Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 10.0
OS Command Injection in StoneFly Storage Concentrator
Storage Concentrator (SC & SCVM) contains a command injection vulnerability within the debug.pl script that is reachable without authentication. A remote attacker can submit a specially crafted HTTP request containing a malicious payload that is processed wit…
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Critical 9.8
Grav - Multiple Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities via Unsafe Unserialize and Command Injection
Grav CMS before 2.0.0-beta.2 contains multiple code-execution vulnerabilities. Three unsafe unserialize() calls - in Scheduler\JobQueue, Framework\Cache\Adapter\FileCache, and Session - deserialize untrusted data without restricting allowed classes, enabling …
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Critical 10.0
Kestra: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Authentication Bypass in `AuthenticationFilter`
Kestra is an open-source, event-driven orchestration platform. Prior to 1.0.45 and 1.3.21, AuthenticationFilter in Kestra OSS uses request.getPath().endsWith("/configs") to whitelist the public configuration endpoint from Basic Auth. Because the check is a su…
KEV Sep 2, 2026 -
Critical 9.0
Dokku: OS Command Injection via app.json managed Cron
Dokku is a docker-powered PaaS. Prior to 0.38.7, the cron plugin utilizes commands in the app.json file to manage system cron running as the Dokku user. An app.json cron command utilizing special shell characters - including, but not limited to, > or ; - can …
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Critical 9.0
Dokku: OS Command Injection via App Name in Git Pre-Receive Hook
Dokku is a docker-powered PaaS. Prior to 0.38.2, the app name validation regex (^[a-z0-9][^/:_A-Z]*$) permits shell metacharacters. When an authenticated user pushes to a git remote with a crafted app name, the name is embedded unquoted into a bash pre-receiv…
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Critical 9.8
Flowise - Unsandboxed Remote Code Execution via Custom MCP
Flowise before 3.0.6 (affected versions 2.2.7-patch.1 and earlier) contains an unsandboxed remote code execution vulnerability in the Custom MCP feature, which is designed to execute OS commands such as launching local MCP servers. Because Flowise's authentic…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2026-54088 Public exploit
File Browser: Command Injection via Authentication Hook Shell Substitution (Pre-Authentication RCE)
File Browser is a file managing interface for uploading, deleting, previewing, renaming, and editing files within a specified directory. Prior to 2.63.6, the Hook Authentication feature in File Browser allows administrators to delegate login verification to a…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-39938 Public exploit
Cacti: Unauthenticated RCE on Graph Image
Cacti is an open source performance and fault management framework. Versions 1.2.30 and prior have unauthenticated LFI through graph_theme and rrdtool IPC serialization hardening. This issue has been resolved in version 1.2.31.
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Critical 9.8
Rclone: Unauthenticated command execution in `rclone rcd --rc-serve` via inline remote instantiation, bypassing CVE-2026-41179 fix
Rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. From 1.46.0 until 1.74.3, rclone rcd --rc-serve accepts unauthenticated GET and HEAD requests to paths of the form: /[remote:path]/object. The remote…
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Critical 10.0
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Gemini CLI CI/CD Workflows
Improper Neutralization used in an OS Command in the container launcher in Google Gemini CLI (versions prior to 0.39.1) and run-gemini-cli GitHub Action (versions prior to 0.1.22) on headless CI platforms allows an unprivileged attacker to achieve pre-sandbox…
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Critical 9.1
GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E libNetSetObj.so OS command injection vulnerability
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability. `…
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Critical 9.1
GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E libNetSetObj.so OS command injection vulnerability
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability. `…
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Critical 9.1
GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E libNetSetObj.so OS command injection vulnerability
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability. `…
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Critical 9.1
GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E libNetSetObj.so OS command injection vulnerability
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability. `…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-56274 Public exploit
Flowise - Remote Code Execution via MCP Security Bypass in validateCommandFlags and validateArgsForLocalFileAccess
Flowise before 3.1.2 contains multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities in the Custom MCP Server feature due to incomplete command-flag validation and a regex bypass in local file access restrictions. An attacker with a Flowise account of any role, or API…
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Critical 9.1
OS Command Injection in the btool Configuration Helper in Splunk AI Toolkit
In Splunk AI Toolkit versions below 5.7.4, a user who holds the "admin" Splunk role could execute arbitrary OS commands on the host running the Splunk Enterprise instance. The vulnerability is possible because of an unsafe shell execution pattern in the btool…
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Critical 9.6
OpenHuman desktop agent shell tool sandbox bypass leads to arbitrary command execution
The shell tool command allowlist in the SecurityPolicy of OpenHuman desktop agent through 0.54.0 (default Supervised security policy) can be bypassed to execute arbitrary OS commands with the privileges of the desktop user.
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Critical 9.1
OS Commands Executed with Administrative Permissions in Radiflow iSAP Smart Collector
The device has a webserver that exposes a REST API authenticated with a token on the management network. By exploiting an OS command injection vulnerability an authenticated attacker can send arbitrary commands to the device that are executed with administrat…
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Critical 9.8
Core Privileged Access Manager (BoKS) autoregistration service command injection vulnerability
Fortra's Core Privileged Access Manager (BoKS) contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the boks_autoregisterd service. A remote attacker with network access to the service may be able to cause commands to be executed with the privileges of the serv…
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Critical 9.8
Tenda 5G03 V05.03.02.04 (Version 1.0) is vulnerable to Command injection in the function action_radio_on_with_ia_apn vi…
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Critical 9.8
Tenda 5G03 V05.03.02.04 (Version 1.0) is vulnerable to Command injection in the function action_ims_on_with_apn via the…
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Critical 9.8
Tenda 5G03 V05.03.02.04 (Version 1.0) is vulnerable to Command injection in the function action_dial_call via the dialN…
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Critical 9.8
Tenda 5G03 V05.03.02.04 (Version 1.0) is vulnerable to Command injection in the function action_unlock_sim via the pin …
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Critical 9.8
Tenda 5G03 V05.03.02.04 (Version 1.0) is vulnerable to Command injection in the function action_set_rat_mode via the ra…
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Critical 9.8
Tenda 5G03 V05.03.02.04 (Version 1.0) is vulnerable to Command injection in the function action_set_volume via the volu…
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Critical 9.8
GD versions before 2.86 for Perl allow OS command injection and file overwrite via a 2-arg open() of filename arguments in _make_filehandle
GD versions before 2.86 for Perl allow OS command injection and file overwrite via a 2-arg open() of filename arguments in _make_filehandle. GD::Image::_make_filehandle opens a filename argument with Perl's 2-arg open(), so a filename that begins or ends with…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-46716 Public exploit
Nezha Monitoring: RoleMember can run shell on every server (cross-tenant RCE) via POST /api/v1/cron
Nezha Monitoring is a self-hostable, lightweight, servers and websites monitoring and O&M tool. From version 1.4.0 to before version 2.0.8, a RoleMember user can create a scheduled cron task with Cover=CronCoverAll, Servers=[] and an arbitrary Command. At eve…
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Critical 9.8
ClipBucket: Remote Play URL Command Injection
ClipBucket v5 is an open source video sharing platform. Prior to version 5.5.3 - #140, ClipBucket's Remote Play feature allows any authenticated user to add a video by importing an external URL as the source. Some shell commands are run with the URL as a para…
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Critical 10.0
MariaDB server has unsafe parameter handling in `wsrep_notify_cmd`
MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. Versions 10.6.1 through 10.6.26, 10.11.1 through 10.11.17, 11.4.1 through 11.4.11, 11.8.1 through 11.8.7, and 12.3.1 with `wsrep_notify_cmd` enabled would execute shell commands embedded in the nam…
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Critical 9.9
Roxy-WI: Authenticated RCE on every managed HAProxy load balancer via `option` field config injection in section save
Roxy-WI is a web interface for managing Haproxy, Nginx, Apache and Keepalived servers. In versions 8.2.6.4 and prior, the HAProxy section-save endpoints (POST /api/service/haproxy/<server_id>/section/<section_type> and the PUT / global / defaults variants) ac…
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Critical 9.9
Roxy-WI: Authenticated arbitrary file write on every managed load balancer (and downstream RCE) via WAF rule save `config_file_name`
Roxy-WI is a web interface for managing Haproxy, Nginx, Apache and Keepalived servers. In versions 8.2.6.4 and prior, POST /waf/<service>/<server_ip>/rule/<rule_id>/save accepts a config_file_name form field that is passed straight through to config_mod.maste…
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Critical 9.1
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet …
KEV Jul 16, 2026 -
Critical 10.0
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ivanti Sentry before the R10.5.2, R10.6.2 and R10.7.1 versions allows a remote…
KEV Jun 11, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
DedeCMS V5.7.118 is vulnerable to Command Execution in file_manage_control.php.
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Critical 9.3
Open XDMoD Vulnerable to Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) via OS Command Injection
OpenXDMoD is an open framework for collecting and analyzing HPC metrics. Starting in version 9.5.0 and prior to version 11.0.3, an attacker can remotely execute arbitrary system commands on the web server hosting Open XDMoD with the privileges of the web serv…
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Critical 9.4
Authenticated Remote Code Execution via File Overwrite
HAX CMS helps manage microsite universe with PHP or NodeJs backends. The PHP version of HAX CMS prior to version 26.0.0 has an authenticated file overwrite vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to configure malicious Git filter commands an…
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Critical 9.0
Termix Vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Execution in File Manager
Termix is a web-based server management platform with SSH terminal, tunneling, and file editing capabilities. Prior to version 2.3.2, the GET /ssh/file_manager/ssh/resolvePath endpoint in the Termix File Manager component unsafely processes the path parameter…
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Critical 9.8
Termix Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via SSH Tunnel Forward Command Injection
Termix is a web-based server management platform with SSH terminal, tunneling, and file editing capabilities. The `POST /ssh/tunnel/connect` endpoint in Termix prior to version 2.3.2 builds an SSH tunnel command by interpolating user-controlled host record fi…
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Critical 9.9
Termix has an OS Command Injection in File Manager resolvePath endpoint
Termix is a web-based server management platform with SSH terminal, tunneling, and file editing capabilities. Prior to version 2.3.2, the GET /ssh/file_manager/ssh/resolvePath endpoint in Termix is vulnerable to OS command injection. The endpoint uses double-…
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Critical 9.4
Missing Per-Instruction Authorization Checks
The system fails to evaluate instructional permissions over multiple internal operation codes (opcodes), permitting unauthorized application installations or command executions.