Weakness (CWE)
CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
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Architecture and Design
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Source: MITRE CWE-125
6,278 results · Feed
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High 8.1
thunderbolt: Validate XDomain request packet size before type cast
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: thunderbolt: Validate XDomain request packet size before type cast tb_xdp_handle_request() casts the received packet buffer to protocol-specific structs without verifying that the allocation …
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High 7.1
thunderbolt: Limit XDomain response copy to actual frame size
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: thunderbolt: Limit XDomain response copy to actual frame size tb_xdomain_copy() copies req->response_size bytes from the received packet buffer regardless of the actual frame size. When a sho…
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Critical 9.4
netfilter: require Ethernet MAC header before using eth_hdr()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: require Ethernet MAC header before using eth_hdr() `ip6t_eui64`, `xt_mac`, the `bitmap:ip,mac`, `hash:ip,mac`, and `hash:mac` ipset types, and `nf_log_syslog` access `eth_hdr(skb)`…
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High 8.8
Out of bounds read and write in Blink>InterestGroups in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.197 allowed a remote attacker…
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High 7.8
bpf: Fix same-register dst/src OOB read and pointer leak in sock_ops
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix same-register dst/src OOB read and pointer leak in sock_ops When a BPF sock_ops program accesses ctx fields with dst_reg == src_reg, the SOCK_OPS_GET_SK() and SOCK_OPS_GET_FIELD() ma…
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High 7.1
bpf: Fix OOB in pcpu_init_value
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix OOB in pcpu_init_value An out-of-bounds read occurs when copying element from a BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE map to another pcpu map with the same value_size that is not rounded up to…
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Critical 9.1
netfilter: nfnetlink_osf: fix out-of-bounds read on option matching
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nfnetlink_osf: fix out-of-bounds read on option matching In nf_osf_match(), the nf_osf_hdr_ctx structure is initialized once and passed by reference to nf_osf_match_one() for each …
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Critical 9.8
netfilter: nf_conntrack_sip: don't use simple_strtoul
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_conntrack_sip: don't use simple_strtoul Replace unsafe port parsing in epaddr_len(), ct_sip_parse_header_uri(), and ct_sip_parse_request() with a new sip_parse_port() helper tha…
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High 8.8
KVM: s390: pci: fix GAIT table indexing due to double-scaling pointer arithmetic
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: s390: pci: fix GAIT table indexing due to double-scaling pointer arithmetic kvm_s390_pci_aif_enable(), kvm_s390_pci_aif_disable(), and aen_host_forward() index the GAIT by manually multi…
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Critical 9.1
libceph: Fix potential out-of-bounds access in osdmap_decode()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: libceph: Fix potential out-of-bounds access in osdmap_decode() When decoding osd_state and osd_weight from an incoming osdmap in osdmap_decode(), both are decoded for each osd, i.e., map->max…
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High 7.5
libceph: Fix potential out-of-bounds access in __ceph_x_decrypt()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: libceph: Fix potential out-of-bounds access in __ceph_x_decrypt() In __ceph_x_decrypt(), a part of the buffer p is interpreted as a ceph_x_encrypt_header, and the magic field of this struct i…
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High 7.1
iommu/vt-d: Fix oops due to out of scope access
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Fix oops due to out of scope access Below oops triggers when kill QEMU process: Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0x7fffffff844eaaa7: 0000 [#1] SM…
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Low 3.3
ImageMagick - Out-of-bounds Access in ConnectedComponentsImage via connected-components Artifact
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-19 contains an out-of-bounds access vulnerability in ConnectedComponentsImage() when processing connected-components artifacts with invalid indices. Attackers can trigger access violations by specifying malformed connected-components …
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High 7.1
netfilter: nf_log: validate MAC header was set before dumping it
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_log: validate MAC header was set before dumping it The fallback path of dump_mac_header() guards the MAC header access only with "skb->mac_header != skb->network_header", withou…
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High 7.8
netfilter: ebtables: fix OOB read in compat_mtw_from_user
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ebtables: fix OOB read in compat_mtw_from_user Luxiao Xu says: The function compat_mtw_from_user() converts ebtables extensions from 32-bit user structures to kernel native structu…
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High 7.1
netfilter: ip6t_hbh: reject oversized option lists
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ip6t_hbh: reject oversized option lists struct ip6t_opts stores at most IP6T_OPTS_OPTSNR option descriptors, but hbh_mt6_check() does not reject larger optsnr values supplied from …
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-9539 Public exploit
libslirp TCP URG OOB Read Information Leak
An out-of-bounds heap read and integer underflow in the TCP urgent data handling (sosendoob) in freedesktop.org libslirp version before v4.9.2 on hypervisor host environments (e.g., QEMU) allows a privileged guest VM attacker (root or CAP_NET_RAW) to leak gig…
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Medium 4.4
Gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free: gstreamer1-plugins-bad: 1-byte heap out-of-bounds read in h.264 nal extension slice parser
A flaw was found in GStreamer's gst-plugins-bad package. When processing a specially crafted H.264 video file containing malformed MVC or SVC extension slice NAL units, a 1-byte heap out-of-bounds read can occur during parsing. This happens when the parser at…
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Medium 4.3
Gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free: gstreamer1-plugins-bad: global buffer overflow (oob read) in h.266/vvc vui parameter parser
A flaw was found in the GStreamer gst-plugins-bad package. When processing a malformed H.266/VVC video stream with a crafted aspect ratio indicator value, the H.266 parser performs an out-of-bounds read of up to 8 bytes from adjacent memory. This flaw allows …
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Medium 5.5
Acrobat Reader | Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
Acrobat Reader versions 2020.009.20074, 2020.001.30002, 2017.011.30171, 2015.006.30523 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose…
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Medium 5.5
Acrobat Reader | Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2020.009.20074 and earlier, 2020.001.30002, 2017.011.30171 and earlier, and 2015.006.30523 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could l…
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Medium 5.3
Dnsmasq: dnsmasq: out-of-bounds read in find_soa() due to missing extrabytes validation
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in dnsmasq's find_soa() function in src/rfc1035.c. When parsing NS section records, extract_name() is called with extrabytes=0, failing to validate that 10 additional bytes exist for fixed-length DNS record fields. A…
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Low 3.7
Openssh: heap out-of-bounds read in red hat enterprise linux versions of openssh gssapi indicator cleanup due to missing null sentinel termination
A flaw was found in OpenSSH. This vulnerability, a heap out-of-bounds read, occurs during the cleanup of GSSAPI (Generic Security Service Application Programming Interface) indicators when a trailing NULL termination is missing in the auth-indicators array. A…
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High 7.1
Out-of-bounds access in Bluetooth ISO receive (`bt_iso_recv`) due to missing SDU-header length validation
bt_iso_recv() in subsys/bluetooth/host/iso.c pulled the ISO SDU header (4 bytes) or, when the timestamp flag is set, the timestamped SDU header (8 bytes) from the inbound HCI ISO Data buffer via net_buf_pull_mem() without first checking buf->len. The upstream…
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Medium 4.9
Out-of-bounds read in Zephyr ext2 directory entry traversal from a crafted filesystem image
The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver (subsys/fs/ext2) trusted the on-disk directory entry fields de_rec_len and de_name_len when walking a directory block. ext2_fetch_direntry() guarded only with de_name_len > EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME, but de_name_len is a uint8_t and…
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High 8.2
MessagePack-CSharp: Denial of service vulnerabilities can swamp the CPU or crash the process with stack and heap overflows
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePackReader.ReadDateTime() can allocate stack memory based on an attacker-controlled MessagePack extension length. In the slow path for timestamp extension parsing, the c…
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Low 3.7
ImageMagick - Heap Out-of-Bounds Read in PCD Decoder
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-15 (and 6.x before 6.9.13-40) contains a heap out-of-bounds read in the PCD coder's DecodeImage loop. A crafted PCD file can trigger a one-byte heap out-of-bounds read during image decoding, resulting in denial of service and potentia…
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Low 3.7
ImageMagick - Heap Out-of-Bounds Read in PSB RLE Decoding
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.x before 6.9.13-40 contains an integer overflow in the PSB (PSD v2) RLE decoding path (ReadPSDChannelRLE in coders/psd.c) that causes a heap out-of-bounds read on 32-bit builds. Processing a crafted PSB file can lead to inf…
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Critical 9.1
Crypt::OpenSSL::PKCS12 versions before 1.96 for Perl permits a heap OOB read in print_attribute UTF8STRING path
Crypt::OpenSSL::PKCS12 versions before 1.96 for Perl permits a heap OOB read in print_attribute UTF8STRING path. print_attribute() copies a UTF8STRING ASN.1 attribute value into a heap buffer sized exactly to its declared length via strncpy, leaving no NUL te…
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Medium 6.5
libheif: Wrapped icef compressed-unit range check causes out-of-bounds read in uncompressed HEIF decoder
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to version 1.22.1, the uncompressed HEIF decoder validates explicit icef compressed-unit offsets using unit_offset + unit_size. Because the addition can wrap, a crafted HEIF file can pass the r…
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High 7.1
Libaom: libaom: heap-buffer-overflow read via missing bounds check in ctrl_set_layer_id
A heap-buffer-overflow read vulnerability was found in libaom, the reference AV1 codec implementation. A missing bounds check in the SVC (Scalable Video Coding) layer ID control function allows setting a spatial_layer_id exceeding the configured number of lay…
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High 7.5
Out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the NI grpc-device streaming API
There is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the NI grpc-device streaming API due to a missing bounds check that may result in a denial of service. Successful exploitation requires an attacker to supply a specially crafted write request. This affects NI gr…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2025-62821 Public exploit
Microsoft HEIF Image Extensions 1.2.22.0 has an out-of-bounds read because CHEIFItemInfoEntry_GetDataSize can return su…
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High 8.3
OpenEXR HTJ2K decoder heap buffer over-read in ht_undo_impl() (DoS)
OpenEXR is the reference implementation and specification for the EXR image format, widely used in the motion picture industry. In versions 3.4.0 through 3.4.11, the HTJ2K (High-Throughput JPEG 2000) decoder, ht_undo_impl() in OpenEXRCore is vulnerable to a h…
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Medium 6.5
libssh2 - Heap Buffer Over-read via sftp_symlink() in sftp.c
libssh2 through 1.11.1, fixed in commit 2dae302, contains an out-of-bounds heap read vulnerability in the sftp_symlink() function in src/sftp.c that allows a malicious SSH server or man-in-the-middle attacker to disclose heap memory contents or cause a crash …
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Medium 5.3
OpenBSD mpls_do_error Kernel Stack Memory Disclosure via MPLS Input
OpenBSD before commit 6a23123 (2026-06-18) contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the mpls_do_error function within sys/netmpls/mpls_input.c that allows remote attackers to disclose kernel stack memory by sending crafted MPLS frames with 16 labels an…
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Medium 5.1
Out‑of‑Bounds Read in 8cc
8cc is vulnerable to an Out‑of‑Bounds Read due to improper handling of #line directives and GNU linemarkers. The compiler accepts attacker-controlled filename and line number metadata and later uses it without validation when accessing source line arrays. By …
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Medium 6.5
Arbitrary File Write in postman_download module
The postman_download module uses the workspace name field from the Postman API to construct the local directory path without sanitization. If a malicious workspace has a name containing path traversal characters, pathlib resolves the path outside the intended…
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High 8.8
Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in RTI Connext Micro (Core Libraries) allows Overread Buffers.
Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in RTI Connext Micro (Core Libraries) allows Overread Buffers. This issue affects Connext Micro: from 4.0.0 before 4.3.0, from 2.4.5 before 2.4.*.
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High 8.2
Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in RTI Connext Professional (Core Libraries) allows Overread Buffers.
Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in RTI Connext Professional (Core Libraries) allows Overread Buffers. This issue affects Connext Professional: from 7.4.0 before 7.7.0, from 7.0.0 before 7.3.1.3, from 6.1.0 before 6.1.*, from 6.0.0 before 6.0.*, from 5.3.0 be…