Weakness (CWE)
CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-829
208 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.5
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below is vulnerable to CSRF on prepare_remote_upgrade() leading to one-request RCE via package overwrite
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below does not validate a CSRF token before processing requests to /dashboard/extend/update/prepare_remote_upgrade/<remoteMPID>. An attacker who controls the remote package returned for a known marketplace item ID can overwrite the pack…
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High 8.5
Metasploit Pro on Windows: Local Privilege Escalation via OpenSSL Configuration File Loading
Rapid7 Metasploit Pro is vulnerable to a local privilege escalation attack that allows a user to gain SYSTEM level control of a Windows host. When started the metasploitPostgreSQL service would start the postgres.exe child process which would in turn load an …
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High 7.3
OpenClaw < 2026.4.20 - Arbitrary Code Execution via MCP stdio Environment Variables
OpenClaw before 2026.4.20 contains an improper environment variable validation vulnerability in MCP stdio server configuration that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code. Malicious workspace configurations can pass dangerous startup variables like NODE_O…
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High 8.4
electerm: Path traversal in electerm runWidget leads to arbitrary code execution
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. Prior to version 3.7.16, the runWidget function in src/app/widgets/load-widget.js constructs a file path by directly concatenating user‑supplied widget identifiers witho…
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High 8.8
OpenClaw < 2026.4.10 - Untrusted Workspace Plugin Shadow Resolution in Channel Setup
OpenClaw before 2026.4.10 contains a plugin trust bypass vulnerability that allows channel setup catalog lookups to resolve workspace plugin shadows before bundled channel plugins. Attackers can exploit this by crafting malicious workspace plugins that bypass…
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High 8.8
OpenClaw < 2026.4.9 - Untrusted Provider Plugin Auto-enablement via Workspace Provider Auth
OpenClaw before 2026.4.9 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability allowing untrusted workspace plugins to be auto-enabled during non-interactive onboarding when provider auth choices are shadowed. Attackers can exploit this by crafting malicious worksp…
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High 8.0
OpenStack Ironic Python Agent Includes Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
An issue was discovered in OpenStack ironic-python-agent 1.0.0 through 11.5.0. Ironic Python Agent (IPA) sometimes executes grub-install from within a chroot of the deployed partition image, leading to code execution in the case of a malicious image.
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High 7.8
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Environment Variable Override of Plugin Trust Root
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 allows workspace .env files to override the OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGINS_DIR environment variable, compromising plugin trust verification. Attackers with control over workspace configuration can inject malicious plugins by overriding the…
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High 7.3
OpenClaw < 2026.3.28 - Arbitrary Code Execution via Mirror Mode Sandbox File Conversion
OpenClaw before 2026.3.28 contains an arbitrary code execution vulnerability in mirror mode that converts untrusted sandbox files into workspace hooks. Attackers with mirror mode access can execute arbitrary code on the host during gateway startup by exploiti…
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High 7.8
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Arbitrary Hook Code Execution via OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_HOOKS_DIR Environment Variable Override
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 allows workspace .env files to override the OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_HOOKS_DIR environment variable, enabling loading of attacker-controlled hook code. Attackers can replace trusted default-on bundled hooks from untrusted workspaces to execu…
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High 8.8
Instructlab: instructlab: arbitrary code execution due to hardcoded `trust_remote_code=true`
A flaw was found in InstructLab. The `linux_train.py` script hardcodes `trust_remote_code=True` when loading models from HuggingFace. This allows a remote attacker to achieve arbitrary Python code execution by convincing a user to run `ilab train/download/gen…
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High 7.8
OpenClaw < 2026.4.2 - Untrusted Workspace Channel Shadow Code Execution during Built-in Channel Setup
OpenClaw before 2026.4.2 contains an improper trust boundary vulnerability allowing untrusted workspace channel shadows to execute during built-in channel setup and login. Attackers can clone a workspace with a malicious plugin claiming a bundled channel id t…
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High 8.5
Local Privilege Escalation via OpenSSL configuration file in Insight Agent
The Rapid7 Insight Agent (versions > 4.1.0.2) is vulnerable to a local privilege escalation attack that allows users to gain SYSTEM level control of a Windows host. Upon startup the agent service attempts to load an OpenSSL configuration file from a non-exist…
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High 7.8
PraisonAI Affected by Implicit Execution of Arbitrary Code via Automatic `tools.py` Loading
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI automatically loads a file named tools.py from the current working directory to discover and register custom agent tools. This loading process uses importlib.util.spec_from_file_location and…
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High 8.5
Security Vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Verify Identity Access Container 11.0 through 11.0.2 and IBM Security Verify Access Container 10.0 through 10.0.9.1 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.2 and IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.1 could allow a locally authenticated…
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High 8.4
OpenClaw < 2026.3.12 - Arbitrary Code Execution via Auto-Discovery of Workspace Plugins
OpenClaw before 2026.3.12 automatically discovers and loads plugins from .OpenClaw/extensions/ without explicit trust verification, allowing arbitrary code execution. Attackers can execute malicious code by including crafted workspace plugins in cloned reposi…
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High 7.8
Elevation of Privileges in Symantec Data Loss Prevention Windows Endpoint
Symantec Data Loss Prevention Windows Endpoint, prior to 25.1 MP1, 16.1 MP2, 16.0 RU2 HF9, 16.0 RU1 MP1 HF12, and 16.0 MP2 HF15, may be susceptible to a Elevation of Privilege vulnerability, which is a type of issue whereby an attacker may attempt to compromi…
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High 8.6
ONNX Untrusted Model Repository Warnings Suppressed by silent=True in onnx.hub.load() — Silent Supply-Chain Attack
Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) is an open standard for machine learning interoperability. In versions up to and including 1.20.1, a security control bypass exists in onnx.hub.load() due to improper logic in the repository trust verification mechanism. Wh…
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High 7.8
Arbitrary code execution via crafted project files in Kiro IDE
Improper trust boundary enforcement in Kiro IDE before version 0.8.0 on all supported platforms might allow a remote unauthenticated threat actor to execute arbitrary code via maliciously crafted project directory files that bypass workspace trust protections…
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High 8.4CVE-2026-4255 Public exploit
DLL Injection Privilege Escalation
A DLL search order hijacking vulnerability in Thermalright TR-VISION HOME on Windows (64-bit) allows a local attacker to escalate privileges via DLL side-loading. The application loads certain dynamic-link library (DLL) dependencies using the default Windows …
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High 8.2
WordPress Royal Elementor Addons plugin <= 1.7.1052 - Other vulnerability Type vulnerability
Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere vulnerability in WP Royal Royal Elementor Addons royal-elementor-addons allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Royal Elementor Addons: from n/a through <= 1.7…
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High 7.4CVE-2026-28372 Public exploit
telnetd in GNU inetutils through 2.7 allows privilege escalation that can be exploited by abusing systemd service crede…
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High 8.3
CleverTap Web SDK is vulnerable to DOM-based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via window.postMessage
CleverTap Web SDK version 1.15.2 and earlier is vulnerable to DOM-based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via window.postMessage in the Visual Builder module. The origin validation in src/modules/visualBuilder/pageBuilder.js (lines 56-60) uses the includes() method …
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High 8.8
ADB-Explorer: UNC Path Support in ManualAdbPath Leads to Remote Code Execution (RCE)
ADB Explorer is a fluent UI for ADB on Windows. In versions prior to Beta 0.9.26022, ADB-Explorer allows the `ManualAdbPath` settings variable, which determines the path of the ADB binary to be executed, to be set to a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path i…
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High 7.6
Sylde has Improper Control of Generation of Code
Slyde is a program that creates animated presentations from XML. In versions 0.0.4 and below, Node.js automatically imports **/*.plugin.{js,mjs} files including those from node_modules, so any malicious package with a .plugin.js file can execute arbitrary cod…
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High 7.8
ADB Explorer Vulnerable to RCE via Insufficient Input Validation
ADB Explorer is a fluent UI for ADB on Windows. Versions 0.9.26020 and below fail to validate the integrity or authenticity of the ADB binary path specified in the ManualAdbPath setting before executing it, allowing arbitrary code execution with the privilege…
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High 7.8
vscode-spell-checker has a workspace-trust bypass Code Execution
vscode-spell-checker is a basic spell checker that works well with code and documents. Prior to v4.5.4, DocumentSettings._determineIsTrusted treats the configuration value cSpell.trustedWorkspace as the authoritative trust flag. The value defaults to true (pa…
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High 8.6
Gradle's failure to disable repositories failing to answer can expose builds to malicious artifacts
Gradle is a build automation tool, and its native-platform tool provides Java bindings for native APIs. When resolving dependencies in versions before 9.3.0, some exceptions were not treated as fatal errors and would not cause a repository to be disabled. If …
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High 8.6
Gradle fails to disable repositories which can expose builds to malicious artifacts
Gradle is a build automation tool, and its native-platform tool provides Java bindings for native APIs. When resolving dependencies in versions before 9.3.0, some exceptions were not treated as fatal errors and would not cause a repository to be disabled. If …
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High 7.5
UmbracoForms Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Untrusted WSDL Compilation in Dynamic SOAP Client Generation
In Umbraco UmbracoForms through 8.13.16, an authenticated attacker can supply a malicious WSDL (aka Webservice) URL as a data source for remote code execution.
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High 7.5
FIBARO System Home Center 5.021 Remote File Inclusion via Proxy API
FIBARO System Home Center 5.021 contains a remote file inclusion vulnerability in the undocumented proxy API that allows attackers to include arbitrary client-side scripts. Attackers can exploit the 'url' GET parameter to inject malicious JavaScript and poten…
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High 8.1
NXLog Agent before 6.11 can load a file specified by the OPENSSL_CONF environment variable.
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High 7.8
The GC-AGENTS-SERVICE running as part of Akamai´s Guardicore Platform Agent for Windows versions prior to v49.20.1, v50…
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High 7.3
NVIDIA NeMo framework contains a vulnerability in a predefined variable, where an attacker could cause inclusion of fun…
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High 8.8
A vulnerability has been identified in Spectrum Power 4 (All versions < V4.70 SP12 Update 2). The affected application …
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High 7.3
Open WebUI Affected by an External Model Server (Direct Connections) Code Injection via SSE Events
Open WebUI is a self-hosted artificial intelligence platform designed to operate entirely offline. Versions 0.6.224 and prior contain a code injection vulnerability in the Direct Connections feature that allows malicious external model servers to execute arbi…
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High 8.4
Scripts for the module Global_Shipping executable on BRAIN2 Server
On a client with an admin user, a Global_Shipping script can be implemented. The script could later be executed on the BRAIN2 server with administrator rights.
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High 8.8CVE-2025-62726 Public exploit
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Git Node Pre-Commit Hook
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.113.0, a remote code execution vulnerability exists in the Git Node component available in both Cloud and Self-Hosted versions of n8n. When a malicious actor clones a remote repository containing …
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High 7.8
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in the git functionality of Truffle Security Co. TruffleHog 3.90.2. A …
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High 8.5
IBM Security Verify Access code execution
IBM Security Verify Access and IBM Security Verify Access Docker 10.0.0.0 through 10.0.9.0 and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.1.0 could allow a locally authenticated user to execute malicious scripts from outside of its control sphere.