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High · 8.8 CVE-2026-116786 EUVD-2026-117710

FreeSWITCH: Channel-variable injection via SIP REFER leads to command execution in mod_sofia

Published Nov 5, 2026 · Updated Nov 9, 2026 · Assigned by GitHub_M

Description

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
signalwire freeswitch < 1.11.2 —

References