Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1287: Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input
The product receives input that is expected to be of a certain type, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input is actually of the expected type.
How to prevent it (1 mitigation)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Source: MITRE CWE-1287
181 results · Feed
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High 8.1
Server crash via malformed binary diff passed to $_internalApplyOplogUpdate.
The $_internalApplyOplogUpdate aggregation pipeline stage can be used to execute a document diff containing a malformed binary diff to return memory out-of-bounds or crash the server. $_internalApplyOplogUpdate can be executed by any authenticated user with a…
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High 7.5
Authenticate command with specific mechanism parameter can trigger server crash
When OIDC authentication is enabled in configuration, clients may set specific values in the "mechanism" parameter of the "authenticate" command that lead to server crash. The authenticate command is accessible to unauthenticated clients, leading to pre-auth …
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High 7.3
Boost Serialization improper validation of specified type of input
A flaw has been found in Boost Serialization. The impacted element is an unknown function. This manipulation causes improper validation of specified type of input. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.…
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Medium 6.5
In Arista’s EOS when in 802.1X mode, multi-auth unauthenticated hosts might be allowed access to a switch port if there exists an EAPOL capable device in the fallback VLAN.
In Arista’s EOS when in 802.1X mode, multi-auth unauthenticated hosts might be allowed access to a switch port if there exists an EAPOL capable device in the fallback VLAN.
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High 7.5
Net::CIDR::Set versions through 0.20 for Perl did not validate IP addresses
Net::CIDR::Set versions through 0.20 for Perl did not validate IP addresses. The add method called the _encode method to parse addresses. If the addresses did not look like netmasks or network ranges, then they were assumed to single IP addresses and passed b…
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Medium 4.3
Hono: Cookie helper does not sanitize sameSite and priority, allowing Set-Cookie injection
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.21, the serialize() function in hono/cookie validates domain and path options against characters that corrupt Set-Cookie header syntax (;, \r, \n), but does no…
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High 8.4
Command injection via USB
A local attacker can perform a confusion attack on the cfgparser via a specially crafted file on an USB stick leading to code execution. This can result in a total loss of confidentiality, integrity and availability.
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High 7.3
fraillt bitsery std_smart_ptr.h loadFromSharedState improper validation of specified type of input
A security vulnerability has been detected in fraillt bitsery up to 5.2.4. Affected is the function loadFromSharedState in the library include/bitsery/ext/std_smart_ptr.h. Such manipulation leads to improper validation of specified type of input. It is possib…
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Medium 4.3
Insufficient input validation in GitHub plugin API causes denial of service
Mattermost versions 11.6.x <= 11.6.0, 11.5.x <= 11.5.3, 11.4.x <= 11.4.4, 10.11.x <= 10.11.14 fail to validate user-supplied input in API request handlers which allows an authenticated attacker to crash the plugin process via a crafted HTTP request to the PR …
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Low 2.3
For Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below, OAuth 2.0 Authorization-Code Handler Bypasses Account Status
For Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below, OAuth 2.0 Authorization-Code Handler Bypasses Account Status. A user with uIsActive=0 (suspended, banned, terminated employee) can still authenticate via OAuth and receive valid API tokens. The Concrete CMS security team gave…
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High 7.5
Invalid handling of CLASS != IN
Multiple flaws have been identified in `named` related to the handling of DNS messages whose CLASS is not Internet (`IN`) — for example, `CHAOS` or `HESIOD`, or DNS messages that specify meta-classes (`ANY` or `NONE`) in the question section. Specially crafte…
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Medium 6.0
An ACAP configuration file lacked sufficient input validation, which could allow command injection and potentially lead…
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High 7.5
NEMU (OpenXiangShan/NEMU) before v2025.12.r2 contains an improper instruction-validation flaw in its RISC-V Vector (RVV…
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High 7.5
fastify vulnerable to Body Schema Validation Bypass via Leading Space in Content-Type Header
Impact: Fastify applications using schema.body.content for per-content-type body validation can have validation bypassed entirely by prepending a space to the Content-Type header. The body is still parsed correctly but schema validation is skipped. This is a …
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High 7.5
jsrsasign is vulnerable to DoS through Infinite Loop when processing zero or negative inputs
Versions of the package jsrsasign before 11.1.1 are vulnerable to Infinite loop via the bnModInverse function in ext/jsbn2.js when the BigInteger.modInverse implementation receives zero or negative inputs, allowing an attacker to hang the process permanently …
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Medium 6.2
SpotAuditor 5.2.6 Name Field Denial of Service
SpotAuditor 5.2.6 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the registration dialog that allows local attackers to crash the application by supplying an excessively long string in the Name field. Attackers can paste a buffer of 300 repeated characters int…
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High 7.7
Keycloak-services: keycloak: unauthorized access via improper validation of encrypted saml assertions
A flaw was found in Keycloak. Keycloak's Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) broker endpoint does not properly validate encrypted assertions when the overall SAML response is not signed. An attacker with a valid signed SAML assertion can exploit this by…
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Medium 5.8
DoS in Calls plugin via malformed msgpack in websocket request.
Mattermost versions 11.3.x <= 11.3.0, 11.2.x <= 11.2.2, 10.11.x <= 10.11.10 fail to handle incorrectly reported array lengths which allows malicious user to cause OOM errors and crash the server via sending corrupted msgpack frames within websocket messages t…
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Medium 4.3
Denial of service via malformed User-Agent header in getBrowserVersion
Mattermost versions 11.3.x <= 11.3.0, 11.2.x <= 11.2.2, 10.11.x <= 10.11.10 fail to properly validate User-Agent header tokens which allows an authenticated attacker to cause a request panic via a specially crafted User-Agent header. Mattermost Advisory ID: M…
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High 7.4
Cisco IOS XR Software Multi-Instance Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System Denial of Service Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) multi-instance routing feature of Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause the IS-IS process to restart unexpectedly. This vulnerability is due t…
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High 8.8
SQL Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Improper validation of specified type of input in SQL Server allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
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High 7.0
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Improper validation of specified type of input in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
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High 8.4
TSPortal: Anyone can forge self-deletion requests of any user
TSPortal is the WikiTide Foundation’s in-house platform used by the Trust and Safety team to manage reports, investigations, appeals, and transparency work. Prior to version 30, conversion of empty strings to null allows disguising DPA reports as genuine self…
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High 8.8
PostgreSQL intarray missing validation of type of input to selectivity estimator executes arbitrary code
Missing validation of type of input in PostgreSQL intarray extension selectivity estimator function allows an object creator to execute arbitrary code as the operating system user running the database. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.2, 17.8, 16.12, 15.16, and …
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Medium 4.3
PostgreSQL oidvector discloses a few bytes of memory
Improper validation of type "oidvector" in PostgreSQL allows a database user to disclose a few bytes of server memory. We have not ruled out viability of attacks that arrange for presence of confidential information in disclosed bytes, but they seem unlikely.…
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High 7.5
Axios affected by Denial of Service via __proto__ Key in mergeConfig
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property. An attacker can tr…
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High 7.5
Cisco TelePresence Collaboration Endpoint Software and RoomOS Software Denial of Service Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the text rendering subsystem of Cisco TelePresence Collaboration Endpoint (CE) Software and Cisco RoomOS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulne…
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Critical 9.3
M365 Copilot Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Improper validation of specified type of input in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
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High 7.4
Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java S…
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Medium 5.3
Meshtastic firmware allows forged DMs with no PKC to show up as encrypted
Meshtastic is an open source mesh networking solution. The Meshtastic firmware (starting from version 2.5) introduces asymmetric encryption (PKI) for direct messages, but when the `pki_encrypted` flag is missing, the firmware silently falls back to legacy AES…
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Medium 6.5
DoS in Calls plugin via malformed UTF-8 in WebSocket request
Mattermost versions 11.0.x <= 11.0.4, 10.12.x <= 10.12.2, 10.11.x <= 10.11.6 fail to check WebSocket request field for proper UTF-8 format, which allows attacker to crash Calls plug-in via sending malformed request.
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Low 3.0
Mattermost GitHub Plugin allows unauthorized GitHub reactions via reaction forwarding hijacking
Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.6 and Mattermost GitHub plugin versions <=2.4.0 fail to validate plugin bot identity in reaction forwarding which allows attackers to hijack the GitHub reaction feature to make users add reactions to arbitrary GitHub objec…
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Medium 6.5
JBL: Improper validation of ICM field in connection requests
An unauthorised attacker within bluetooth range may use an improper validation during the BLE connection request to deadlock the affected devices.
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Medium 4.3
In KDE Connect before 1.33.0 on Android, malicious device IDs (sent via broadcast UDP) could cause an application crash.
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Medium 6.5
In Modem, there is a possible system crash due to a logic error. This could lead to remote denial of service, if a UE h…
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Critical 9.1
CVE-2025-12977
Fluent Bit in_http, in_splunk, and in_elasticsearch input plugins fail to sanitize tag_key inputs. An attacker with network access or the ability to write records into Splunk or Elasticsearch can supply tag_key values containing special characters such as new…
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High 7.5
DoS via Modbus Read Command
An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a specially crafted Modbus read command to the device which leads to a denial of service.
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Medium 6.5
Free5GC is vulnerable to DoS via the Nudm_SubscriberDataManagement API
An issue was discovered in Free5GC v4.0.0 and v4.0.1 allowing an attacker to cause a denial of service via the Nudm_SubscriberDataManagement API.
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Medium 4.3
The VAPIX API port.cgi did not have sufficient input validation, which may result in process crashes and impact usabili…
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Medium 6.7
An ACAP configuration file has improper permissions and lacks input validation, which could potentially lead to privile…