Weakness (CWE)
CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
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Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
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Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Source: MITRE CWE-770
2,486 results · Feed
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Low 2.7
fluent-plugin-s3: Denial of Service (DoS) via Decompression Bomb in `in_s3`
fluent-plugin-s3 is an Amazon S3 input and output plugin for Fluentd. From 0.7.0 to 1.8.4, the in_s3 input plugin reads the entire decompressed payload of gzip, lzma2, and lzop objects into memory without enforcing a decompression_size_limit. An attacker with…
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High 7.5
docx4j: Stack Overflow via Cyclic `w:basedOn` Style Chain leads to Denial of Service
docx4j is an open source Java library for creating, editing, and saving OpenXML packages, including DOCX, PPTX, and XLSX files. Prior to 11.5.14, PropertyResolver and adjacent helpers recursively follow the WordprocessingML w:basedOn style inheritance chain w…
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High 7.5
dd-trace-rb: Improper parsing of W3C baggage headers may lead to DoS
dd-trace-rb is Datadog's client library for Ruby. Prior to 2.32.0, W3C baggage extraction does not enforce DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_MAX_ITEMS, which defaults to 64, or DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_MAX_BYTES, which defaults to 8192, although those limits apply during baggage inje…
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High 7.5
dd-trace-java: Improper parsing of W3C baggage headers may lead to DoS
dd-trace-java is a Datadog APM client for Java. Prior to 1.62.0, W3C baggage extraction does not enforce DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_MAX_ITEMS, which defaults to 64, or DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_MAX_BYTES, which defaults to 8192, although those limits apply during baggage inject…
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High 7.5
node-opcua: Unbounded nonce cache enables unauthenticated heap exhaustion DoS
node-opcua is an OPC UA implementation for TypeScript and Node.js. Prior to 2.166.0, the process-global g_alreadyUsedNonce cache used by nonceAlreadyBeenUsed in packages/node-opcua-secure-channel/source/server/server_secure_channel_layer.ts records nonces fro…
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Medium 5.3
webtransport-go: Memory Exhaustion Attack due to Buffering of Unknown Capsules
webtransport-go is an implementation of the WebTransport protocol. Prior to 0.11.1, Session.parseNextCapsule() in session.go skips an unknown WebTransport capsule on the HTTP/3 request stream by calling io.ReadAll on the capsule reader, retaining the complete…
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Critical 9.8
Apache Storm DRPC: Unauthenticated Unbounded Memory Growth in DRPC
Description The DRPC server kept a map from function name to request queue and created an entry the first time a function name was seen. No code path ever removed an entry: request cleanup removed the request from its queue, and the shutdown path drained queu…
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Medium 4.3
Fix authenticated members disabling file content indexing server-wide via extraction pool exhaustion
Mattermost versions 11.9.x <= 11.9.0, 11.8.x <= 11.8.4, 11.7.x <= 11.7.7, 10.11.x <= 10.11.22 fail to properly enforce the limit of concurrent files being processed and handled failed files, which allows a user with permission to upload files to spawn more go…
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Medium 5.3
TooTallNate Java-WebSocket Fragmentation Draft_6455.java processFrameContinuousAndNonFin allocation of resources
A weakness has been identified in TooTallNate Java-WebSocket up to 1.6.1. The impacted element is the function processFrameContinuousAndNonFin of the file Draft_6455.java of the component Fragmentation Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to allocation …
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High 7.5
The webserver in UnrealIRCd 6.0.5 through 6.2.6 before 6.2.7 does not limit the number of HTTP request headers, which a…
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Medium 6.5
Hoverfly: Denial of Service via Goroutine Leak in Remote Post-Serve Actions
Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. Prior to version 1.12.8, remote post-serve actions use `http.DefaultClient` without any timeout configuration. When the remote endpoint is unreachable or intentionally slow (accepts TCP connection but never resp…
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Medium 6.2
opentelemetry-ebpf-profiler: Unprivileged process can trigger a denial of service on the ebpf-profiler agent
OpenTelemetry eBPF Profiler is a production-scale agent for profiling applications across multiple programming languages. Starting in version 0.0.202527 and prior to version 0.0.202622, an unprivileged process can cause the profiler to open a nonregular mappi…
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High 7.5
AirSane has a Remote Denial of Service (OOM) via Unvalidated Content-Length in HTTP Server
AirSane is a SANE frontend, and a scanner server that supports Apple's AirScan protocol. Versions prior to 0.4.12 have a vulnerability in the custom HTTP server implementation of AirSane that allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a Denial of Servi…
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High 7.5
multiparty vulnerable to Denial of Service via unbounded part-header accumulation
multiparty is a Node.js library for parsing multipart/form-data request bodies. In versions from 2.1.0 up to but not including 4.3.1, the parser does not bound the amount of memory used while accumulating the headers of a single multipart part. An unauthentic…
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High 7.5
ikev2: unbounded client transform storage can lead to resource exhaustion
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. Prior to versions 7.0.16 and 8.0.5,IKEv2 parser state could grow without bounds while storing client transforms. Repeated crafted UDP traffic…
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High 7.5
Suricata ldap: unbounded responses per transaction can lead to resource exhaustion
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. Starting in version 8.0.0 and prior to version 8.0.5, LDAP transaction state could store an unbounded number of responses. Because LDAP can b…
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High 7.5
Suricata nfs: unbounded stateful structures can lead to resource exhaustion
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. Prior to versions 7.0.16 and 8.0.5, certain NFS parser state structures were insufficiently bounded. Crafted NFS traffic may cause Suricata t…
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High 7.5
Suricata dnp3: unbounded reassembly can lead to resource exhaustion
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. Prior to versions 7.0.16 and 8.0.5, DNP3 reassembly could buffer data without sufficient parser-level bounds. Crafted DNP3 traffic may cause …
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Medium 5.3
Traefik: respondingTimeouts.readTimeout is not applied to HTTP/3, leaving slow-body uploads unbounded
Traefik is an open source HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. From 2.8.2 until 2.11.56 and 3.7.12, HTTP/3 entrypoints do not apply entryPoints..transport.respondingTimeouts.readTimeout because the timeout is enforced on a TCP connection and the HTTP/3 serve…
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Medium 5.9
Suricata lua: sandbox allocation limit not enforced for new allocations
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. Starting in version 8.0.0 and prior to version 8.0.5, when Lua rule execution is enabled, the Lua sandbox memory limit was not consistently e…
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Medium 5.3
Traefik v2.8.2 through v3.6 HTTP/3 Timeout Bypass
Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. In versions >= v2.8.2 through <= v2.11.55 and >= v3.0.0 through <= v3.7.11, the entryPoints.<name>.transport.respondingTimeouts settings — notably readTimeout, which is enabled by default at 60s — are not ap…
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High 7.5
Open WebUI: Unauthenticated requests can stall the server via uncached OIDC fetches in back-channel logout
Open WebUI is an extensible, feature-rich, and user-friendly self-hosted AI platform. From 0.9.0 until 0.11.1, the unauthenticated POST /oauth/backchannel-logout handler in backend/open_webui/utils/oauth.py fetched the OIDC discovery document and signing keys…
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Medium 6.5
PocketMine-MP before 5.39.2 Denial of Service via ModalFormResponsePacket
PocketMine-MP versions before 5.39.2 fail to limit JSON payload size in ModalFormResponsePacket handling, allowing authenticated players to cause denial of service. Attackers can send modal form response packets with massive JSON arrays to exhaust server memo…
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Medium 5.3
PocketMine-MP before 5.25.2 Denial of Service via explode
PocketMine-MP versions before 5.25.2 fail to limit the explode() function in packet parsing, allowing malicious clients to waste server resources. Attackers can send crafted packets with excessive delimiters to consume CPU and memory through sign editing, JWT…
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Medium 6.5
PocketMine-MP before 5.32.1 Denial of Service via ResourcePackClientResponsePacket
PocketMine-MP before 5.32.1 fails to validate uniqueness of pack UUIDs in ResourcePackClientResponsePacket STATUS_SEND_PACKS handling, allowing authenticated clients to trigger duplicate pack transmissions. Attackers can send multiple copies of valid pack UUI…
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Medium 4.3
PocketMine-MP before 4.18.0-ALPHA2 Bandwidth Amplification via InventoryTransactionPacket
PocketMine-MP before 4.18.0-ALPHA2 fails to rate-limit mismatch type InventoryTransactionPacket requests, allowing attackers to trigger excessive inventory synchronization. Attackers can send numerous mismatch transactions to force the server to transmit larg…
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Medium 6.2
MCP Kotlin SDK's unbounded line buffer in StdioServerTransport/StdioClientTransport leads to memory exhaustion (DoS)
MCP Kotlin SDK is the Kotlin Multiplatform software development kit for the Model Context Protocol. In versions 0.7.0 through 0.12.0, `ReadBuffer.append` in `kotlin-sdk-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin/sdk/shared/ReadBuffer.kt` writes…
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High 8.7
n8n: Unauthenticated Persistent Storage Exhaustion via OAuth Dynamic Client Registration Endpoint
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 2.37.7 and 2.38.2, the OAuth Dynamic Client Registration endpoint bounded redirect_uris but accepted arbitrarily large client_name and grant_types values. An unauthenticated remote caller could repe…
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Medium 5.5
In initForUserNoTracing of VoiceInteractionManagerService.java, there is a possible persistent denial of service due to…
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High 7.5
ASP.NET Core Denial of Service Vulnerability
Allocation of resources without limits or throttling in ASP.NET Core allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
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Medium 6.5
Windows SMB Server Denial of Service Vulnerability
Allocation of resources without limits or throttling in Windows SMB Server allows an authorized attacker to deny service over a network.
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Medium 5.9
Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) Denial of Service Vulnerability
Allocation of resources without limits or throttling in Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
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High 7.5
Microsoft.OpenApi.YamlReader vulnerable to denial of service via YAML alias expansion
The OpenAPI.NET SDK contains a useful object model for OpenAPI documents in .NET along with common serializers to extract raw OpenAPI JSON and YAML documents from the model. In Microsoft.OpenApi.Readers versions before 1.6.30 and Microsoft.OpenApi.YamlReader …
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High 7.5
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in MongoDB Sharded Cluster Router Allows Unauthenticated Denial of Service
An uncontrolled resource consumption weakness exists in the request-handling path of the MongoDB sharded-cluster router process. A client that has network access to a router port and has not authenticated can supply connection-monitoring parameters that cause…
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Medium 6.5
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in MongoDB Server JSON Pointer Parser Leads to Denial of Service
A security issue exists in MongoDB server's JSON Pointer parser used during $jsonSchema query filter processing. When a find command includes a specially crafted $jsonSchema filter field, the parser processes the input without enforcing adequate limits on ite…
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High 7.5
A vulnerability has been identified in Reyrolle 7SR5 (All versions < V2.70). The web server does not properly limit or …
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High 7.5
WordPress WooCommerce plugin < 11.1.0 - Denial of Service Attack vulnerability
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Automattic WooCommerce allows HTTP DoS. This issue affects WooCommerce: from n/a before 11.1.0.
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Medium 5.3
java-json-tools jackson-coreutils JSON Pointer parser TreePointer.java TreePointer.tokensFromInput allocation of resources
A security flaw has been discovered in java-json-tools jackson-coreutils 2.0. This vulnerability affects the function TreePointer.tokensFromInput of the file src/main/java/com/github/fge/jackson/jsonpointer/TreePointer.java of the component JSON Pointer parse…
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Medium 5.7
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ASUS Armoury Crate allows a local user to cause a denial-of-ser…
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High 8.2
Unauthenticated authorize requests create unbounded, never-expiring CIMD client rows and cache entries in ash_authentication_oauth2_server
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_authentication_oauth2_server allows an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust database storage and memory. The /authorize endpoint is unauthenticated by design. With Client ID …