Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
376 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript: WebAssembly component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript: WebAssembly component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153, Firefox ESR 140.13, Thunderbird 153, and Thunderbird 140.13.
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Critical 9.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: Playback component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: Playback component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153 and Thunderbird 153.
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: cubeb component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: cubeb component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153, Firefox ESR 115.38, Firefox ESR 140.13, Thunderbird 153, and Thunderbird 140.13.
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Critical 9.8
Totolink NR1800X lighttpd formLogout.htm Form_Logout stack-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in Totolink NR1800X 9.1.0u.6279_B20210910. Affected by this issue is the function Form_Logout of the file /formLogout.htm of the component lighttpd. This manipulation of the argument Host causes stack-based buffer overflow. The …
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Critical 9.6
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 152, Firefox ESR 140.12, Firefox ESR 115.37, Thunderbird 152, and Thunderbird 140.12.
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-11499 Public exploit
Tenda HG7/HG9/HG10 formDOMAINBLK stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in Tenda HG7, HG9 and HG10 300001138_en_xpon. This affects the function formDOMAINBLK of the file /boaform/formDOMAINBLK. Executing a manipulation of the argument blkDomain can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-10187 Public exploit
Totolink N300RH Web Management wireless.so setWiFiBasicConfig stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink N300RH 6.1c.1353_B20190305. Affected by this issue is the function setWiFiBasicConfig of the file wireless.so of the component Web Management Interface. Performing a manipulation of the argument KeyStr results in stack…
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Critical 9.1
Invoking client can cause server deadlock on unexpected responses in golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
A malicious SSH peer could send unsolicited global request responses to fill an internal buffer, blocking the connection's read loop. The blocked goroutine could not be released by calling Close(), resulting in a resource leak per connection. Unsolicited glob…
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Critical 9.6
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 151, Firefox ESR 140.11, Thunderbird 151, and Thunderbird 140.11.
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Critical 9.8
lwIP snmpv3 USM snmp_msg.c snmp_parse_inbound_frame stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in lwIP up to 2.2.1. Affected is the function snmp_parse_inbound_frame of the file src/apps/snmp/snmp_msg.c of the component snmpv3 USM Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument msgAuthenticationParameters results in stack-b…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DI-8100 POST Parameter url_rule.asp url_rule_asp buffer overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DI-8100 16.07.26A1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function url_rule_asp of the file /url_rule.asp of the component POST Parameter Handler. Such manipulation leads to buffer overflow. It is possible …
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DI-8100 HTTP auto_reboot.asp sprintf buffer overflow
A weakness has been identified in D-Link DI-8100 16.07.26A1. Affected is the function sprintf of the file /auto_reboot.asp of the component HTTP Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable/time causes buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the atta…
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Critical 9.8
EFM ipTIME NAS1dual misc_main.cgi get_csrf_whites stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in EFM ipTIME NAS1dual 1.5.24. This issue affects the function get_csrf_whites of the file /cgi/advanced/misc_main.cgi. Such manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink N300RH Parameter cstecgi.cgi loginauth buffer overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink N300RH 3.2.4-B20220812. Affected by this vulnerability is the function loginauth of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Parameter Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument Password results in…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink WA300 POST Request cstecgi.cgi loginauth buffer overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink WA300 5.2cu.7112_B20190227. The affected element is the function loginauth of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument http_host results in buffer ove…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink NR1800X lighttpd find_host_ip stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink NR1800X 9.1.0u.6279_B20210910. The impacted element is the function find_host_ip of the component lighttpd. Such manipulation of the argument Host leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be e…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DI-8100 CGI Endpoint tgfile.htm tgfile_htm buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-8100 16.07.26A1. This affects the function tgfile_htm of the file tgfile.htm of the component CGI Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument fn results in buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit…
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Critical 10.0
Sonos Era 300 SMB Response Out-Of-Bounds Access Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Sonos Era 300 SMB Response Out-Of-Bounds Access Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Sonos Era 300. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.…
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Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox ESR 115.34.1, Firefox ESR 140.9.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.9.1, Firefox 149.0.2 and Thunderbird 149.0.2
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox ESR 115.34.0, Firefox ESR 140.9.0, Thunderbird ESR 140.9.0, Firefox 149.0.1 and Thunderbird 149.0.1. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-34159 Public exploit
llama.cpp: Unauthenticated RCE via GRAPH_COMPUTE buffer=0 bypass in llama.cpp RPC backend
llama.cpp is an inference of several LLM models in C/C++. Prior to version b8492, the RPC backend's deserialize_tensor() skips all bounds validation when a tensor's buffer field is 0. An unauthenticated attacker can read and write arbitrary process memory via…
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird 149, and Thunderbird 140.9.
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Critical 9.4
GDAL Bundled zlib (inftree9.c) Pointer Offset Optimization Undefined Behavior Allows Heap Corruption or Remote Code Execution
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in OSGeo gdal (frmts/zlib/contrib/infback9 modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files inftree9.C. This issue affects gdal: before 3.11.0.
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Critical 9.4
Heap Buffer Overflow in yoyofr/modizer
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in yoyofr modizer (libs/libopenmpt/openmpt-trunk/include/premake/contrib/curl/lib modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files imap.C. This issue affects m…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-4567 Public exploit
Tenda A15 UploadCfg stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda A15 15.13.07.13. The impacted element is the function UploadCfg of the file /cgi-bin/UploadCfg. The manipulation of the argument File leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The explo…
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Critical 9.8
Tenda AC8 HTTP Endpoint SysToolChangePwd doSystemCmd stack-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in Tenda AC8 up to 16.03.50.11. This vulnerability affects the function doSystemCmd of the file /goform/SysToolChangePwd of the component HTTP Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument local_2c causes stack-based buffer overfl…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-816 goahead form2Wl5BasicSetup.cgi stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /goform/form2Wl5BasicSetup.cgi of the component goahead. Performing a manipulation of the argument pskValue results in stack-based…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-816 goahead form2WlanBasicSetup.cgi stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. Affected is an unknown function of the file /goform/form2WlanBasicSetup.cgi of the component goahead. Such manipulation of the argument pskValue leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The …
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-816 goahead form2Wl5RepeaterStep2.cgi stack-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. This impacts an unknown function of the file /goform/form2Wl5RepeaterStep2.cgi of the component goahead. This manipulation of the argument key1/key2/key3/key4/pskValue causes stack-based buffer overf…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-816 goahead form2RepeaterStep2.cgi stack-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. This affects an unknown function of the file /goform/form2RepeaterStep2.cgi of the component goahead. The manipulation of the argument key1/key2/key3/key4/pskValue results in stack-based buffer …
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Critical 9.8
Wavlink NU516U1 login.cgi sub_401A10 out-of-bounds write
A flaw has been found in Wavlink NU516U1 251208. This affects the function sub_401A10 of the file /cgi-bin/login.cgi. Executing a manipulation of the argument ipaddr can lead to out-of-bounds write. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has bee…
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: GMP component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: GMP component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 148, Firefox ESR 115.33, Firefox ESR 140.8, Thunderbird 148, and Thunderbird 140.8.
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking: JAR component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking: JAR component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 148, Firefox ESR 140.8, Thunderbird 148, and Thunderbird 140.8.
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Critical 10.0
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Core & HTML component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Core & HTML component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 148, Firefox ESR 115.33, Firefox ESR 140.8, Thunderbird 148, and Thunderbird 140.8.
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Critical 10.0
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Telemetry component in External Software
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Telemetry component in External Software. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 148, Firefox ESR 115.33, Firefox ESR 140.8, Thunderbird 148, and Thunderbird 140.8.
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Web Audio component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Web Audio component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 148, Firefox ESR 115.33, Firefox ESR 140.8, Thunderbird 148, and Thunderbird 140.8.
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Critical 9.8
libtiff up to v4.7.1 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the readSeparateStripsIntoBuffer function.
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM W30AP POST Request wx3auth R7WebsSecurityHandler stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in IP-COM W30AP up to 1.0.0.11(1340). Affected by this issue is the function R7WebsSecurityHandler of the file /goform/wx3auth of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument data results in stack-based buf…
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Critical 9.3
In vpu_mmap of vpu_ioctl, there is a possible arbitrary address mmap due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to …
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Critical 9.3
An improper pointer arithmetic in root-project/root at builtins/zlib/inffast.c
Vulnerability in root-project root (builtins/zlib modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files inffast.C. This issue affects root.
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Critical 9.3
An Uninitialized stack variable vulnerability in GaijinEntertainment/DagorEngine
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in GaijinEntertainment DagorEngine (prog/3rdPartyLibs/miniupnpc modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files upnpreplyparse.C. This issue affects DagorEngin…