Weakness (CWE)
CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Source: MITRE CWE-125
6,278 results · Feed
-
Low 3.3
ImageMagick - Heap Buffer Overflow via Off-by-One in Morphology Processing
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-19 contains an off-by-one error in morphology validation allowing out-of-bounds heap buffer reads. Attackers can trigger heap buffer overflow by providing incorrect morphology parameters causing single pixel memory access violations.
-
Medium 6.5
Out-of-bounds read in Bluetooth Controller ISOAL framed RX reassembly leaks adjacent memory into host HCI ISO packets
The Zephyr Bluetooth controller ISO Adaptation Layer (subsys/bluetooth/controller/ll_sw/isoal.c) fails to validate the length field of a framed ISO PDU start segment. Per the Bluetooth specification a start segment (sc=0) always carries a 3-byte time_offset, …
-
Medium 4.8
Out-of-bounds read in Zephyr DNS resolver TXT/SRV record parsing (unvalidated `rdlength`)
Zephyr's DNS resolver (subsys/net/lib/dns) parses resource records from DNS responses in dns_unpack_answer(), which validated only the fixed RR header (type, class, TTL, rdlength) and accepted any attacker-declared rdlength, including one extending past the e…
-
Medium 6.9CVE-2026-10817 Public exploit
Insufficient input validation leading to memory overread
Insufficient input validation leading to memory overread in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway if the TCP TimeStamp is enabled in TCP Profile and is associated with the virtual server (of type LB, CS, VPN) or the service configured on NetScaler
-
Medium 6.5
Glib: out-of-bounds read in glib/gdatetime.c:g_date_time_get_ymd via invalid gdatetime
A flaw was found in GLib. An out-of-bounds read of only 2 bytes can occur in the g_date_time_get_ymd function in the glib/gdatetime.c file when an invalid GDateTime object produced by the g_date_time_add_full function is processed. This flaw can corrupt the d…
-
High 8.8
Insufficient input validation leading to memory overread
Insufficient input validation in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway leading to memory overread if NetScaler ADC or NetScaler Gateway is configured as a SAML IDP
-
Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 26.5.2 and iPadOS 26.5…
-
Medium 6.5
An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 18…
-
Medium 6.5
An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 18…
-
Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.5.2 and iPadOS 26.5.2, macOS Sequo…
-
High 7.5
JavaScript::Minifier::XS versions before 0.16 for Perl crash with a NULL pointer dereference when the first meaningful token of the input is a slash
JavaScript::Minifier::XS versions before 0.16 for Perl crash with a NULL pointer dereference when the first meaningful token of the input is a slash. The regexp versus division disambiguator in JsTokenizeString (XS.xs) inspects the previous token's last byte …
-
Medium 6.9
Eclipse tinydtls before commit b3efd41ad111a4920f599f51ffa4f5e9f1e72221 contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in…
-
Medium 4.3
Investintech SlimPDFReader PDF File SlimPDFReader.exe TeighaDo+0x25cde0 out-of-bounds
A security flaw has been discovered in Investintech SlimPDFReader up to 2.0.14. Affected by this issue is the function SlimPDFReader!Investintech::PCV::TeighaDo+0x25cde0 of the file SlimPDFReader.exe of the component PDF File Handler. Performing a manipulatio…
-
High 7.8CVE-2026-45258 Public exploit
Multiple vulnerabilities in the sound(4) mmap path
dsp_mmap_single() validated the requested mapping by checking the sum of the user-supplied offset and length against the buffer size. This addition could overflow, so that a large offset and length wrapped around and passed the check. The offset was then narr…
-
Medium 5.0CVE-2026-48770 Public exploit
Notepad++ WM_COPYDATA COPYDATA_FULL_CMDLINE local DoS crash
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.6.1, a local process in the same interactive Windows session can send a malformed WM_COPYDATA message to Notepad++ using the COPYDATA_FULL_CMDLINE path. The handler appears to process COPYDA…
-
High 7.5
Dragonfly: RESTORE operations may crash the server
Dragonfly is an in-memory data store built for modern application workloads. Prior to 1.39.0, a crafted RESTORE payload triggers an out-of-bounds read in DragonflyDB's listpack collection loaders, crashing the entire server process (SIGSEGV). Because Dragonfl…
-
Medium 6.3
Out-of-bounds heap read in SM2/SM3 certificate Subject Key Identifier computation
Out-of-bounds heap read during SM2/SM3 certificate signature verification. When parsing a certificate with an SM3wSM2 signature, the Subject Key Identifier computation reads the trailing 65 bytes of the public key without checking that the key is at least tha…
-
Medium 4.4
RTKLIB 2.4.3 - Out-of-bounds Read via Negative Array Index in getcodepri
RTKLIB through 2.4.3 contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in getcodepri function when processing unrecognized RINEX observation codes, allowing attackers to trigger denial of service. Crafted RINEX files with unknown observation types cause negative a…
-
High 8.4
Out-of-bounds read in Horner Automation Cscape
Horner Automation Cscape versions prior to 10.2 SP3 are vulnerable to an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability through parsing CSP files. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to disclose information and execute arbitrary code.
-
Medium 6.3
Heap buffer overread in wc_PKCS7_DecodeEnvelopedData parsing crafted PKCS7 EnvelopedData
Heap buffer overread in wc_PKCS7_DecodeEnvelopedData when parsing crafted PKCS7 EnvelopedData. This could theoretically be triggered by attacker-supplied data delivered via S/MIME or CMS.
-
Medium 5.3
Vim: Out-of-bounds Read in Text Property Count
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0670, get_text_props() in src/textprop.c reads a uint16 property count stored inline after a line's text and returns it as the number of 32-byte textprop_T entries that follow. The only check is a …
-
Medium 5.5
Vim: Out-of-bounds Read with libsodium-encrypted Files
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0671, when Vim opens a file encrypted with the VimCrypt~04! or VimCrypt~05! method (xchacha20poly1305, requires the +sodium feature) whose body is shorter than a single libsodium secretstream heade…
-
Medium 6.8
Vim: Out-of-bounds Read with Text Properties
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. From 9.2.0320 until 9.2.0679, a crafted undo or swap file can store a virtual-text property whose offset and length point outside the line's property data. When Vim restores or displays such a line it converts …
-
Medium 6.3
Nokogiri: Possible Out-of-Bounds Read in `Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet#[]`
Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for the Ruby programming language. Prior to 1.19.4, Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet#[] (and its alias #slice) checked the requested index against the node set's bounds using a 32-bit-truncated copy of the index. A large …
-
High 7.1
Simple Metering GetProfileResponse interval-bounds bug in EmberZNet v9.0.2
In EmberZNet v9.0.2 and earlier, a malformed GetProfileResponse message can trigger out-of-bounds reads while iterating interval entries and terminate the process. These messages must come from a device that has already joined the network, and no information …
-
High 7.1
Door Lock GetUserType invalid table index in EmberZNet v9.0.2
In EmberZNet v9.0.2 and earlier, malformed or out-of-range Door Lock user identifiers can trigger out-of-bounds table reads and terminate the process. These messages must come from a device that has already joined the network, and no information leakage back …
-
High 7.1
Groups GetGroupMembership count/list-length mismatch in EmberZNet v9.0.2
In EmberZNet v9.0.2 and earlier, malformed GetGroupMembership commands can trigger repeated reads past the end of the message payload and terminate the process. These messages must come from a device that has already joined the network, and no information lea…
-
High 7.1
OTA server raw parser missing per-field bounds validation in EmberZNet v9.0.2
In EmberZNet v9.0.2 and earlier, malformed OTA requests can drive the OTA server parser into out-of-bounds reads. A limited amount of data from RAM is read back to the requester. The size and location of this data is limited. These requests must come from a d…
-
High 7.1
Global ZCL command parser missing minimum-length validation in EmberZNet v9.0.2
In EmberZNet v9.0.2 and earlier, malformed global ZCL messages can trigger out-of-bounds reads in framework parsing logic and terminate the process. These messages must come from a device that has already joined the network, and no information leakage back to…
-
High 8.2
netfilter: conntrack_irc: fix possible out-of-bounds read
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: conntrack_irc: fix possible out-of-bounds read When parsing fails after we've matched the command string we should bail out instead of trying to match a different command. This hel…
-
High 8.1
Bluetooth: RFCOMM: validate skb length in MCC handlers
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: RFCOMM: validate skb length in MCC handlers The RFCOMM MCC handlers cast skb->data to protocol-specific structs without validating skb->len first. A malicious remote device can sen…
-
High 7.1
Bluetooth: bnep: reject short frames before parsing
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: bnep: reject short frames before parsing A BNEP peer can send a short BNEP SDU. bnep_rx_frame() reads the packet type byte immediately and, for control packets, reads the control o…
-
Critical 9.8
sctp: validate cached peer INIT chunk length in COOKIE_ECHO processing
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sctp: validate cached peer INIT chunk length in COOKIE_ECHO processing When a listening SCTP server processes a COOKIE_ECHO chunk, the cached peer INIT chunk embedded after the cookie is pars…
-
Critical 9.1
sctp: fix uninit-value in __sctp_rcv_asconf_lookup()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sctp: fix uninit-value in __sctp_rcv_asconf_lookup() __sctp_rcv_asconf_lookup() in net/sctp/input.c only checks that the ASCONF chunk can hold the ADDIP header and a parameter header, then ca…
-
Critical 9.1
sctp: validate embedded INIT chunk and address list lengths in cookie
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sctp: validate embedded INIT chunk and address list lengths in cookie sctp_unpack_cookie() only checked that the embedded INIT chunk length did not exceed the remaining cookie payload, but di…
-
High 7.1
net: guard timestamp cmsgs to real error queue skbs
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: guard timestamp cmsgs to real error queue skbs skb_is_err_queue() treats PACKET_OUTGOING as the sole marker for an skb from sk_error_queue. That assumption is not true for AF_PACKET sock…
-
High 7.1
accel/ivpu: Add bounds checks for firmware log indices
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: accel/ivpu: Add bounds checks for firmware log indices Add validation that read and write indices in the firmware log buffer are within valid bounds (< data_size) before using them. If out-of…
-
High 7.1
RDMA/core: Validate cpu_id against nr_cpu_ids in DMAH alloc
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/core: Validate cpu_id against nr_cpu_ids in DMAH alloc The cpu_id attribute supplied by user space through UVERBS_ATTR_ALLOC_DMAH_CPU_ID is passed directly to cpumask_test_cpu() without …
-
Critical 9.1
RDMA/srp: bound SRP_RSP sense copy by the received length
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/srp: bound SRP_RSP sense copy by the received length srp_process_rsp() copies sense data from rsp->data + resp_data_len, where resp_data_len is the full 32-bit value supplied by the SRP …
-
Critical 9.8
rxrpc: Fix the ACK parser to extract the SACK table for parsing
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rxrpc: Fix the ACK parser to extract the SACK table for parsing Fix modification of the received skbuff in rxrpc_input_soft_acks() and a potential incorrect access of the buffer in a fragment…