Weakness (CWE)
CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
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Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
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Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Source: MITRE CWE-770
2,488 results · Feed
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High 7.5CVE-2026-18649 Public exploit
Gstreamer1-plugins-good: gst-plugins-good: unbounded memory growth in rtph264depay and rtph265depay rtp depayloaders
A flaw was found in the GStreamer gst-plugins-good package. The rtph264depay and rtph265depay RTP depayloader elements do not enforce a maximum size limit on the reassembly buffer used during fragmented RTP packet processing. A remote, unauthenticated attacke…
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High 7.5
Nuxt: Unauthenticated CPU exhaustion parsing and hashing the Nuxt island endpoint body before hash validation
Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. From 3.1.0 until 3.21.10 and 4.5.1, the internal island renderer endpoint `/__nuxt_island/...` decodes and hashes attacker-controlled JSON body input with destr and ohash before validating the URL-r…
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High 7.5
Nuxt: Unauthenticated out-of-memory crash via unbounded v-for expansion in island rendering
Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. From 3.1.0 until 3.21.10 and 4.5.1, an unauthenticated attacker can use a server island v-for prop, including vforToArray and , to trigger unbounded SSR memory allocation until MAX_VFOR_LENGTH = 100…
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Medium 5.9
rclone: Unbounded HTTP CONNECT Response Headers Can Exhaust rclone Memory
rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. Prior to 1.75.0, the shared HTTP CONNECT helper in lib/proxy/http.go parses proxy CONNECT responses with http.ReadResponse over an unrestricted buffe…
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Medium 6.5
Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: unbounded metric cardinality in user event metrics via request-controlled error text
A flaw was found in the user-event metrics recording of Keycloak. When metrics are enabled, the system records raw error messages from failed account operations as Prometheus metric labels. Because these error messages can include user-supplied input like non…
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High 7.5
Rancher Audit-Log Middleware Unauthenticated Memory Exhaustion Denial of Service
When API audit logging is enabled, the middleware reads the entire HTTP request body into memory without enforcing a size limit on login endpoints. Because the audit middleware is positioned earlier in the handler chain than Rancher's APIBodyLimitingHandler, …
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Medium 4.3
Unauthenticated Denial-of-Service via TLS SAN Stuffing in Rancher and cattle-cluster-agent
A denial-of-service vulnerability was identified in multiple TLS listeners in Rancher. Both the cattle-cluster-agent component running in downstream clusters and the Rancher server itself use the dynamiclistener library to serve TLS traffic. Without an effect…
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High 7.5
Apache Qpid ProtonJ2: Unable to govern the maximum number of transfer frames per incoming delivery
It was not possible to govern the maximum number of transfer frames per incoming delivery, enabling an authenticated attacker to cause excessive resource usage and potential denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid ProtonJ2: through 1.1.0. Users are …
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Medium 6.5
Apache Qpid Proton Dotnet: Unable to govern the maximum number of transfer frames per incoming delivery
It was not possible to govern the maximum number of transfer frames per incoming delivery, enabling an authenticated attacker to cause excessive resource usage and potential denial of service This issue affects Apache Qpid Proton-Dotnet: through 1.0.0. Users …
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Medium 6.5
Apache Qpid Broker-J: Unable to govern the maximum number of transfer frames per incoming delivery
It was not possible to govern the maximum number of transfer frames per incoming delivery, enabling an authenticated attacker to cause excessive resource usage and potential denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Broker-J: through 10.0.1. Users are…
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Medium 6.5
Apache Qpid Proton-J: Unable to govern the maximum number of transfer frames per incoming delivery
It was not possible to govern the maximum number of transfer frames per incoming delivery, enabling an authenticated attacker to cause excessive resource usage and potential denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Proton-J: through 0.34.1. Users are…
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Medium 6.5
Apache Qpid ProtonJ2: Incoming session flow control window can be exceeded
An authenticated attacker could exceed the session flow control incoming window potentially leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid ProtonJ2: through 1.1.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.2.0, which fixes the issue.
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Medium 6.5
Apache Qpid Proton Dotnet: Incoming session flow control window can be exceeded
An authenticated attacker could exceed the session flow control incoming window potentially leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Proton-Dotnet: through 1.0.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.1.0, which fixes the issue.
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Medium 6.5
Apache Qpid Broker-J: Incoming session flow control window can be exceeded
An authenticated attacker could exceed the session flow control incoming window potentially leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Broker-J: through 10.0.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 10.1.0, which fixes the issue.
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Medium 6.5
Apache Qpid Proton-J: Incoming session flow control window can be exceeded
An authenticated attacker could exceed the session flow control incoming window potentially leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Proton-J: through 0.34.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.35.0, which fixes the issue.
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High 7.5
Apache Qpid Broker-J: Type size/count handling can lead to excessive allocation pre-authentication
A pre-authentication attacker could leverage type size/count handling to cause excessive allocation leading to potential denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Broker-J: through 10.0.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 10.1.0, which fixe…
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High 7.5
Apache Qpid ProtonJ2: Unbounded symbol value caching can lead to pre-authentication resource exhaustion
A pre-authentication attacker could leverage unbounded symbol value caching to cause resource exhaustion leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid ProtonJ2: through 1.1.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.2.0, which fixes the i…
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High 7.5
Apache Qpid Proton Dotnet: Unbounded symbol value caching can lead to pre-authentication resource exhaustion
A pre-authentication attacker could leverage unbounded symbol value caching to cause resource exhaustion leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Proton-Dotnet: through 1.0.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.1.0, which fixes …
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High 7.5
Apache Qpid Broker-J: Unbounded symbol value caching can lead to pre-authentication resource exhaustion
A pre-authentication attacker could leverage unbounded symbol value caching to cause resource exhaustion leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Broker-J: through 10.0.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 10.1.0, which fixes the…
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High 7.5
Apache Qpid Proton-J: Unbounded symbol value caching can lead to pre-authentication resource exhaustion
A pre-authentication attacker could leverage unbounded symbol value caching to cause resource exhaustion leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Proton-J: through 0.34.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.35.0, which fixes the…
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High 8.7
jackson-core: Async parser maxNumberLength bypass via chunked digit accumulation (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-18401 / GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq)
The fix released in jackson-core 2.18.6 and 2.21.1 for CVE-2026-18401 (GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq, number length constraint bypass in the non-blocking parser) is incomplete. This record covers the remaining bypass. The earlier fix wired validateIntegerLength() into …
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Medium 6.9
jackson-core: Number length constraint bypass in non-blocking (async) JSON parser leads to potential denial of service
The non-blocking (asynchronous) JSON parser in jackson-core does not enforce the maxNumberLength constraint defined in StreamReadConstraints (default: 1000 characters). An attacker able to submit JSON to an application that uses the async parser API can suppl…
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Medium 6.5
Perspective 5.0.0 DoS via Loop Expression Evaluation
Perspective 5.0.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows remote attackers to block the server event loop indefinitely by submitting a crafted expression containing unbounded for or while loop constructs in a TableMakeViewReq message. Attackers…
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High 7.5
brace-expansion: DoS via unbounded intermediate arrays, bypassing the CVE-2026-14257 mitigation
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.18, 2.1.4, 3.0.6, and 5.0.9, expand() does not apply maxLength while constructing comma-alternative intermediate arrays or padded sequences, allowing a…
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High 8.7
Unauthenticated Denial of Service via Unbounded Activity-Timeline Range in CTI-Transmute
CTI-Transmute contains an uncontrolled resource-consumption vulnerability in the unauthenticated /activity_timeline endpoint. The endpoint accepts a user-controlled days query parameter that was not restricted to a reasonable range. A remote, unauthenticated …
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Medium 5.3
PKCS#12 MAC and bag-decryption KDF iteration-count bound (DoS)
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, PKCS#12 MAC and bag-decryption KDF iteration-count bound (DoS). This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2 (2.…
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Medium 5.3
BCFKS keystore load honours unbounded KDF cost from untrusted file
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, BCFKS keystore load honours unbounded KDF cost from untrusted file. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2…
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Medium 6.5
In wlan STA FW, there is a possible system becoming unresponsive due to logging. This could lead to remote (proximal/ad…
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Medium 6.9
CRMF/CMP password-MAC honours unbounded iteration count
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, CRMF/CMP password-MAC honours unbounded iteration count. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bcpkix-fips 1.0.12 (1.0.X series), 2.0.12 (2.0.X…
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Medium 6.9
OpenPGP Argon2 S2K honours attacker-chosen memory and passes
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, OpenPGP Argon2 S2K honours attacker-chosen memory and passes. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bcpg-fips 1.0.13 (1.0.X series), 2.0.13 (2.…
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Medium 5.3
PKCS#8 / PBES2 decryptors honour unbounded KDF cost from input
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, PKCS#8 / PBES2 decryptors honour unbounded KDF cost from input. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bcpkix-fips 1.0.12 (1.0.X series), 2.0.12…
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Medium 5.9
better-auth before 1.4.2 basePath Modification DoS
better-auth (npm) before 1.4.2 allows an external request to configure baseURL when it is not otherwise defined (e.g., BETTER_AUTH_URL is unset). An attacker able to make the very first request to the server after startup can poison the router's base path, ca…
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Medium 6.9
guardian atom exhaustion in Guardian.Permissions.encode_permissions!/1
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ueberauth guardian (Guardian.Permissions module) allows a denial of service via BEAM atom-table exhaustion. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/guardian/permissions.ex an…
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Medium 6.9
Atom-table exhaustion denial of service in Guardian permissions AtomEncoding via unbounded atom creation
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ueberauth guardian allows denial of service via unbounded atom creation from attacker-controlled binary input. Guardian.Permissions.AtomEncoding encodes permission scopes by passing arbitrary binaries to…
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Medium 6.9
Atom-table exhaustion denial of service in Guardian via unbounded atom creation from binary keys
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ueberauth guardian allows denial of service via unbounded atom creation from attacker-influenced binary input. Guardian.Plug.Keys derives connection and session namespace keys by passing arbitrary binari…
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Medium 6.3
axios 0.28.0 before 0.33.0 and 1.0.0 before 1.18.0 Denial of Service via formToJSON
axios versions from 0.28.0 before 0.33.0 and from 1.0.0 before 1.18.0 contain uncontrolled recursion in formDataToJSON (exposed as axios.formToJSON() and used internally when serializing FormData with Content-Type: application/json). When an application passe…
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Medium 5.3
guzzlehttp/guzzle before 7.15.1 Unbounded Cookie Denial of Service
guzzlehttp/guzzle versions before 7.15.1 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the CookieJar that accepts unlimited Set-Cookie header fields with no size restrictions. Attackers can return many large cookies from a malicious server, causing Guzzle to s…
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Medium 6.3
axios 1.7.0 before 1.18.0 maxBodyLength Bypass via ReadableStream
axios versions 1.7.0 before 1.18.0 fail to enforce maxBodyLength for WHATWG ReadableStream request bodies in the fetch adapter when Content-Length cannot be determined. Attackers can supply unknown-length stream data to bypass upload size limits and cause unc…
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High 7.5
FreeRDP before 3.29.0 Resource Exhaustion via chunked HTTP response
FreeRDP before 3.29.0 fails to enforce the RESPONSE_SIZE_LIMIT when processing Transfer-Encoding: chunked HTTP responses in http_response_recv_body(). Attackers controlling a malicious RD Gateway endpoint can send oversized chunked response bodies to exhaust …
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Medium —
zaino-state has a Non-Finalized State Reorg — No Cycle Detection or Depth Limit
### Summary `NonFinalizedState::handle_reorg` is a recursive, unbounded async function that traverses parent blocks until it finds a common ancestor on the main chain. It has **no recursion depth limit** and **no cycle detection**. A malicious or buggy valida…