Weakness (CWE)
CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-829
347 results · Feed
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Medium 6.1
Sony BRAVIA Digital Signage 1.7.8 Unauthenticated Remote File Inclusion
Sony BRAVIA Digital Signage 1.7.8 contains a remote file inclusion vulnerability that allows attackers to inject arbitrary client-side scripts through the content material URL parameter. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to hijack user sessions, execut…
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High 7.5
FIBARO System Home Center 5.021 Remote File Inclusion via Proxy API
FIBARO System Home Center 5.021 contains a remote file inclusion vulnerability in the undocumented proxy API that allows attackers to include arbitrary client-side scripts. Attackers can exploit the 'url' GET parameter to inject malicious JavaScript and poten…
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Medium 6.7
theshit vulnerable to unsafe loading of user-owned Python rules when running as root.
theshit is a command-line utility that automatically detects and fixes common mistakes in shell commands. Prior to version 0.1.1, the application loads custom Python rules and configuration files from user-writable locations (e.g., `~/.config/theshit/`) witho…
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Medium 6.4
The Static Asset API in Mintlify Platform before 2025-11-15 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or H…
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Low 2.7
In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.11 maven embedder allowed loading extensions via project configuration
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High 8.1
NXLog Agent before 6.11 can load a file specified by the OPENSSL_CONF environment variable.
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-65964 Public exploit
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Git Node Custom Pre-Commit Hook
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions 0.123.1 through 1.119.1 do not have adequate protections to prevent RCE through the project's pre-commit hooks. The Add Config operation allows workflows to set arbitrary Git configuration values, i…
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High 7.8
The GC-AGENTS-SERVICE running as part of Akamai´s Guardicore Platform Agent for Windows versions prior to v49.20.1, v50…
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Critical 9.7
FACTION Unauthenticated Custom Extension Upload leads to RCE
FACTION is a PenTesting Report Generation and Collaboration Framework. Prior to version 1.7.1, an extension execution path in Faction’s extension framework permits untrusted extension code to execute arbitrary system commands on the server when a lifecycle ho…
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High 7.3
NVIDIA NeMo framework contains a vulnerability in a predefined variable, where an attacker could cause inclusion of fun…
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High 8.8
A vulnerability has been identified in Spectrum Power 4 (All versions < V4.70 SP12 Update 2). The affected application …
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High 7.3
Open WebUI Affected by an External Model Server (Direct Connections) Code Injection via SSE Events
Open WebUI is a self-hosted artificial intelligence platform designed to operate entirely offline. Versions 0.6.224 and prior contain a code injection vulnerability in the Direct Connections feature that allows malicious external model servers to execute arbi…
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High 8.4
Scripts for the module Global_Shipping executable on BRAIN2 Server
On a client with an admin user, a Global_Shipping script can be implemented. The script could later be executed on the BRAIN2 server with administrator rights.
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High 8.8CVE-2025-62726 Public exploit
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Git Node Pre-Commit Hook
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.113.0, a remote code execution vulnerability exists in the Git Node component available in both Cloud and Self-Hosted versions of n8n. When a malicious actor clones a remote repository containing …
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Critical 9.8
Local File Inclusion in ArkSigner's AcBakImzala
Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere, Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ArkSigner Software and Hardware Inc. AcBakImzala allows PHP Local File Inclusion…
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High 7.8
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in the git functionality of Truffle Security Co. TruffleHog 3.90.2. A …
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Low 3.1
HCL MyXalytics is affected by a Cross-Domain Script Include vulnerability.
Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere vulnerability in HCL MyXalytics. v6.6 allows Loading third-party scripts without integrity checks or validation can allow external code run in the application's context, risking data exposure.
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Medium 6.7
Ankitects Anki before 25.02.5 allows a crafted shared deck on Windows to execute arbitrary commands when playing audio …
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High 8.5
IBM Security Verify Access code execution
IBM Security Verify Access and IBM Security Verify Access Docker 10.0.0.0 through 10.0.9.0 and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.1.0 could allow a locally authenticated user to execute malicious scripts from outside of its control sphere.
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High 8.8
Cursor CLI: Arbitrary Code Execution Possible through Permissive CLI Config
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions 1.7 and below, automatic loading of project-specific CLI configuration from the current working directory (<project>/.cursor/cli.json) could override certain global configurations in Cursor CL…
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High 7.7
Claude Code Vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution via Plugin Autoloading with Specific Yarn Versions
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to Claude Code version 1.0.39, when using Claude Code with Yarn versions 2.0+, Yarn plugins are auto-executed when running yarn --version. This could lead to a bypass of the directory trust dialog in Claude Code, a…
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Medium 6.5
DotNetNuke.Core allows loading of unused themes on anonymous clients through query parameters
DNN (formerly DotNetNuke) is an open-source web content management platform (CMS) in the Microsoft ecosystem. Prior to version 10.1.0, arbitrary themes can be loaded through query parameters. If an installed theme had a vulnerability, even if it was not used …
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Medium 6.1
Electron is vulnerable to Code Injection via resource modification
Electron is a framework for writing cross-platform desktop applications using JavaScript, HTML and CSS. In versions below 35.7.5, 36.0.0-alpha.1 through 36.8.0, 37.0.0-alpha.1 through 37.3.1 and 38.0.0-alpha.1 through 38.0.0-beta.6, ASAR Integrity Bypass via …
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Medium 6.5
In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2025.2 unexpected plugin startup was possible due to automatic LSP server start
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High 8.8CVE-2025-8714 Public exploit
PostgreSQL pg_dump lets superuser of origin server execute arbitrary code in psql client
Untrusted data inclusion in pg_dump in PostgreSQL allows a malicious superuser of the origin server to inject arbitrary code for restore-time execution as the client operating system account running psql to restore the dump, via psql meta-commands. pg_dumpall…
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High 8.6CVE-2025-54135 Public exploit
Cursor Agent is vulnerable to prompt injection via MCP Special Files
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. Cursor allows writing in-workspace files with no user approval in versions below 1.3.9, If the file is a dotfile, editing it requires approval but creating a new one doesn't. Hence, if sensitive MCP files…
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High 8.3
SimpleHelp Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere
Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere vulnerability in Simplehelp.This issue affects Simplehelp: before 5.5.12.
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Medium 4.1
OpenAI Codex CLI before 0.9.0 auto-approves ripgrep (aka rg) execution even with the --pre or --hostname-bin or --searc…
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High 7.6
The Secure Password extension in One Identity Password Manager before 5.14.4 allows local privilege escalation. The iss…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2025-53546 Public exploit
Folo allows secrets exfiltration via `pull_request_target`
Folo organizes feeds content into one timeline. Using pull_request_target on .github/workflows/auto-fix-lint-format-commit.yml can be exploited by attackers, since untrusted code can be executed having full access to secrets (from the base repo). By exploitin…
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High 7.8
mtr through 0.95, in certain privileged contexts, mishandles execution of a program specified by the MTR_PACKET environ…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-34074 Public exploit
Lucee Admin Interface Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Scheduled Job File Write
An authenticated remote code execution vulnerability exists in Lucee’s administrative interface due to insecure design in the scheduled task functionality. An administrator with access to /lucee/admin/web.cfm can configure a scheduled job to retrieve a remote…
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Critical 10.0
Monero Forum Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary File Read and Cookie Forgery
A PHP objection injection vulnerability exists in the Monero Project’s Laravel-based forum software due to unsafe handling of untrusted input in the /get/image/ endpoint. The application passes a user-supplied link parameter directly to file_get_contents() wi…
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Critical 9.3
Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directo…
KEV Sep 29, 2025 -
Critical 9.4
Build Cache Poisoning via Untrusted Pull Requests
A critical security vulnerability exists in remote cache extensions for common build systems utilizing bucket-based remote cache (such as those using Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or similar object storage) that allows any contributor with pull request pri…
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Medium 4.4
Elastic Agent Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Inclusion of functionality from an untrusted control sphere in Elastic Agent subprocess, osqueryd, allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code via parameter injection. An attacker requires local access and the ability to modify osqueryd configurations.
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High 8.8
Cisco Webex App Client-Side Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the custom URL parser of Cisco Webex App could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to persuade a user to download arbitrary files, which could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the host of the targeted user. This vul…
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High 8.5
Privilege escalation in B&R APROL
An Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere vulnerability in the SSH server on B&R APROL <4.4-00P1 may allow an authenticated local attacker from a trusted remote server to execute malicious commands.
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High 8.8
Remote Code Execution in kedro-org/kedro
In kedro-org/kedro version 0.19.8, the `pull_package()` API function allows users to download and extract micro packages from the Internet. However, the function `project_wheel_metadata()` within the code path can execute the `setup.py` file inside the tar fi…
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High 8.8CVE-2025-27607 Public exploit
Python JSON Logger has a Potential RCE via missing `msgspec-python313-pre` dependency
Python JSON Logger is a JSON Formatter for Python Logging. Between 30 December 2024 and 4 March 2025 Python JSON Logger was vulnerable to RCE through a missing dependency. This occurred because msgspec-python313-pre was deleted by the owner leaving the name o…