Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
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Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
13,971 results · Feed
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High 8.8
WeGIA has SQL Injection in deletar_tag.php
WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to version 3.6.7, the file `html/socio/sistema/deletar_tag.php` uses `extract($_REQUEST)` on line 14 and directly concatenates the `$id_tag` variable into SQL queries on lines 16-17 without prepared st…
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Medium 6.3
Fleet vulnerable to SQL injection in MDM bootstrap package by authenticated team or global admin
Fleet is open source device management software. Prior to 4.81.0, a SQL injection vulnerability in Fleet's MDM bootstrap package configuration allows an authenticated user with Team Admin or Global Admin privileges to modify arbitrary team configurations, exf…
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Medium 6.2
Fleet's Apple MDM profile delivery has second-order SQL injection that can compromise the database
Fleet is open source device management software. Prior to 4.81.0, a second-order SQL injection vulnerability in Fleet's Apple MDM profile delivery pipeline could allow an attacker with a valid MDM enrollment certificate to exfiltrate or modify the contents of…
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Medium 6.3
code-projects Social Networking Site Endpoint delete_photos.php sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in code-projects Social Networking Site 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file delete_photos.php of the component Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument ID results in sql injection. The attack can be executed…
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Critical 9.1
AVideo has SQL Injection in Live_schedule::keyExists() via Unparameterized Stream Key
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the `Live_schedule::keyExists()` method constructs a SQL query by interpolating a stream key directly into the query string without parameterization. This method is called as …
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Free Hotel Reservation System index.php sql injection
A flaw has been found in itsourcecode Free Hotel Reservation System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /admin/mod_room/index.php?view=edit. Executing a manipulation of the argument ID can lead to sql injection. The attack can be launched remotel…
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High 7.1
AVideo has SQL Injection in category.php fixCleanTitle() via Unparameterized clean_title and id Variables
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the `fixCleanTitle()` static method in `objects/category.php` constructs a SQL SELECT query by directly interpolating both `$clean_title` and `$id` into the query string witho…
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High 7.1
AVideo has SQL Injection via Partial Prepared Statement — videos_id Concatenated Directly into Query
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, in `objects/like.php`, the `getLike()` method constructs a SQL query using a prepared statement placeholder (`?`) for `users_id` but directly concatenates `$this->videos_id` i…
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High 7.3
Shenzhen Ruiming Technology Streamax Crocus Parameter DevicePrint.do sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in Shenzhen Ruiming Technology Streamax Crocus 1.3.44. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /DevicePrint.do?Action=ReadTask of the component Parameter Handler. The manipulation of the argument State results in s…
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High 7.3
Shenzhen Ruiming Technology Streamax Crocus OperateStatistic.do sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Shenzhen Ruiming Technology Streamax Crocus 1.3.44. This impacts an unknown function of the file /OperateStatistic.do. The manipulation of the argument VehicleID results in sql injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The e…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-27876 Public exploit
RCE on Grafana via sqlExpressions
A chained attack via SQL Expressions and a Grafana Enterprise plugin can lead to a remote arbitrary code execution impact (RCE). This is enabled by a feature in Grafana (OSS), so all users are always recommended to update to avoid future attack vectors going …
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Medium 6.3
mingSoft MCMS Web Content List Endpoint ContentAction.java list sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in mingSoft MCMS up to 5.5.0. Impacted is the function list of the file net/mingsoft/cms/action/web/ContentAction.java of the component Web Content List Endpoint. The manipulation leads to sql injection. The attack c…
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High 8.8
Authenticated SQL Injection in Contact/query addressBookIds filter
Group-Office is an enterprise customer relationship management and groupware tool. Prior to versions 6.8.158, 25.0.92, and 26.0.17, an authenticated SQL Injection vulnerability in the JMAP `Contact/query` endpoint allows any authenticated user with basic addr…
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High 7.7CVE-2026-24031 Public exploit
Dovecot SQL based authentication can be bypassed when auth_username_chars is cleared by admin. This vulnerability allow…
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High 7.5
Server-Side Request Forgery via Filter Expression Keys in Neo4jVectorStore
Spring AI's spring-ai-neo4j-store contains a Cypher injection vulnerability in Neo4jVectorFilterExpressionConverter. When a user-controlled string is passed as a filter expression key in Neo4jVectorFilterExpressionConverter of spring-ai-neo4j-store, doKey() e…
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High 7.3
Shenzhen Ruiming Technology Streamax Crocus Endpoint RemoteFormat.do sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Shenzhen Ruiming Technology Streamax Crocus up to 1.3.44. Affected is an unknown function of the file /RemoteFormat.do of the component Endpoint. Such manipulation of the argument State leads to sql injection. It …
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High 7.3
code-projects Simple Laundry System Parameter modstaffinfo.php sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in code-projects Simple Laundry System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /modstaffinfo.php of the component Parameter Handler. The manipulation of the argument userid results in sql injection. The attack may…
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Critical 9.8
A SQL Injection vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Online Food Ordering System v1.0 in the Actions.php file (specif…
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Critical 9.8
A SQL Injection vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Online Food Ordering System v1.0 in the admin/manage_product.php…
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High 8.3
A SQL Injection vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Online Food Ordering System v1.0 in admin/manage_category.php vi…
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High 8.8
A SQL Injection vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Online Food Ordering System v1.0 in the Actions.php file (specif…
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Critical 9.8
A SQL Injection vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Online Food Ordering System v1.0 in the admin/view_product.php f…
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High 8.8
A SQL Injection vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Online Food Ordering System v1.0 in the Actions.php file (specif…
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Medium 5.3
MobSF has SQL Injection in its SQLite Database Viewer Utils
MobSF is a mobile application security testing tool used. Prior to version 4.4.6, MobSF's `read_sqlite()` function in `mobsf/MobSF/utils.py` (lines 542-566) uses Python string formatting (`%`) to construct SQL queries with table names read from a SQLite datab…
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Medium 4.9CVE-2026-33531 Public exploit
InvenTree has Path Traversal In Report Templates
InvenTree is an Open Source Inventory Management System. Prior to version 1.2.6, a path traversal vulnerability in the report template engine allows a staff-level user to read arbitrary files from the server filesystem via crafted template tags. Affected func…
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High 7.7
Tandoor Recipes's Unauthenticated Debug Parameter Leaks Full Raw SQL Queries Including Schema, Table Names, and Access Control Logic
Tandoor Recipes is an application for managing recipes, planning meals, and building shopping lists. In versions prior to 2.6.0, the Recipe API endpoint exposes a hidden `?debug=true` query parameter that returns the complete raw SQL query being executed, inc…
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High 7.2
Ory Keto has a SQL injection via forged pagination tokens
Ory Keto is am open source authorization server for managing permissions at scale. Prior to version 26.2.0, the GetRelationships API in Ory Keto is vulnerable to SQL injection due to flaws in its pagination implementation. Pagination tokens are encrypted usin…
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High 7.2
Ory Hydra has a SQL injection via forged pagination tokens
Ory Hydra is an OAuth 2.0 Server and OpenID Connect Provider. Prior to version 26.2.0, the listOAuth2Clients, listOAuth2ConsentSessions, and listTrustedOAuth2JwtGrantIssuers Admin APIs in Ory Hydra are vulnerable to SQL injection due to flaws in its paginatio…
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High 7.2
Ory Kratos has a SQL injection via forged pagination tokens
Ory Kratos is an identity, user management and authentication system for cloud services. Prior to version 26.2.0, the ListCourierMessages Admin API in Ory Kratos is vulnerable to SQL injection due to flaws in its pagination implementation. Pagination tokens a…
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High 8.1
Kysely has a MySQL SQL Injection via Insufficient Backslash Escaping in `sql.lit(string)` usage or similar methods that append string literal values into the compiled SQL strings
Kysely is a type-safe TypeScript SQL query builder. Prior to version 0.28.14, Kysely's `DefaultQueryCompiler.sanitizeStringLiteral()` only escapes single quotes by doubling them (`'` → `''`) but does not escape backslashes. When used with the MySQL dialect (w…
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High 8.1
Kysely has a MySQL SQL Injection via Backslash Escape Bypass in non-type-safe usage of JSON path keys.
Kysely is a type-safe TypeScript SQL query builder. In versions 0.28.12 and 0.28.13, the `sanitizeStringLiteral` method in Kysely's query compiler escapes single quotes (`'` → `''`) but does not escape backslashes. On MySQL with the default `BACKSLASH_ESCAPES…
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High 7.5
JS Help Desk – AI-Powered Support & Ticketing System <= 3.0.4 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'multiformid' Parameter
The JS Help Desk – AI-Powered Support & Ticketing System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the `multiformid` parameter in the `storeTickets()` function in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.4. This is due to the user-supplied `multif…
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Free Hotel Reservation System index.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in itsourcecode Free Hotel Reservation System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /admin/mod_amenities/index.php?view=editpic. Such manipulation of the argument ID leads to sql injection. The attack may …
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High 8.2
OpenBiz Cubi Lite 3.0.8 SQL Injection via username Parameter
OpenBiz Cubi Lite 3.0.8 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the login form that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries through the username parameter. Attackers can submit POST requests to /bin/controller.php with malicious SQL …
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High 8.2
qdPM 9.1 SQL Injection via filter_by Parameters
qdPM 9.1 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to extract database information by injecting SQL code through filter_by parameters. Attackers can submit malicious POST requests to the timeReport endpoint with crafted fil…
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High 8.2
KomSeo Cart 1.3 SQL Injection via edit.php
KomSeo Cart 1.3 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows attackers to inject SQL commands through the 'my_item_search' parameter in edit.php. Attackers can submit POST requests with malicious SQL payloads to extract sensitive database information u…
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High 7.1
Online Quiz Maker 1.0 SQL Injection via catid Parameter
Online Quiz Maker 1.0 contains SQL injection vulnerabilities in the catid and usern parameters that allow authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands. Attackers can submit malicious POST requests to quiz-system.php or add-category.php with craft…
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High 8.2
ASP.NET jVideo Kit 1.0 SQL Injection via query Parameter
ASP.NET jVideo Kit 1.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject SQL commands through the 'query' parameter in the search functionality. Attackers can submit malicious SQL payloads via GET or POST requests to the …
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High 8.2
Library CMS 1.0 SQL Injection via admin login
Library CMS 1.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass authentication by injecting SQL code through the username parameter. Attackers can send POST requests to the admin login endpoint with boolean-based blind …
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High 8.2
Online Store System CMS 1.0 SQL Injection via clientaccess
Online Store System CMS 1.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the email parameter. Attackers can send POST requests to index.php with the action=clientacc…