Weakness (CWE)
CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs
The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
-
Operation
If possible, prohibit the use of DTDs or use an XML parser that limits the expansion of recursive DTD entities.
-
Implementation
Before parsing XML files with associated DTDs, scan for recursive entity declarations and do not continue parsing potentially explosive content.
Source: MITRE CWE-776
104 results · Feed
-
High 7.5
plist.js before 5.0.1 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via Binary Parser
plist.js (npm package 'plist') before 5.0.1 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in the binary property-list parser (parseBinary) that allows unauthenticated attackers to crash a Node.js process by exploiting unmemoized recursive resolu…
-
High 7.5
Apache JClouds: XML External Entity (XXE) in provider-response parsing
** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Improper restriction of recursive entity references in DTDs ('XML entity expansion') vulnerability in Apache JClouds. This issue affects Apache JClouds: all versions. As this project is retired, we do not plan to release a vers…
-
High 7.5
libexpat through 2.9.0 Denial of Service via Billion Laughs Detection Delay
libexpat through 2.9.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability because billion laughs protection in accountingDiffTolerated() in xmlparse.c detects entity amplification too late. Attackers can supply a moderately sized XML document with a large DTD and nes…
-
High 8.8
PhpSpreadsheet: XmlScanner Bypass via Double-Encoded unentity() TOCTOU Allows XXE and Denial of Service
PhpSpreadsheet is a pure PHP library for reading and writing spreadsheet files. From 3.3.0 until 3.10.8 and 5.10.0, Reader\Xml passes stored SpreadsheetML XML through XmlScanner::scan in Xml::canRead and Xml::trySimpleXMLLoadStringPrivate, while Xml::unentity…
-
High 8.8
PhpSpreadsheet: XmlScanner Bypass via ISO-2022 Escape Sequences Allows XXE and Denial of Service
PhpSpreadsheet is a pure PHP library for reading and writing spreadsheet files. Prior to 1.30.7, 2.1.19, 2.4.8, 3.10.8, and 5.10.0, XmlScanner::scan in src/PhpSpreadsheet/Reader/Security/XmlScanner.php uses a DOCTYPE detection pattern that accounts for NUL-by…
-
High 7.5
Apache Cocoon: XEE could lead to SSRF and information disclosure
** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Improper restriction of recursive entity references in DTDs ('XML entity expansion') vulnerability in Apache Cocoon. This issue affects Apache Cocoon: all versions. XEE in the fp: form processor could lead to SSRF, including ex…
-
Medium 6.5
OpenNMS denial of service via XML entity expansion
A denial of service vulnerability exists in the XML parsing of multiple versions of OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon. OpenNMS parsed XML without an effective limit on entity expansion. A document with a DOCTYPE that declares internal entities can expand to a very…
-
Medium 4.9
Wazuh 3.9.0 before 4.14.8 Memory Exhaustion via SCA YAML Alias Expansion
Wazuh from 3.9.0 before 4.14.8 contains an uncontrolled YAML alias expansion vulnerability in yaml2json_node that allows a manager-controlled policy to exhaust agent memory. Attackers controlling the manager can push a small SCA policy with nested aliases via…
-
High 7.5
Apache CXF: Prevent unbounded XML document size in StaxUtils by adding default element and character limits
By default, StaxUtils placed no limit on the total number of elements or the total number of characters in an XML document. A very large request could therefore use a lot of memory and CPU during parsing, especially where CXF builds a DOM from the input (for …
-
Medium 6.1
Apache Sling XSS: Missing parser resource limits
Improper restriction of recursive entity references in DTDs ('XML entity expansion') vulnerability in Apache Sling XSS. This issue affects Apache Sling XSS: before 2.4.12. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.12, which fixes the issue.
-
High 7.1
ArcadeDB: IMPORT DATABASE allows SSRF and arbitrary local file read by authenticated users
ArcadeDB is a Multi-Model DBMS. Prior to 26.6.1, the IMPORT DATABASE statement in engine/src/main/java/com/arcadedb/query/sql/parser/ImportDatabaseStatement.java did not require administrative privileges and passed its source to integration/src/main/java/com/…
-
Medium 5.9
svg_optimizer rubygem external XML entity (XXE) vulnerability
The svg_optimizer gem before 0.3.0 for Ruby performs entity expansion on untrusted documents.
-
Low 2.2
Denial of Service vulnerability in SAP Process Integration (SOAP Adapter)
SAP Process Integration (SOAP Adapter) allows a privileged user to send specially crafted requests containing deeply nested entity definitions, which under certain conditions could temporarily increase processor load and degrade system responsiveness. Success…
-
Medium 5.7
IBM App Connect Enterprise and IBM Integration Bus for z/OS Adapter nodes are vulnerable to multiple CVEs
IBM App Connect Enterprise 13.0.1.0 through 13.0.8.1, and 12.0.1.0 through 12.0.12.28 and IBM Integration Bus for z/OS 10.1.0.0 through 10.1.0.7 Toolkit could allow an authenticated user to cause a denial-of-service condition due to improper validation of XML…
-
High 7.5
NLTK before 3.10.3 Entity Expansion DoS via ElementTree
NLTK versions before 3.10.3 use xml.etree.ElementTree to parse XML in multiple modules, which honors entity declarations in document DTDs. Attackers can craft XML payloads with nested entity declarations that expand from hundreds of bytes to megabytes in memo…
-
High 8.7
fast-xml-parser: Repeated DOCTYPE declarations reset entity expansion limits
fast-xml-parser allows users to process XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries or callbacks. From 5.9.3 until 5.10.1, src/xmlparser/OrderedObjParser.js processes multiple DOCTYPE declarations within a single XML document and passes each declaration'…
-
High 8.7
XML External Entity (XXE) Injection via Schema Validation in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows File Reading and Denial of Service
The XML and schema validation functionalities within the SchemaValidator Mediator process XML input as part of validation flows. Under certain conditions, the XML parser allows the resolution of external entities when handling user-supplied XML content during…
-
Medium 5.3
XXE Denial of Service via RadLayoutBuilder Client State in Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX
In Progress® Telerik® UI for AJAX prior to v2026.2.708, the internal LayoutBuilder control processes client-state XML without disabling DTD processing, allowing unauthenticated denial of service via recursive XML entity expansion.
-
Medium 5.3
IBM Engineering Lifecycle Management - Jazz Foundation is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion attack
IBM Engineering Lifecycle Management 7.0.3 ( Interim Fix 001 through ) Interim Fix 021, 7.1.0 ( Interim Fix 001 through ) Interim Fix 009, and 7.2.0 and 7.2.0 Interim Fix 001 DOORS could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to improper han…
-
High 8.7
Symfony: YAML Parser Exponential Memory Allocation via Recursive Collection-Alias Expansion ("Billion Laughs")
Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Prior to 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, Symfony\Component\Yaml\Parser resolved YAML collection aliases recursively, allowing a small untrusted YAML input to…
-
High 8.2
Symfony: [Yaml] Harden the parser when handling untrusted input
Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Prior to 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, when the parser is exposed to attacker-controlled input, deeply nested mappings or sequences cause both the block-le…
-
Medium 5.5
Docling: Unsafe Archive Extraction and XML Parsing in METS-GBS Backend
Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.45.0 until 2.91.0, the METS-GBS backend's XML parsing and the input document format detection lacked security controls. An at…
-
Medium 6.5
Apicurio/apicurio-registry: apicurio-registry: xml entity-expansion denial of service via internal dtd subset
A flaw was found in Apicurio Registry. The DocumentBuilderAccessor correctly blocks external DTD and schema access but does not disable DOCTYPE declarations or enable FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING. An attacker with artifact-write permission can upload XML documen…
-
High 7.5
Docling: Unsafe XML Entity Expansion in USPTO Patent Backend
Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.13.0 until 2.74.0, the USPTO patent XML parser used the standard xml.sax.parseString() without protection against XML Externa…
-
High 7.5
Ultimate Sitemap Parser (USP): XML Entity Expansion (Billion Laughs) DoS in XMLSitemapParser
## XML Entity Expansion (Billion Laughs) DoS in XMLSitemapParser ### Summary `ultimate-sitemap-parser` version 1.8.0 and earlier parse attacker-controlled XML content using Python's `xml.parsers.expat` without any restriction on DTD declarations or recursive …
-
High 7.5
Freeswitch Denial-of-Service in SIP PUBLISH Requests via XML Entity Expansion
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to version 1.11.0, FreeSWITCH's bundled XML parser expands nested <!EN…
-
High 8.7
Routinator crashes on specifically crafted RRDP XML files
When Routinator encounters a file via RRDP using a specifically crafted Document Type Definition, Routinator crashes.
-
Medium 5.3
Unauthenticated XML External Entity Injection in AOS-8 Instant allows Denial of Service
A vulnerability in the XML handling component of AOS-8 DHCP services could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a denial-of-service condition. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to cause excessive resource consumption upon user int…
-
High 7.5
Docling's METS GBS backend is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion (XXE) attacks
Docling's METS GBS backend is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion (XXE) attacks thru 2.61.0. The backend extracts and validates XML files from .tar.gz archives using etree.fromstring() without disabling entity resolution. An attacker can craft a malicious XML …
-
High 7.1
SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE: XML External Entity (XXE) and billion-laughs DoS in VMID parser
SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE is an unofficial, independently developed extension, Postprocessor IDE for SolidCAM. From version 1.0.0 to before version 1.0.2, Opening a .gpp file in the SolidCAM Postprocessor IDE extension causes the language server to parse a companion …
-
High 8.7
xmldom: Denial of service via uncontrolled recursion in XML serialization
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) `DOMParser` and `XMLSerializer` module. In @xmldom/xmldom prior to versions 0.9.10 and 0.8.13 and xmldom version 0.6.0 and prior, seven recursive traversals in lib/dom.js operate without a …
-
Medium 6.9
pypdf: Manipulated XMP metadata entity declarations can exhaust RAM
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. In versions prior to 6.10.0, manipulated XMP metadata entity declarations can exhaust RAM. An attacker who exploits this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires pa…
-
High 7.5
.NET Denial of Service Vulnerability
Uncontrolled resource consumption in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
-
High 7.5
.NET, .NET Framework, and Visual Studio Denial of Service Vulnerability
Loop with unreachable exit condition ('infinite loop') in .NET, .NET Framework, Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
-
High 7.5
ImageMagick is vulnerable to Stack Overflow in DestroyXMLTree()
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions below both 7.1.2-19 and 6.9.13-44, Magick frees the memory of the XML tree via the `DestroyXMLTree()` function; however, this process is executed recurs…
-
High 7.5
fast-xml-parser affected by numeric entity expansion bypassing all entity expansion limits (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-26278)
fast-xml-parser allows users to process XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries or callbacks. Versions 4.0.0-beta.3 through 5.5.5 contain a bypass vulnerability where numeric character references (&#NNN;, &#xHH;) and standard XML entities completely …
-
High 7.5
SVGO: DoS through entity expansion in DOCTYPE (Billion Laughs)
SVGO, short for SVG Optimizer, is a Node.js library and command-line application for optimizing SVG files. From version 2.1.0 to before version 2.8.1, from version 3.0.0 to before version 3.3.3, and before version 4.0.1, SVGO accepts XML with custom entities,…
-
Medium 4.9
MarkUs: YAML alias (‘billion laughs’) DoS in config upload
MarkUs is a web application for the submission and grading of student assignments. Prior to version 2.9.4, MarkUs allows course instructors to upload YAML files to create/update various entities (e.g., assignment settings). These YAML files are parsed with al…
-
High 7.5
fast-xml-parser affected by DoS through entity expansion in DOCTYPE (no expansion limit)
fast-xml-parser allows users to validate XML, parse XML to JS object, or build XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries and no callback. In versions 4.1.3 through 5.3.5, the XML parser can be forced to do an unlimited amount of entity expansion. With …
-
Medium 4.6
Extensible Markup Language (XML) External Entity Injection (XXE) through Dashboard label field on Splunk Enterprise
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.4, 9.3.6, and 9.2.8, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2411.108, 9.3.2408.118 and 9.2.2406.123, a low privilege user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could perform an extensible markup l…