Weakness (CWE)
CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-829
347 results · Feed
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High 7.8
Functype: MCP set_functype_version Package Alias RCE via Unsanitized pnpm install + Dynamic Import
Functype is a family of TypeScript functional programming libraries. Prior to 1.4.4, the `set_functype_version` MCP tool in `functype-mcp-server` accepts an unconstrained `version` string using only `z.string()` validation in `packages/mcp-server/src/index.ts…
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High 7.8
Joker linter executed project-local .jokerd/linter.* files during linting
Joker is a small Clojure interpreter, linter and formatter written in Go. Prior to 1.8.2, `joker --lint <file>` walks upward from the linted file to locate a `.jokerd/` directory and executes matching `linter.*` files before linting. Those files contain execu…
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Medium 5.7
RSS feed could redirect its subscription to a local file or network share
A remote RSS feed could use the itunes:new-feed-url or newLocation element to permanently change its stored subscription URL to a file: URL. Thunderbird then read that location on every feed update. This allowed a malicious feed, or an attacker able to modify…
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Medium 6.5
Displaying a message could load an attacker-chosen URL through an OpenPGP key attachment
When a message containing an OpenPGP key attachment was displayed, Thunderbird automatically loaded the attachment's content to offer importing the key. A sender could mark the attachment as an external attachment pointing to an arbitrary URL, which Thunderbi…
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High 8.4
NVIDIA TensorRT-LLM for any platform contains a vulnerability in KvCacheAwareRouter tokenizer loading, where an attacke…
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High 8.8
Mistral Vibe before 3.0.3 RCE via Git Filter Drivers in Worktree Mode
Mistral Vibe before 3.0.3 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to run commands by defining git filter drivers in an untrusted repository's .git/config. When started with --worktree, git worktree add applies .gitattributes and r…
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Medium 4.3
InternScience InternAgent LoRA Loading experiment.py train inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere
A weakness has been identified in InternScience InternAgent 1.5.0. This affects the function train of the file tasks/AutoChem/code/experiment.py of the component LoRA Loading. This manipulation of the argument base_model_name_or_path causes inclusion of funct…
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Medium 6.9
CloudPirates Open Source Helm Charts: pull_request_target workflow vulnerable to cache poisoning and OIDC token theft
CloudPirates Open Source Helm Charts is a collection of Helm charts. Prior to commit 271d415, pull_request_target workflow is vulnerable to cache poisoning and OIDC token theft. A pull_request_target workflow checks out fork code using github.event.pull_reque…
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High 8.3
Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.20 and 1.7.x before 1.7.5 passes potentially unsafe content into ImageMagick when resizing…
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Medium 5.2
mk-oracle: Local privilege escalation via insecure Oracle Home library loading
Local privilege escalation in Checkmk 2.5.0p14 allows a local user with write access to the Oracle client library directory of an Oracle home listed in the 'oratab' file or to the 'oratab' file itself to execute code as root if an agent has the 'mk-oracle' pl…
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High 8.1
vLLM 0.7.3 before 0.31.0 RCE via mm_processor_kwargs.code_revision
vLLM from 0.7.3 before 0.31.0 forwards the request-supplied mm_processor_kwargs.code_revision to Transformers AutoProcessor.from_pretrained, letting clients select which revision of a model's dynamic processor code is imported when trust_remote_code is enable…
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Critical 9.9
Argo CD: A Kustomize Helm config home can run commands in the repo-server
Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. From 2.1.0 until 3.3.15, 3.4.10, 3.5.4, and 3.6.0-rc2, when an operator has enabled --enable-helm for kustomize build, helmGlobals.configHome can point Helm's config and data directorie…
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High 8.8
This issue was addressed by enforcing library validation on the affected binaries. This issue is fixed in Xcode 27. A m…
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High 7.0CVE-2026-111357 Exploited
Ivanti Connect Secure 22.8R2.4 mishandles the manner in which the dsinvoked broker trusts DSCache configuration data, l…
KEV Oct 30, 2026 -
High 7.8
In JetBrains Junie CLI before 26.8.3 code execution was possible via an untrusted project's MCP server configuration
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High 8.8
Gitea reusable workflow secret exposure in pull_request_target
Gitea resolves local reusable workflow files from a fork's head commit when a trusted base-branch workflow runs for a pull_request_target event. A fork author can modify a referenced reusable workflow so attacker-controlled code executes with the repository a…
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High 7.5
Claude Code: Plugin Hash Pin Bypass Allows Bypass of Hash Pinning
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to 2.1.179, the Claude Code and Claude Desktop plugin installation flow runs git checkout for a marketplace-pinned commit without verifying that the resulting HEAD equals the pinned 40-character SHA. An attacker wh…
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High 7.5
.NET Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 7.8
Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
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High 7.2
Microsoft Office SharePoint Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 7.0
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere in Windows Common Log File System Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
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Critical 10.0
Salty documentation workflow executes fork-controlled Python build hooks with deployment secrets
The Salty documentation repository builds and deploys the docs.saltbox.dev website. Prior to commit 649c9aea2daef1168eeb0415b44e65dbbde9f220, .github/workflows/trigger-pr-build.yml records an untrusted fork commit in the pr_info artifact, and the secret-beari…
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High 7.1
omarchy-theme-set in Omarchy 4 before 4.0.1 allows code execution via a third-party theme because the files placed into…
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High 7.8
Aegisub executes arbitrary code through automatically loaded Automation scripts
Aegisub is a cross-platform advanced subtitle editor. From 3.2.0 to 3.4.2, Aegisub automatically loads Automation scripts referenced by `Automation Scripts` metadata in `ASS` subtitle projects without asking whether the user trusts the scripts or their author…
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High 7.5
Dell Secure Connect Gateway (SCG) Policy Manager, versions prior to 5.34.00.16, contains an Inclusion of Functionality …
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Medium 5.2
mk-oracle: Local privilege escalation via malicious Oracle Instant Client
Local privilege escalation in Checkmk 2.5.0 before 2.5.0p10 allows a user with access to edit the Oracle Instant Client referenced by the agent plugin 'mk-oracle' to escalate their privileges if an agent has this plugin enabled.
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Medium 6.7
Docling: Plugin entry points are imported before the allow_external_plugins check
Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.27.0 until 2.131.0, Docling plugin factories in docling/models/factories/base_factory.py call load_setuptools_entrypoints() b…
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High 7.2
Ghost: Remote Code Execution via Theme Translation Files
Ghost is a Node.js content management system. From 6.10.3 until 6.64.0, a vulnerability in how Ghost loads theme translation files allowed an authenticated Administrator to execute arbitrary code on the server via a crafted theme. This issue is fixed in versi…
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High 7.8
auto-changelog: code execution via untrusted in-repository configuration (handlebarsSetup/plugins), plus argument injection, path traversal, and SSRF
auto-changelog before 2.6.1 merges configuration from inside the target repository (the .auto-changelog file and the auto-changelog key in package.json) into its options, and honors security-sensitive options from that untrusted source. The handlebarsSetup op…
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High 8.5CVE-2026-63277 Public exploit
RCE via calcext:data-mappings, sql provider and jdbc connector
LibreOffice Calc can link a cell range to an external data source, and the link is saved in the document. A document could name a Java database driver for such a link to be loaded from a remote location, so opening the document could run Java code from that l…
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High 8.4
Mitel MiVoice Office 400 Music on Hold WAV File Upload Code Execution
DigitalCanion SA has discovered a vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of the product. Authentication may be required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Configuration → …
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High 8.4
Mitel MiVoice Office 400 Shared Object Hijacking Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution
DigitalCanion has discovered a vulnerability that allows an attacker to cause the system to load an attacker-controlled .so file instead of the expected legitimate module. The loading mechanism relies on a predictable module name without adequately verifying …
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-105080 Public exploit
In ConvertX before 0.19.0, converters/calibre.ts does not block recipe files, and instead passes them to the ebook-conv…
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High 7.2
Ghost from 6.10.3 before 6.64.0 RCE via Theme Translation Files
Ghost from 6.10.3 before 6.64.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated administrators to run code by abusing theme translation file loading. Attackers with administrator access can upload a crafted theme containing malicious …
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Medium 6.5
NetBox Device Type Library: Arbitrary Code Execution on CI Runner Through Malicious requirements.txt, .pre-commit-hooks-config.yaml, and .gitmodules Files
NetBox Device Type Library is a collection of community-sourced device type definitions for import into NetBox. Prior to commit f41fc1e, the CI workflow .github/workflows/validation.yml runs on pull_request and executes code supplied by the pull request befor…
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Critical 9.8
CVE-2026-104056
Authlib version 1.7.2 and below contains a vulnerability where discovery JSON metadata is cached without validation or issuer-origin binding. This allows a poisoned discovery response to replace all endpoint values with attacker-controlled values rather than …
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High 7.8
In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2026.2.3 rCE via Structural Search script constraints was possible in untrusted proje…
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High 7.2
When converting baserCMS4-style addons to baserCMS5-style ones, BcAddonMigrator includes "config.php" from the addon, w…
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Critical 9.2
Fireware OS Code Injection in BOVPN Over TLS Client Allows Remote Code Execution
A code injection vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS's BOVPN Over TLS client configuration handling allows an attacker who controls the remote VPN server to execute arbitrary commands as root on the connecting Firebox.
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High 7.1
Kube-compare: container:// reference extraction runs the image entrypoint and silently escalates to sudo
A flaw was found in kube-compare. When processing a 'container://' reference path, the tool incorrectly executes an untrusted container image's entrypoint instead of merely extracting data from a stopped container. This allows a remote attacker to achieve arb…