Weakness (CWE)
CWE-88: Argument Injection
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component
in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the
intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Implementation
Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.
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Architecture and Design
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
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Implementation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
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Implementation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
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Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Source: MITRE CWE-88
214 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.5
In JetBrains Datalore before 2026.4 notebook code could execute commands in the sidecar container via the mount broker
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High 8.0
Codex Desktop for Windows does not correctly check quotation marks in project paths from Windows Explorer. If a user se…
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High 8.8
ntopng: authenticated (non-admin) OS command injection via the vulnerability-scan `scan_ports` parameter (`nmap` argument reaches `popen`)
ntopng is a web-based network traffic monitoring application. Prior to 6.7.260717, scripts/lua/rest/v2/add/host/to_scan.lua and scripts/lua/rest/v2/exec/host/schedule_vulnerability_scan.lua accept scan_ports from any authenticated session, including non-admin…
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High 8.7CVE-2026-123014 Public exploit
iTerm2 before 3.7.7beta2 has an argument injection vulnerability in the x-man-page: URL handler, allowing an attacker t…
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High 8.7
Dream Displays has command-line argument injection in yt-dlp invocation
Dream Displays provides in-game screens for streaming videos in Minecraft. From 1.5.0 until 1.8.2, user-controlled input can influence arguments passed to `yt-dlp` under specific conditions. Unintended command-line options may be interpreted by `yt-dlp`, pote…
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High 7.2
Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions prior to 4.8.0, contains an Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Co…
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High 7.3
Nx: OS command injection via nx.json plugin options in @nx/maven and @nx/gradle
Nx is a monorepo solution for TypeScript and polyglot codebases. From 22.0.2 until 22.7.9 and 23.1.2 for @nx/maven, and from 21.0.0 until 22.7.9 and 23.1.2 for @nx/gradle, the plugins' project-graph analyzers launch through a shell and interpolate plugin opti…
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High 7.8
Zimbra Collaboration Suite Local Privilege Escalation via zmmailboxdmgr JVM Argument Injection
A local privilege escalation vulnerability in the zmmailboxdmgr launcher of Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) allows the Unix zimbra account to execute arbitrary commands as root. The passwordless sudo interface accepts JVM arguments that are not adequately re…
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High 8.5
Incus 7.3.0 before 7.5.0 Project Restriction Bypass via block.create_options
Incus from 7.3.0 before 7.5.0 contains a project restriction bypass that allows restricted project users to set block.create_options through volume update, copy, and move operations. Attackers can set the option on a custom volume and trigger a copy or move o…
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High 7.8CVE-2026-104715 Public exploit
Cifs-utils: mount.cifs credential-file option injection allows local privilege boundary bypass
A flaw was found in cifs-utils. This flaw allows an unprivileged local user to achieve privilege escalation. When a privileged service mounts a Common Internet File System (CIFS) share using a user-controlled credentials file, input values are not properly sa…
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High 7.5
GitPython before 3.2.0 Arbitrary File Read via Head.checkout() Branch Name
GitPython before 3.2.0 contains an argument injection vulnerability in Head.checkout() that allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files by supplying a branch name parsed as a git option. Attackers can host a repository whose default branch is named --path…
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High 8.1
GitPython 3.1.30 before 3.2.0 Command Injection via Remote.pull() Refspec
GitPython from 3.1.30 before 3.2.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in Remote.pull() whose unsafe-option guard inspects only keyword arguments, not the positional refspec. Attackers controlling the refspec can supply --upload-pack=<command> to e…
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High 7.5
Gitea external renderer argument injection and code execution
Gitea substitutes a URL derived from the markup Context field into external renderer command templates without escaping the reference path before shell-style argument splitting. A crafted Context can inject additional renderer arguments, including options tha…
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High 7.0
VNote: Argument injection to arbitrary command execution via crafted note filename in external-program handling
VNote is a note-taking platform. Prior to 4.3.0, SessionConfig::ExternalProgram::fetchCommand wraps a note path in double quotes and substitutes it into a command string that QProcess::start(const QString&) reparses into arguments through ProcessUtils::startD…
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High 7.8CVE-2026-97798 Public exploit
Windows Error Reporting Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') in Windows Error Reporting allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
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High 8.8
databasement before 1.8.2 allows remote code execution because it runs certain commands (e.g., mariadb-dump) with a dat…
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High 7.1
SumatraPDF — Windows command-line argument injection in AI selection-translate
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.6.1 and earlier, src/SelectionTranslate.cpp embeds selected or pasted translation text in quoted Windows command lines using incomplete quote-only escaping. The affected BuildGrokTranslateCmdLineTemp(), Bu…
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High 7.1
SumatraPDF: SyncTeX Argument Injection in Inverse Search Enables Arbitrary Command Execution via External Editors
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.5.2 and earlier, an attacker-controlled SyncTeX source filename is substituted for the %f placeholder in an external editor command line without safe Windows argument quoting, and the resulting command lin…
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High 8.8
Security vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized actions due to argument injection.
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High 8.8
Security vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of command arguments.
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High 8.8
ILIAS before 9.24, 10.12, and 11.5 Argument Injection via Image Map Question Upload Filename
ILIAS before 9.24, 10.x before 10.12 and 11.x before 11.5 contains an argument injection vulnerability in assImagemapQuestionGUI that allows question authors to inject ImageMagick convert options via uploaded image filenames. Attackers can embed tab-separated…
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High 8.5
Argument injection in WP Toolkit for cPanel allows local users to execute arbitrary code as other accounts on the same …
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High 8.4
An argument injection vulnerability exists in the configuration management command-line utility of Brocade Fabric OS ve…
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High 8.5
An authorization and input validation vulnerability exists in Brocade Fabric OS versions before 9.2.2d and 10.0.0 throu…
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High 7.5
Microsoft UFO: Arbitrary code execution in `run_shell` via `explorer.exe` argument injection
Microsoft UFO is an open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. Prior to 3.0.9, the run_shell tool in the CommandLineExecutor component of ufo/client/mcp/local_servers/cli_mcp_server.py validates only the first token of the …
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High 8.8
Microsoft UFO: Authenticated Android shell command injection in Mobile MCP type_text and launch_app
Microsoft UFO is an open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. Prior to 3.0.10, the type_text and launch_app tools in ufo/client/mcp/http_servers/mobile_mcp_server.py pass the authenticated caller-controlled text and packag…
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High —
Nx: OS command injection via git revisions and remote refs
## Summary Nx core builds several `git` invocations as shell command strings with untrusted values interpolated into them, so a value that should be a git revision or ref is parsed by `/bin/sh` instead. Two entry points are reachable by an attacker: `affected…
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High 7.8
auto-changelog: code execution via untrusted in-repository configuration (handlebarsSetup/plugins), plus argument injection, path traversal, and SSRF
auto-changelog before 2.6.1 merges configuration from inside the target repository (the .auto-changelog file and the auto-changelog key in package.json) into its options, and honors security-sensitive options from that untrusted source. The handlebarsSetup op…
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High 8.2
Argument injection in the diff scan operation in AWS security-agent-mcp-server allows arbitrary host file creation, overwrite, and truncation outside the intended workspace
An argument injection issue in the diff scan operation in AWS security-agent-mcp-server before version 0.2.0 might allow context-dependent threat actors to create, overwrite, or truncate arbitrary files on the host outside the intended workspace directory via…
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High 8.1CVE-2026-102827 Public exploit
simple-git: unsafe-operations plugin bypass via git long-option abbreviation (--receive-p/--exe) -> command execution (residual of CVE-2026-28291)
simple-git, an interface for running git commands in any node.js application, enables applications to execute Git operations from JavaScript. Prior to 4.0.0, the default blockUnsafeOperationsPlugin compares parsed option names with literal dangerous option sp…
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High 8.5
Weblate: Mercurial argument injection via repository filenames allows authenticated command execution
Weblate is a web-based continuous localization platform used to manage software translations. Weblate 4.11.1 through 2026.7.1 contains an argument-injection vulnerability in its Mercurial backend. Repository filenames beginning with - could be interpreted as …
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High 7.8
OpenClaw before 2026.8.1 Remote Code Execution via CLOUDSDK_PYTHON_ARGS
OpenClaw (npm package 'openclaw') versions >= 2026.3.28 and < 2026.8.1 allow an untrusted workspace .env file to set the CLOUDSDK_PYTHON_ARGS environment variable. When an operator starts OpenClaw in attacker-controlled workspace content and then runs the Gma…
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High 8.0
OpenClaw before 2026.8.1 Authentication Bypass via Exec Wrapper
OpenClaw (npm package 'openclaw') versions >= 2026.3.22 and < 2026.8.1 contain an approval-bypass flaw in the exec approval policy: the policy could trust a command-running wrapper without inspecting the command carried in its arguments. After an operator all…
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High 8.4
CliInvoke: Argument Injection in Extensibility Runner Factory
CliInvoke and its formerly named `AlastairLundy.CliInvoke` package are .NET libraries for invoking command-line programs and wrapping executable processes. `CliInvoke` versions 2.0.0 through 2.8.4, 2.9.0 through 2.9.3, 2.10.0 through 2.10.4, and 3.0.0-alpha.1…
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High 7.8
NetworkManager-l2tp Privilege Escalation via pppd Username Injection
NetworkManager-l2tp through 1.52.4, fixed in 1.52.6, contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows local users with permission to create VPN connections to execute arbitrary code as root by injecting pppd options through a crafted VPN username. At…
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High 8.8
Privilege Escalation via Argument Injection in NetBackup Flex OS Shell
An authenticated, low-privileged user with access to the NetBackup Flex OS management shell could supply a specially crafted input to a privileged administrative command, causing it to execute arbitrary code with root-level permissions. Successful exploitatio…
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High 7.8
NetworkManager-l2tp Privilege Escalation via pppd Plugin Injection
NetworkManager-l2tp through 1.52.4, fixed in 1.52.6, contains an improper input validation vulnerability that allows local users with VPN connection creation permissions to inject arbitrary pppd directives by supplying mru or mtu property values containing tr…
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High 8.8
Appwrite < 2.0.0 Argument Injection via providerRootDirectory Parameter
Appwrite before 2.0.0 contains an argument injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with functions.write or sites.write permissions to execute arbitrary commands by injecting TAB characters into the providerRootDirectory parameter used to const…
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High 8.8
pgAdmin 4: Argument and connection-string injection via the database field in the Backup tool
pgAdmin 4's Backup tool appended the client-supplied 'database' field from the /backup/job/<sid>/object request to the pg_dump argument vector as a bare trailing positional argument, without validation. Because pg_dump parses its options with getopt_long, whi…
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High 7.2
Netcore NR255-V 1.5.130703 OS Command Argument Injection via Unquoted DDNS Parameters
Netcore NR255-V firmware version 1.5.130703 builds root-run command lines from unquoted user-supplied DDNS input in DDNSset_cgi.c and related ddns_Proc.c components, enabling os command argument injection. Attackers can exploit the unsanitized parameters to i…