Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
15 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.4CVE-2026-109721 Public exploit
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 158, Firefox ESR 153.5, Thunderbird 158, and Thunderbird 153.5.
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-65330 Public exploit
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6.1 and iPadOS 26.6.1, macOS Sequo…
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Medium 5.4CVE-2026-64788 Public exploit
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6.1 and iPadOS 26.6.1, macOS Tahoe…
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Medium 5.4CVE-2026-4390 Public exploit
TeamSpeak 3 Server Connection State Management process_resend_queue use after free
A weakness has been identified in TeamSpeak 3 Server up to 3.13.7. This affects the function process_resend_queue of the component Connection State Management. This manipulation causes use after free. The attack may be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-8388 Public exploit
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 150.0.3, Firefox ESR 115.36, Firefox ESR 140.11, and Thunderbird 140.11.
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Medium 5.5CVE-2026-20698 Public exploit
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.4 and iPadOS 26.4, macOS Tahoe 26.…
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Medium 4.9CVE-2025-43504 Public exploit
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Xcode 26.1. A user in a privilege…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2025-7545 Public exploit
GNU Binutils objcopy.c copy_section heap-based overflow
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in GNU Binutils 2.45. Affected by this vulnerability is the function copy_section of the file binutils/objcopy.c. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. Attacking locally is a requirement. The…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2025-24132 Public exploit
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in AirPlay audio SDK 2.7.1 and AirPlay video…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2024-12344 Public exploit
TP-Link VN020 F3v(T) FTP USER Command memory corruption
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TP-Link VN020 F3v(T) TT_V6.2.1021. This affects an unknown part of the component FTP USER Command Handler. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remot…
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Medium 6.0CVE-2023-31355 Public exploit
Improper restriction of write operations in SNP firmware could allow a malicious hypervisor to overwrite a guest's UMC …
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Medium 5.5CVE-2022-3564 Public exploit
Linux Kernel Bluetooth l2cap_core.c l2cap_reassemble_sdu use after free
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Linux Kernel. Affected by this vulnerability is the function l2cap_reassemble_sdu of the file net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c of the component Bluetooth. The manipulation leads to use after free. It is recommende…
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Medium 5.3
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers. A remote attacker could execute arbitrary commands or bypass authentication and upload files on an affected device. For more information about thes…
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Medium 5.3
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers. A remote attacker could execute arbitrary commands or bypass authentication and upload files on an affected device. For more information about thes…
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Medium —
Apache Tomcat does not properly handle an invalid Transfer-Encoding header
Apache Tomcat 5.5.0 through 5.5.29, 6.0.0 through 6.0.27, and 7.0.0 beta does not properly handle an invalid Transfer-Encoding header, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application outage) or obtain sensitive information via a crafte…