Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,361 results · Feed
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High 8.1
WordPress CopyPress theme <= 1.4.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in CopyPress <= 1.4.5 versions.
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High 8.1
WordPress MaxiNet theme <= 1.2.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in MaxiNet <= 1.2.10 versions.
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High 8.1
WordPress Nexio theme <= 1.10.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in Nexio <= 1.10.0 versions.
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High 8.1
WordPress Planty theme <= 1.14.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in Planty <= 1.14.0 versions.
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High 8.1
WordPress Raider Spirit theme <= 1.1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in Raider Spirit <= 1.1.2 versions.
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High 8.1
WordPress Rosaleen theme <= 2.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in Rosaleen <= 2.8 versions.
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High 8.1
WordPress Modernee theme <= 1.6.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in Modernee <= 1.6.0 versions.
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High 8.1
WordPress Learnify theme <= 1.15.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in Learnify <= 1.15.0 versions.
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High 8.1
WordPress Geya theme <= 1.15 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in Geya <= 1.15 versions.
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High 7.2
Discuz! X5.0 Local File Inclusion via enable_disable.php Plugin Directory
Discuz! X5.0 releases 20260320 through 20260610 contain a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary code by importing a specially crafted plugin configuration containing path traversal sequences in the di…
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Medium 6.2
WordPress Plugin Abtest Local File Inclusion via abtest_admin.php
WordPress Plugin Abtest contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to include arbitrary files by manipulating the action parameter. Attackers can send GET requests to abtest_admin.php with malicious action values to in…
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Medium 6.2
WordPress Brandfolder Plugin 3.0 Local File Inclusion via callback.php
WordPress Brandfolder plugin version 3.0 and earlier contains a local file inclusion vulnerability in callback.php that allows unauthenticated attackers to include arbitrary files by manipulating the wp_abspath parameter. Attackers can supply path traversal s…
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Medium 6.2
WordPress Dharma Booking 2.28.3 Local File Inclusion via proccess.php
WordPress Dharma Booking 2.28.3 and earlier contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to include arbitrary files by manipulating the gateway parameter. Attackers can supply file paths with directory traversal sequence…
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Medium 6.2
WordPress IMDb Profile Widget 1.0.8 Local File Inclusion via pic.php
WordPress IMDb Profile Widget 1.0.8 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by manipulating the url parameter. Attackers can supply directory traversal sequences in GET requests to pic.php to…
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Medium 6.2
WordPress Plugin Photocart Link 1.6 Local File Inclusion via decode.php
WordPress Plugin Photocart Link 1.6 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by exploiting insufficient input validation in decode.php. Attackers can supply base64-encoded file paths in the 'i…
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Medium 6.2
WP Vault 0.8.6.6 Local File Inclusion via wpv-image Parameter
WP Vault 0.8.6.6 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by exploiting an unescaped parameter in the include functionality. Attackers can supply directory traversal sequences through the wpv-…
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High 8.1
Recover Exit For WooCommerce <= 1.0.3 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion via 'tpf' Parameter
The Recover Exit For WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to and including 1.0.3. This is due to insufficient validation and sanitization of the user-controlled `tpf` POST parameter before it is used in an …
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High 8.1
WordPress Cookiteer theme <= 1.4.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in androThemes Cookiteer allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Cookiteer: from n/a through 1.4.8.
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High 8.1
WordPress Racquet theme <= 1.12.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Axiomthemes Racquet allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Racquet: from n/a through 1.12.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Fermentio theme <= 1.5.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Axiomthemes Fermentio allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Fermentio: from n/a through 1.5.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Spin theme <= 1.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Axiomthemes Spin allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Spin: from n/a through 1.8.
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High 8.1
WordPress WaveRide theme <= 1.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Select-Themes WaveRide allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects WaveRide: from n/a through 1.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Blueprint theme < 1.1.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Code Supply Co. Blueprint allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Blueprint: from n/a before 1.1.5.
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High 8.1
WordPress Crafti theme <= 1.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Axiomthemes Crafti allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Crafti: from n/a through 1.12.
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High 7.5
WordPress Accordion FAQ Plugin <= 2.2.1 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in UnboundStudio Accordion FAQ allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Accordion FAQ: from n/a through 2.2.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Confidant theme <= 1.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Axiomthemes Confidant allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Confidant: from n/a through 1.4.
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High 7.6
FreePBX: Authenticated Local File Inclusion in Dashboard Module
FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. Prior to 16.0.22 and 17.0.5, the Dashboard module's getcontent AJAX handler includes PHP files based on user-supplied input without path sanitization. The $_REQUEST['rawname'] parameter is concatenated into an include() call …
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Critical 9.9
Mautic vulnerable to Path Traversal via Campaign Import
A path traversal vulnerability exists in the campaign import feature of Mautic 7. When extracting uploaded ZIP files during campaign imports, a flaw in the validation logic allows file paths to escape the intended temporary directories. An authenticated user …
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High 8.0
An issue in Responsive File Manager Responsive FileManager Version 9.14.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary…
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High 7.5
WordPress SeedProd Pro plugin < 6.19.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in SeedProd LLC SeedProd Pro allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects SeedProd Pro: from n/a before 6.19.5.
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High 7.5
Query Shortcode <= 0.2.1 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion via 'lens' Shortcode Attribute
The Query Shortcode plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 0.2.1 via the shortcode function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to include and …
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High 7.5
Identity Awareness Captive Portal - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
When the Identity Awareness blade is enabled with Browser-Based Authentication, an unauthenticated user may be able to read certain internal files on the Security Gateway.
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High 7.5
WordPress SW Core plugin <= 1.7.18 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Magentech SW Core allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects SW Core: from n/a through 1.7.18.
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Critical 9.4
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below is vulnerable to Authenticated RCE via Composer customTemplate Path Traversal leading to PHP File Inclusion
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below fails to sanitize path traversal sequences in the ptComposerFormLayoutSetControlCustomTemplate field when saving page type composer form layouts. An authenticated rogue administrator with composer form editing rights can exploit t…
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High 7.4
Yii 2: Local file inclusion via view parameter name collision
Yii 2 is a PHP application framework. Versions 2.0.54 and prior contain flawed logic in the core view rendering method View::renderPhpFile() that leads to Local File Inclusion. The function calls extract($_params_, EXTR_OVERWRITE) before the require statement…
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High 8.8
Advanced Database Cleaner – Premium <= 4.1.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Local File Inclusion via 'template'
The Advanced Database Cleaner – Premium plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in versions up to, and including, 4.1.0 via the 'template' parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above…
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High 7.5
WordPress Plugin WP with Spritz 1.0 Remote File Inclusion
WordPress Plugin WP with Spritz 1.0 contains a remote file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by injecting file paths into the url parameter. Attackers can send GET requests to wp.spritz.content.filter.php wi…
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Medium 6.2
Simple Fields 0.2-0.3.5 Local File Inclusion via wp_abspath
Simple Fields 0.2 through 0.3.5 WordPress Plugin contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by injecting null bytes into the wp_abspath parameter on PHP versions before 5.3.4. Attackers can supp…
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Medium 6.2
ProcessMaker 3.5.4 Local File Inclusion via Path Traversal
ProcessMaker 3.5.4 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by exploiting improper path traversal validation. Attackers can send requests with directory traversal sequences to access sensitive…
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Medium 6.2
WordPress Plugin Supsystic Backup 2.3.9 Local File Inclusion
Supsystic Backup 2.3.9 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read and delete arbitrary files by manipulating the download path parameter. Attackers can modify the download parameter in admin.php requests with d…