Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,217 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.5
BMLT Meeting Map <= 2.6.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The BMLT Meeting Map plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.0 via the 'bmlt_meeting_map' shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to i…
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High 7.5
WordPress Image Gallery Box by CRUDLab Plugin <= 1.0.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in CRUDLab Image Gallery Box by CRUDLab image-gallery-box-by-crudlab allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Image Gallery Box by …
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High 8.1
WordPress Background animation blocks Plugin <= 2.1.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Webarea Background animation blocks background-animation-blocks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Background animation bl…
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High 8.1
WordPress Improved Sale Badges – Free Version Plugin <= 1.0.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in dzeriho Improved Sale Badges – Free Version improved-sale-badges-free-version allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Improved …
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High 7.5
WordPress Private Messages for UserPro plugin <= 4.10.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in DeluxeThemes Private Messages for UserPro userpro-messaging.This issue affects Private Messages for UserPro: from n/a through <= 4.10.0.
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High 7.5
WordPress FAT Event Lite plugin <= 1.1 - Authenticated Non-Arbitrary Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in roninwp FAT Event Lite fat-event-lite allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects FAT Event Lite: from n/a through <= 1.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress FAT Event Lite plugin <= 1.1 - Unauthenticated Non-Arbitrary Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in roninwp FAT Event Lite fat-event-lite allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects FAT Event Lite: from n/a through <= 1.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Rezgo Online Booking plugin <= 4.17 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in rezgo Rezgo rezgo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Rezgo: from n/a through <= 4.17.
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High 7.5
WordPress 워드프레스 결제 심플페이 – 우커머스 결제 플러그인 plugin <= 5.2.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in codemstory 워드프레스 결제 심플페이 pgall-for-woocommerce allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects 워드프레스 결제 심플페이: from n/a through <= 5.2.0.
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High 7.5
WordPress WPMozo Addons Lite for Elementor plugin <= 1.1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elicus WPMozo Addons Lite for Elementor wpmozo-addons-lite-for-elementor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WPMozo Addons …
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High 7.5
WordPress Ach Invoice App plugin <= 1.0.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Service Shogun Ach Invoice App ach-invoice-app allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Ach Invoice App: from n/a through <= 1.0…
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High 7.5
WordPress Dynamic Product Category Grid, Slider for WooCommerce plugin <= 1.1.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Maidul Dynamic Product Category Grid, Slider for WooCommerce dynamic-product-categories-design allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue …
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High 8.8
WP Travel Engine – Elementor Widgets | Create Travel Booking Website Using WordPress and Elementor <= 1.3.7 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The WP Travel Engine – Elementor Widgets | Create Travel Booking Website Using WordPress and Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.7 via several widgets. This makes it possible for authe…
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High 8.1
WordPress Axeptio plugin <= 2.5.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Axeptio Axeptio axeptio-sdk-integration allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Axeptio: from n/a through <= 2.5.4.
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High 7.5
WordPress EazyDocs plugin <= 2.8.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Spider Themes EazyDocs eazydocs allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects EazyDocs: from n/a through <= 2.8.0.
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High 8.8
Product Carousel Slider & Grid Ultimate for WooCommerce <= 1.9.10 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion via 'theme'
The Product Carousel Slider & Grid Ultimate for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.10 via the 'theme' attribute of the `wcpcsu` shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated a…
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High 7.5
WordPress Designer plugin <= 1.4.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in codegearthemes Designer designer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Designer: from n/a through <= 1.4.1.
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High 7.5
WordPress All Bootstrap Blocks plugin <= 1.3.20 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in all_bootstrap_blocks All Bootstrap Blocks all-bootstrap-blocks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects All Bootstrap Blocks: fr…
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High 8.1
Soledad <= 8.5.9 - Unauthenticated Limited Local File Inclusion
The Soledad theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 8.5.9 via several functions like penci_archive_more_post_ajax_func, penci_more_post_ajax_func, and penci_more_featured_post_ajax_func. This makes it po…
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High 8.2
Local File Inclusion
Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities allow access to sensitive system information. Affected products: ABB ASPECT - Enterprise v3.08.02; NEXUS Series v3.08.02; MATRIX Series v3.08.02
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High 8.8
Free Responsive Testimonials, Social Proof Reviews, and Customer Reviews – Stars Testimonials <= 3.3.3 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The Free Responsive Testimonials, Social Proof Reviews, and Customer Reviews – Stars Testimonials plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.3 via the 'stars-testimonials-with-slider-and-masonry-grid' …
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High 8.1
WordPress Cryptocurrency Widgets For Elementor plugin <= 1.6.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Cool Plugins Cryptocurrency Widgets For Elementor cryptocurrency-widgets-for-elementor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects …
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High 7.5
WordPress Absolute Addons For Elementor plugin <= 1.0.14 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AbsolutePlugins Absolute Addons For Elementor absolute-addons allows Local Code Inclusion.This issue affects Absolute Addons For Elementor…
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High 7.5
WordPress Shopready plugin <= 3.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in quomodosoft Shopready shopready-elementor-addon allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Shopready: from n/a through <= 3.6.
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High 7.5
WordPress Pricing table addon for elementor plugin <= 1.0.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Ibrahim Pricing table addon for elementor pricing-table-addon-for-elementor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Pricing tab…
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High 7.5
WordPress Office Locator plugin <= 1.3.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WebbyTemplate Office Locator office-locator.This issue affects Office Locator: from n/a through <= 1.3.0.
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High 8.8
LA-Studio Element Kit for Elementor <= 1.4.2 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The LA-Studio Element Kit for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.2 via the _load_template function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access a…
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High 8.8
Contact Form 7 Email Add on <= 1.9 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The Contact Form 7 Email Add on plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.9 via the cf7_email_add_on_add_admin_template() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-l…
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High 7.5
WordPress nBlocks plugin <= 1.0.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in officialprocoders nBlocks nblocks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects nBlocks: from n/a through <= 1.0.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Ads Booster by Ads Pro plugin <= 1.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Peter Ads Booster by Ads Pro free-wp-booster-by-ads-pro allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Ads Booster by Ads Pro: from n/…
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High 8.1
WordPress ZIJ KART plugin <= 1.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Shoaib Rehmat ZIJ KART zij-kart allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects ZIJ KART: from n/a through <= 1.1.
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High 8.8
WPC Smart Messages for WooCommerce <= 4.2.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Local File Inclusion
The WPC Smart Messages for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.1 via the get_condition_value function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level acces…
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High 7.5
WordPress NewsCard theme <= 1.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themehorse NewsCard newscard.This issue affects NewsCard: from n/a through <= 1.3.
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High 7.5
WordPress Meta News theme <= 1.1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themehorse Meta News meta-news.This issue affects Meta News: from n/a through <= 1.1.7.
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High 7.5
WordPress Clean Retina theme <= 3.0.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themehorse Clean Retina clean-retina.This issue affects Clean Retina: from n/a through <= 3.0.6.
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High 7.5
WordPress Qode Essential Addons plugin <= 1.6.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Qode Qode Essential Addons qode-essential-addons.This issue affects Qode Essential Addons: from n/a through <= 1.6.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress Advanced Online Ordering and Delivery Platform plugin <= 2.0.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in wdesco Advanced Online Ordering and Delivery Platform advanced-online-ordering-and-delivery-platform allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This …
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High 7.2
WordPress Post Grid Layouts with Pagination – Sogrid <= 1.5.6 - Authenticated (Admin+) Local File Inclusion
The WordPress Post Grid Layouts with Pagination – Sogrid plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.6 via the 'tab' parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-lev…
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High 7.5
WordPress Qi Blocks plugin <= 1.3.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Qode Qi Blocks qi-blocks.This issue affects Qi Blocks: from n/a through <= 1.3.2.
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High 7.5
WordPress Mags theme <= 1.1.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themehorse Mags mags.This issue affects Mags: from n/a through <= 1.1.6.