enticing a user to follow a specially crafted link, result…
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Medium 4.3
Kiteworks Core content injection
Kiteworks Core before version 9.5.1 is vulnerable to Content Injection. A URL parameter in the PDF viewer was insufficiently validated, allowing an attacker-controlled document to be loaded and displayed under the trust of the legitimate application domain. T…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect in Special:Book
URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - Collection extension allows Fake the Source of Data. This issue affects Mediawiki - Collection extension: before 1.46.1, 1.45.5, 1.43.10.
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Medium 4.7
Dockhand < 1.0.36 Open Redirect via OIDC Initiation Endpoint
Dockhand before 1.0.36 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the OIDC initiation endpoint that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to redirect authenticated users to attacker-controlled sites by injecting an unvalidated redirect query parameter. Atta…
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Medium 5.4
Dell Secure Connect Gateway (SCG) Policy Manager, versions prior to 5.34.00.16, contains an URL Redirection to Untruste…
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Medium 4.3
HPE OneView - URL Redirect vulnerability
A vulnerability in HPE OneView can be remotely exploited to cause a URL redirect.
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Medium 5.3
Joomla Extension - svenbluege.de - Reflected XSS and open redirect in Event Gallery extension < 6.5.0
Joomla Extension - svenbluege.de - Reflected XSS and open redirect in Event Gallery extension < 6.5.0 - The “return” parameter is base64-decoded and written to the “Back” link without being validated.
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Medium 6.1
Cotonti through 1.0.0 Open Redirect via message.php redirect parameter
Cotonti through 1.0.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in message.php that base64-decodes the redirect parameter without domain validation. Unauthenticated attackers can craft malicious links with encoded external URLs to redirect users to arbitrary si…
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Medium 4.3
YunaiV/zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro OAuth2 Client OAuth2ClientServiceImpl.java validOAuthClientFromCache redirect
A security flaw has been discovered in YunaiV/zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro up to 2026.08. Affected by this vulnerability is the function validOAuthClientFromCache of the file yudao-module-system/src/main/java/cn/iocoder/yudao/module/system/service/oauth2/OAuth…
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Medium 4.3
Edimax BR-6428nC goform websRedirect redirect
A flaw has been found in Edimax BR-6428nC 1.16. The impacted element is the function websRedirect of the component goform Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument submit-url can lead to open redirect. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit …
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Medium 4.3
Intelliants Subrion CMS Login Page login.php authorize redirect
A weakness has been identified in Intelliants Subrion CMS up to 4.2.1. This vulnerability affects the function iaUsers::authorize of the file front/login.php of the component Login Page. This manipulation of the argument $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] causes open r…
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Medium 5.4
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) is Impacted by Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) for RedHat OpenShift is vulnerable to open redirect in the PMP `HostHeaderFilter` (`HostHeaderFilter.java:151`). An unauthenticated attacker can craft a request with a manipulated `Host` header to redirect authenticated…
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Medium 5.4CVE-2026-80444 Public exploit
Unauthenticated Open Redirect Vulnerability in Abis Technology's AVESİS
URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in Abis Technology Ltd. Co. AVESİS allows Input Data Manipulation. This issue affects AVESİS: from 202608201331 before 202608240351.
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Medium 6.1
e621ng before 26.09.16 Open Redirect via URL Parameters
e621ng versions before 26.09.16 pass untrusted request parameters directly to Rails url_for in PaginatorComponent and controller navigation links, allowing attackers to redirect pagination and navigation controls to attacker-controlled origins. Attackers can …
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Medium 5.4
Tautulli: Open redirect via whitespace bypass in /auth/redirect
Tautulli is a Python based monitoring and tracking tool for Plex Media Server. Prior to 2.17.2, the unauthenticated /auth/redirect endpoint in plexpy/webauth.py removes forward slashes from the user-controlled redirect_uri parameter but leaves tab, line-feed,…
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Medium 4.3
ST Engineering iDirect iDX/Evo iDX Location Header redirect
A vulnerability was found in ST Engineering iDirect iDX and Evo iDX. This affects an unknown part of the component Location Header Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument Host results in open redirect. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely…
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Medium 4.3
WuzhiCMS Login index.php redirect
A flaw has been found in WuzhiCMS up to 4.1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /index.php?m=member&v=Login of the component Login. This manipulation of the argument forward causes open redirect. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit h…
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Medium 4.7
WP Ghost (Hide My WP Ghost) <= 7.0.02 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect via 'redirect_to' Parameter
The WP Ghost (Hide My WP Ghost) – Security & Firewall plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 7.0.02. This is due to the plugin not properly validating user input. This makes it possible for unauthenticated at…
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Medium 5.4
Cotonti through 1.0.0 Stored Open Redirect via Page redir: Prefix
Cotonti through 1.0.0 fails to validate redirect destinations in page bodies prefixed with redir:, allowing authenticated users with page creation or edit permissions to store redirects to arbitrary external hosts. Attackers can craft pages on trusted domains…
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Medium 6.1
Cotonti through 1.0.0 Open Redirect via Unanchored cot_url_check() Regex
Cotonti through 1.0.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the cot_url_check() function that validates redirect destinations using a regular expression lacking an end-of-string anchor. Attackers can bypass the redirect guard by supplying hostnames begin…
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Medium 6.5
Kyoo: OIDC login token can be redirected to an attacker-controlled URL
Kyoo is a self-hosted media server focused on movies, series, and anime. Prior to 5.1.0, an unauthenticated attacker could initiate the OIDC login flow with an attacker-controlled redirectUrl. The login handling in auth/oidc.go stored that URL with the opaque…
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Medium 6.1
Semantic MediaWiki has an open redirect in Special:URIResolver
Semantic MediaWiki is a free, open-source extension to MediaWiki that lets users store and query data within the wiki's pages. Prior to version 7.2.0, `Special:URIResolver` resolves its user-controlled subpage to a MediaWiki title and issues an HTTP 303 redir…
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Medium 4.3
Jenkins Keycloak Authentication Plugin 2.4.1 and earlier does not restrict the redirect URL after login, allowing attac…
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Medium 5.3
Newsletter < 9.3.7 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect and Subscriber Token Disclosure via ncu Parameter
The Newsletter WordPress plugin before 9.3.7 does not validate the destination of the redirect performed after a public subscription action, allowing unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external sites and to disclose a subscriber token th…
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Medium 4.3
a2ui-project a2ui Binder generic-binder.ts openUrl redirect
A vulnerability was found in a2ui-project a2ui up to 0.10.7. Affected by this issue is the function openUrl of the file renderers/web_core/src/v0_9/rendering/generic-binder.ts of the component Binder. The manipulation results in open redirect. It is possible …
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Medium 5.4
Vulnerability in the Oracle Field Service product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supporte…
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Medium 6.1
Kiwi TCMS: Open Redirect via unvalidated next parameter in account confirmation endpoint
Kiwi TCMS is an open source test management system. Prior to 16.1, the account confirmation endpoint accepted an unvalidated next parameter, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to create a URL on a trusted Kiwi TCMS hostname that redirects a victim to an arb…
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Medium 5.1
HTML injection allows open redirection in WordPress theme design-scuole-wordpress-theme
The "Firma Circolare" feature in the "Design Scuole Italia" WordPress theme allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary HTML via the sign parameter, enabling forced redirection of visiting users to an attacker-controlled URL (Stored HTML Injection / …
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Medium 6.1
Halo through 2.26.1 Open Redirect via Unvalidated URI Parameter
Halo through 2.26.1 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the anonymous thumbnail endpoint that fails to validate the uri query parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links on the trusted Halo domain that redirect visitors to arbitrary external sites, …
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Medium 4.7
Security vulnerabilities have been addressed in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Verify Identity Access could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to…
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Medium 6.5
IBM WebSphere Application Server and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty Open Redirect
IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 and 9.0, and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 26.0.0.8 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially craft…
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Medium 6.8
Mattermost DCR redirect URI allowlist bypass via improper URL component validation
Mattermost versions 11.9.x <= 11.9.0, 11.8.x <= 11.8.4, 11.7.x <= 11.7.7 Mattermost failed to validate Dynamic Client Registration redirect URIs by URL component (matching glob patterns against the raw URI string instead) which allows a remote unauthenticated…
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Medium 6.1
Apache Syncope: CAS service URL injection via Forwarded HTTP headers
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Apache Syncope. When the Syncope SRA is configured for CAS authentication, the target Apereo CAS instance's URL is calculated by unconditionally looking at client-supplied forwarded HTTP hea…
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Medium 4.7
User Registration & Membership < 5.2.8 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect via Login Redirect Parameters
The User Registration & Membership WordPress plugin before 5.2.8 does not validate the destination of a post-login redirect before redirecting, allowing unauthenticated attackers to redirect visitors to an arbitrary external URL, which can be abused for phish…
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Medium 5.3
Concrete CMS versions 9.5.0 through 9.5.2 are vulnerable to Open Redirect via the rcURL parameter.
Concrete CMS versions 9.5.0 through 9.5.2 are vulnerable to Open Redirect via the rcURL parameter. An attacker can craft a single link on the site's own domain that sends a user to an arbitrary external site immediately after authentication, facilitating phis…
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Medium 6.1
Snipe-IT 8.5.0 through 8.6.3 Open Redirect via SAML RelayState
Snipe-IT 8.5.0 through 8.6.3 contains an open redirect vulnerability in its SAML assertion-consumer endpoint (SamlController::acs, POST /saml/acs). The endpoint wrote the RelayState POST parameter directly into Laravel's url.intended session key with only CR/…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect in Yordam Informatics's Library Automation System
URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in Yordam Informatics Technology Consulting, Training, and Electronic Systems Industry and Trade Inc. Library Information and Document Automation Program allows Phishing. This issue affects Lib…
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Medium 4.7
Groundhogg < 4.7.2 - Open Redirect via 'redirect_to' Parameter
The Groundhogg — CRM, Newsletters, and Marketing Automation WordPress plugin before 4.7.2 does not restrict the redirect target of its email preference confirmation flow to the site's own host, allowing unauthenticated attackers to redirect visitors to an arb…