Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
-
Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
-
Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
-
Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
-
Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
-
Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
-
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
376 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Critical 9.8
Sandbox escape due to invalid pointer in the Audio/Video: GMP component
An attacker was able to perform memory corruption in the GMP process which processes encrypted media. This process is also heavily sandboxed, but represents slightly different privileges from the content process. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 142, F…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-8760 Public exploit
INSTAR 2K+/4K fcgi_server base64_decode buffer overflow
A vulnerability was identified in INSTAR 2K+ and 4K 3.11.1 Build 1124. This affects the function base64_decode of the component fcgi_server. The manipulation of the argument Authorization leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotel…
-
Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6, macOS Sequoia 1…
-
Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 141 and Thunderbird 141
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 140 and Thunderbird 140. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefo…
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34096 Public exploit
Easy File Sharing HTTP Server 7.2 Buffer Overflow via POST to /sendemail.ghp
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in Easy File Sharing HTTP Server version 7.2. The flaw is triggered when a crafted POST request is sent to the /sendemail.ghp endpoint containing an overly long Email parameter. The application fails to prope…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-7206 EPSS 22%
D-Link DIR-825 httpd switch_language.cgi sub_410DDC stack-based overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in D-Link DIR-825 2.10. This issue affects the function sub_410DDC of the file switch_language.cgi of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument Language leads to stack-based buffer …
-
Critical 9.2
Memory overflow vulnerability leading to unintended control flow and Denial of Service
Memory overflow vulnerability leading to unintended control flow and Denial of Service in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway when configured as Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) OR AAA virtual server
KEV Jun 30, 2025 -
Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-632 HTTP POST Request get_pure_content stack-based overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in D-Link DIR-632 FW103B08. Affected by this issue is the function get_pure_content of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument Content-Length leads to stack-ba…
-
Critical 9.8
Apache NuttX RTOS: examples/xmlrpc: Fix calls buffers size.
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability was discovered in Apache NuttX RTOS apps/exapmles/xmlrpc application. In this example application device stats structure that stored remotely provided parameters had hardcod…
-
Critical 9.8
UTT 进取 750W API setSysAdm strcpy buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in UTT 进取 750W up to 5.0. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function strcpy of the file /goform/setSysAdm of the component API. The manipulation of the argument passwd1 leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to i…
-
Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-816 form2lansetup.cgi stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /goform/form2lansetup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument ip leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be i…
-
Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-816 QoSPortSetup stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function QoSPortSetup of the file /goform/QoSPortSetup. The manipulation of the argument port0_group/port0_remarker/ssid0_group/ssid0_remar…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-5623 EPSS 20%
D-Link DIR-816 qosClassifier stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function qosClassifier of the file /goform/qosClassifier. The manipulation of the argument dip_address/sip_address leads to stack-based buffer overflow…
-
Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-816 wirelessApcli_5g stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function wirelessApcli_5g of the file /goform/wirelessApcli_5g. The manipulation of the argument apcli_mode_5g/apcli_enc_5g/apcli_default_key_5g le…
-
Critical 9.8
TOTOLINK EX1200T cstecgi.cgi setLanguageCfg stack-based overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK EX1200T 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713. This issue affects the function setLanguageCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument LangType leads to stack-based buffe…
-
Critical 9.8
WAVLINK WL-WN576K1 HTTP POST Request login.cgi sys_login buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in WAVLINK QUANTUM D2G, QUANTUM D3G, WL-WN530G3A, WL-WN530HG3, WL-WN532A3 and WL-WN576K1 up to V1410_240222 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function sys_login of the file /cgi-bin/login.cgi of the component …
-
Critical 9.1
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.4. An app may be able to…
-
Critical 9.8
Apache NuttX RTOS: NuttX Bluetooth Stack HCI and UART DoS/RCE Vulnerabilities.
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer and Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerabilities were discovered in Apache NuttX RTOS Bluetooth Stack (HCI and UART components) that may result in system crash, denial of service, or arbit…
-
Critical 9.8
KL-001-2025-004: Mobile Dynamix PrinterShare Mobile Print Out-of-bounds Write
An Out of Bounds Write occurs when the native library attempts PDF rendering, which can be exploited to achieve memory corruption and potentially arbitrary code execution.
-
Critical 9.2
Improper Pointer Arithmetic in pcl
A vulnerability exists in the inftrees.c component of the zlib library, which is bundled within the PointCloudLibrary (PCL). This issue may allow context-dependent attackers to cause undefined behavior by exploiting improper pointer arithmetic. Since version …
-
Critical 9.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.…
KEV Apr 17, 2025 -
Critical 9.4CVE-2025-24797 Public exploit
Meshtastic incorrectly hands malformed packets leads to controlled buffer overflow
Meshtastic is an open source mesh networking solution. A fault in the handling of mesh packets containing invalid protobuf data can result in an attacker-controlled buffer overflow, allowing an attacker to hijack execution flow, potentially resulting in remot…
-
Critical 9.8
D-Link DAP-1620 storage check_dws_cookie stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DAP-1620 1.03 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function check_dws_cookie of the file /storage. The manipulation of the argument uid leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotel…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-2620 Public exploit
D-Link DAP-1620 Authentication storage mod_graph_auth_uri_handler stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DAP-1620 1.03 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function mod_graph_auth_uri_handler of the file /storage of the component Authentication Handler. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer ov…
-
Critical 9.8
D-Link DAP-1620 Cookie storage check_dws_cookie stack-based overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in D-Link DAP-1620 1.03. This affects the function check_dws_cookie of the file /storage of the component Cookie Handler. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to ini…
-
Critical 9.8
D-Link DAP-1620 Path api set_ws_action heap-based overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in D-Link DAP-1620 1.03. Affected by this issue is the function set_ws_action of the file /dws/api/ of the component Path Handler. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The atta…
-
Critical 10.0
Undefined Behavior Due to Out-of-Bounds Pointer Arithmetic in libwebsockets
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in warmcat libwebsockets allows Pointer Manipulation, potentially leading to out-of-bounds memory access. This issue affects libwebsockets before 4.3.4 and is present in cod…
-
Critical 10.0
Buffer Overflow and Potential Code Execution in Radare2
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in radareorg radare2 allows Overflow Buffers.This issue affects radare2: before <5.9.9.
-
Critical 9.1
cgi.c in weborf .0.17, 0.18, 0.19, and 0.20 (before 1.0) lacks '\0' termination of the path for CGI scripts because str…
-
Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 130, Firefox ESR 115.15, Firefox ESR 128.2, and Thunderbird 128.2. Some of these …
-
Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 130, Firefox ESR 128.2, and Thunderbird 128.2. Some of these bugs showed evidence…
-
Critical 9.2
Unchecked buffer in Dynamic DNS client
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Western Digital My Cloud ddns-start on Linux allows Overflow Buffers.This issue affects My Cloud: before 5.29.102.
-
Critical 9.3
Inappropriate implementation in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 126.0.6478.54 allowed a remote attacker to potentially per…
-
Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 129. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that …
-
Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 129, Firefox ESR 128.1, and Thunderbird 128.1. Some of these bugs showed evidence…
-
Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in UCI IDOL 2 (aka uciIDOL or IDOL2) through 2.12. Due to improper input validation, improper d…
-
Critical 9.8
In Modem, there is a possible memory corruption due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution…
-
Critical 9.1
drm/amd/display: Avoid HDCP over-read and corruption
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amd/display: Avoid HDCP over-read and corruption Instead of reading the desired 5 bytes of the actual target field, the code was reading 8. This could result in a corrupted value if the t…
-
Critical 9.0
IBM Personal Communications code execution
IBM Personal Communications 14.0.6 through 15.0.1 includes a Windows service that is vulnerable to remote code execution (RCE) and local privilege escalation (LPE). The vulnerability allows any unprivileged user with network access to a target computer to run…
-
Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in Elspec G5 digital fault recorder versions 1.1.4.15 and before. Unauthenticated memory corrup…