Weakness (CWE)
CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
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Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
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Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Source: MITRE CWE-770
1,164 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
Apache Kafka: PushTelemetry (KIP-714) metrics payloads are decompressed without a size limit, allowing a broker out-of-memory denial of service
The broker-side PushTelemetry API (KIP-714) validates only the compressed size of a client's metrics payload against telemetry.max.bytes (default 1 MB) before decompressing it. ClientTelemetryUtils.decompress() then decompresses the payload with no limit on t…
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Medium 5.3
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.8, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through …
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Medium 5.9
LibreSSL ocspcheck through 4.4.0 Memory Exhaustion via Unbounded OCSP HTTP Response
LibreSSL ocspcheck through 4.4.0 contains a memory exhaustion vulnerability that allows malicious OCSP responders to exhaust memory by sending unbounded HTTP responses. Attackers controlling the responder or intercepting plain HTTP AIA OCSP traffic can stream…
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Medium 4.3
russh's SSH client is susceptible to unbounded allocations via EXT_INFO packets
russh is a Rust SSH client and server library that includes an SSH agent protocol implementation. Prior to 0.65.0, the client Session::process_packet path in russh/src/client/encrypted.rs accepts repeated packets encoded with russh's private msg::EXT_INFO = 7…
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Medium 6.3
OpenTelemetry Python: Unbounded memory allocation in Jaeger baggage propagation
OpenTelemetry Python provides the Python API and SDK for OpenTelemetry. Prior to 1.45.0, JaegerPropagator.extract() in opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger processes inbound uberctx-* baggage values without entry, per-entry byte, or total-byte limits. Services tha…
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Medium 4.3
Tanium addressed an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Enforce.
Tanium addressed an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Enforce.
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Medium 5.5
Tanium addressed an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Performance Client Extension.
Tanium addressed an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Performance Client Extension.
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Medium 5.3
Tanium addressed a denial of service vulnerability in Enforce.
Tanium addressed a denial of service vulnerability in Enforce.
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Medium 5.3
Tanium addressed a denial of service vulnerability in Tanium Server.
Tanium addressed a denial of service vulnerability in Tanium Server.
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Medium 6.5
knative.dev/pkg admission webhooks allow unbounded request-body memory exhaustion
Knative pkg provides common packages shared across Knative repositories. Prior to 0.0.0-20260531000007-52dbd5ece63f, the knative.dev/pkg/webhook admissionHandler in webhook/admission.go decodes an attacker-supplied AdmissionReview through json.NewDecoder(io.T…
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Medium 6.5
Semantic MediaWiki 2.5.0 before 7.3.1 Resource Exhaustion via #set_recurring_event
Semantic MediaWiki from 2.5.0 before 7.3.1 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows low-privilege editors to bypass smwgMaxNumRecurringEvents by supplying a large limit parameter. Attackers can save pages using #set_recurring_ev…
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Medium 5.9
Autobahn Python: permessage-brotli inflates a whole frame before maxMessagePayloadSize is checked (incomplete fix of GHSA-hxp9-w8x3-p566)
Autobahn Python is a WebSocket and WAMP implementation for Python that supports Twisted and asyncio. From 26.7.1 until 26.10.1, PerMessageBrotli.decompress_message_data in compress_brotli.py calls the Brotli decompressor without an output limit and checks max…
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Medium 5.3
Tornado: Quadratic CPU usage when parsing HTTP headers with line folding
Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Prior to 6.6, Tornado's HTTP header parser accepts obsolete line folding and repeatedly concatenates short continuation lines, causing quadratic CPU consumption on the IOLoop thread. An un…
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Medium 5.3
Tornado: Event loop blocking and excess memory use from chunked bodies with many small chunks
Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Prior to 6.6.0, Tornado decodes HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer encoding by processing body data that has already arrived without yielding to the event loop. A remote unauthenticated peer can se…
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Medium 6.5
vLLM: Responses API bypasses trust_request_chat_template for chat_template_kwargs
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models. From 0.16.0 until 0.32.0, the /v1/responses endpoint allows an authenticated caller to place an attacker-controlled template in chat_template_kwargs[chat_template] when no server template is c…
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Medium 6.5
vLLM: Phi-4 multimodal audio encoder materializes and retains full attention matrices: a single max-length audio OOM-crashes the vLLM engine
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models. Prior to 0.32.0, the Phi-4 multimodal audio encoder in phi4mm_audio.py and phi4mm_utils.py uses eager attention by default, allowing a remote client to submit one legal long audio clip that ca…
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Medium 6.5
vLLM: DoS via unbounded chat_template Jinja2 rendering exhausts the renderer thread pool
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models. From 0.19.0 until 0.32.0, authenticated callers can supply a request chat template when no server-side --chat-template is configured, or a malicious model repository can provide a template tha…
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Medium 5.6
NocoDB PublicApiLimiterGuard signup UserRefreshToken.deleteAllUserToken allocation of resources
A vulnerability was determined in NocoDB up to 2026.07.0. This vulnerability affects the function UserRefreshToken.deleteAllUserToken of the file /auth/user/signup of the component PublicApiLimiterGuard. This manipulation causes allocation of resources. The a…
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Medium 5.3
Part-DB: Attachment Size Limit Bypass via API Base64 Upload
Part-DB is an open source inventory management system for electronic components. Prior to version 2.13.2, Part-DB allows authenticated API users to bypass the configured maximum attachment file size by uploading attachments through the API using base64-encode…
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Medium 5.3
Part-DB: Authenticated Disk Exhaustion via Unbounded Server-Side Attachment Downloads
Part-DB is an open source inventory management system for electronic components. Prior to version 2.13.2, Part-DB allows authenticated users to bypass the configured maximum attachment file size when using the server-side “Download external file” attachment f…
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Medium 5.5
Ghidra before 12.2 Denial of Service via TAR and ZIP File System Mount
Ghidra before 12.2 contains a resource allocation without limits vulnerability in FileSystemIndexHelper used by TarFileSystem and ZipFileSystem, which store unbounded archive entries. Attackers can persuade a user to open or batch-import a crafted TAR or ZIP …
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Medium 5.5
Ghidra before 12.2 Denial of Service via Extension Archive Install
Ghidra before 12.2 contains a resource allocation without limits vulnerability in ExtensionUtils.unzipToInstallationFolder() that extracts every extension ZIP entry without limiting file count. Attackers who persuade a user to install a crafted extension arch…
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Medium 5.5
Ghidra 10.3 before 12.2 Denial of Service via ThemeReader.readZipTheme()
Ghidra 10.3 before 12.2 contains a resource allocation without limits vulnerability in ThemeReader.readZipTheme() that extracts unlimited theme ZIP entries to the images directory. Attackers can persuade users to import a crafted theme archive with many small…
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Medium 5.8
Wasmtime 46.0.0 before 46.0.3 and 47.0.0 before 47.0.4 Unbounded Heap Allocation via WASIp3 Streams
Wasmtime 46.0.0 before 46.0.3 and 47.0.0 before 47.0.4 contains an uncontrolled resource allocation vulnerability in its WASIp3 implementation that buffers guest-specified-length writes on the host without limit. Malicious guests can offer large buffers to WA…
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Medium 4.8
Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 Unbounded Host Memory Allocation via SinkOutputStream write-zeroes
Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 contains an unbounded memory allocation in the wasmtime-wasi WASIp2 write-zeroes method of SinkOutputStream, the default stream used when stdout/stderr are not configured. A malicious Web…
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Medium 4.0
Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 Fuel Limit Bypass DoS via WASI Preview 0 poll_oneoff
Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the wasmtime-wasi WASI preview 0 poll_oneoff adapter, which performs O(n) host work per subscription without consuming or checking fuel. Mali…
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Medium 5.9
Memory-exhaustion denial of service via unbounded symbol interning during BSON/JSON deserialization
The MongoDB C# Driver's BSON library contains an uncontrolled resource consumption weakness in its deserialization handling of one BSON value type. An application that deserializes untrusted content with the library retains data derived from that content for …
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Medium 6.5
fpdf2: Exponential SVG '<use>' expansion causes CPU and memory exhaustion in 'FPDF.image()'
fpdf2 is a PDF creation library for Python. From 2.5.0 until 2.8.8, fpdf2's SVGObject.build_xref() passes nested SVG <use> references to GraphicsContext.add_item(), whose default clone=True deep-copy behavior copies the complete referenced graphics tree durin…
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Medium 5.3
Large tables in data apps can bring down execution services in KNIME Hub
An excessive resource allocation issue in the remote workflow editing capabilities of KNIME Business Hub prior to version 1.19.0 allows a authenticated attack to exhaust resources on the server side. This leads to intermittent unavailability of workflow execu…
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Medium 5.3
Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.20 and 1.7.x before 1.7.5 is affected by an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerabilit…
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Medium 5.3
Combined image style - Moderately critical - Improper access control - SA-CONTRIB-2026-188
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Drupal Combined image style allows Excessive Allocation. This issue affects Combined image style versions: from 0.0.0 to 1.0.7.
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Medium 6.5
Denial of Service (DoS) through the REST API in Splunk Enterprise
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.4, 10.2.8, 10.0.11, and 9.4.16, a user who does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could make the Splunk Enterprise instance unavailable to other users by sending a request to the Representational State Trans…
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Medium 6.5
Pillow: BMP RLE decoder memory-amplification DoS via unbounded delta escape / absolute mode
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 9.1.0 until 13.0.0, BmpRleDecoder.decode() in src/PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py permits crafted RLE BMP delta escapes and absolute-mode runs to append beyond the remaining dest_length without a per-branch cap. A delta can add …
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Medium 6.0
pypdf: Possible large memory usage for streams with multiple filters
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.20.0, accessing a crafted PDF stream with a large number of filters or multiple filters that pass around large amounts of data can cause large memory consumption. This issue is fixed in versi…
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Medium 6.0
pypdf: Possible large memory usage when parsing content streams
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.21.0, an attacker can craft a PDF containing a content stream with many small operations, causing parsing to consume large amounts of memory. This issue is fixed in version 6.21.0.
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Medium 6.0
pypdf: Possible large memory usage when parsing arrays and dictionaries
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.21.0, an attacker can craft a PDF containing arrays or dictionaries with many elements, causing parsing to consume large amounts of memory. This issue is fixed in version 6.21.0.
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Medium 4.8
Pydantic AI Harness before 0.59.0 CodeMode Tool Call Limit Bypass via run_code
Pydantic AI Harness before 0.59.0 fails to enforce UsageLimits.tool_calls_limit on nested tool calls dispatched from run_code in the CodeMode toolset. Users or prompt-injected content can make the sandboxed program invoke tools via run_nested_call() without c…
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Medium 5.3
Aggregate DNS name chained pointer decompression work leads to degradation of service.
NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.26.1 limits compression-pointer traversal for each individual domain-name operation but has no aggregate inbound decompression-work budget. Many chained compression pointers in a message results in a lot of CPU…
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Medium 5.3
adm-zip 0.6.0 Decompression Bomb Guard Bypass via getDataAsync()
adm-zip 0.6.0 contains a decompression bomb protection bypass that allows attackers to evade the maxOutputLength guard by targeting the asynchronous getDataAsync() path in methods/inflater.js. Attackers can craft ZIP entries with falsified small declared size…
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Medium 5.3
ApostropheCMS: Unauthenticated unbounded multipart upload → disk-exhaustion DoS
ApostropheCMS is an open-source Node.js content management system. Prior to 1.5.5 of the ApostropheCMS Form add-on, its form submission route stages unbounded multipart uploads before form validation or authentication and lacks upload size, count, and rate li…